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A Critical Analysis of "The Revival of Essay-Type Questions in Medical Education: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning". 对 "医学教育中论文式问题的复兴 "的批判性分析:利用人工智能和机器学习"。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1264
Umar Maqbool, Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Adnan Ramzan

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引用次数: 0
Root Canal Morphology of Premolars in Population of Hyderabad, Pakistan: A Cone Beam Computerised Tomographic Analysis. 巴基斯坦海得拉巴居民的前臼齿根管形态:锥形束计算机断层扫描分析
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1238
Sarang Suresh, Feroze Ali Kalhoro, Priya Rani, Mahwish Memon

Objective: To investigate the mean tooth length and root canal configuration of human maxillary and mandibular premolars in the population of Hyderabad, Pakistan, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Study design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, from December 2022 to March 2023.

Methodology: Using retrospective analysis of CBCT scans, tooth length, the number of roots, and root canal configuration of 536 mandibular and maxillary premolars were assessed in the subpopulation of Pakistan. The data were analysed employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and One-Way ANOVA to determine the association between various factors and root canal morphology.

Results: Vertucci Type 1 (one canal) was the most common configuration in maxillary premolars, with frequencies ranging from 46.3 to 52.2%. The mean length of all 8 premolars ranged from 20.56 mm to 21.58 mm. C-shaped canal configurations were observed in a small percentage of maxillary and mandibular premolars, with C1 being the most common. No significant association was found between gender and canal configuration or tooth length, and in tooth lengths among different canal configurations.

Conclusion: Vertucci Type 1 was the most common configuration in maxillary premolars, followed by Vertucci Type 4. Single-rooted premolars were more prevalent, while two-root configurations were less common. C-shaped canal configurations were observed in a small percentage of premolars, with higher frequency in mandibular premolars.

Key words: Cone beam computed tomography, Dental anatomy, Endodontics, Premolars, Root canal morphology.

目的:利用锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)技术,研究巴基斯坦海得拉巴人口中上颌和下颌前臼齿的平均齿长和根管构造:利用锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)技术,调查巴基斯坦海得拉巴人口中上颌和下颌前臼齿的平均齿长和根管构造:观察研究。研究地点和时间:研究地点和时间:巴基斯坦信德省贾姆索罗利亚卡特医科大学牙科和牙髓病学系,2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 3 月:通过对 CBCT 扫描进行回顾性分析,评估了巴基斯坦亚群中 536 颗下颌和上颌前磨牙的牙齿长度、牙根数量和根管结构。数据分析采用了描述性统计、卡方检验和单向方差分析,以确定各种因素与根管形态之间的关联:结果:Vertucci 1 型(单根根管)是上颌前磨牙最常见的形态,频率在 46.3% 到 52.2% 之间。所有 8 颗前磨牙的平均长度在 20.56 毫米至 21.58 毫米之间。小部分上颌和下颌前磨牙的牙槽骨呈 C 形,其中 C1 最为常见。性别与牙槽构型或牙齿长度之间以及不同牙槽构型之间的牙齿长度之间均无明显关联:结论:Vertucci 1 型是上颌前磨牙最常见的结构,其次是 Vertucci 4 型。单根前臼齿较为常见,而双根配置则较少见。小部分前臼齿出现 C 形牙槽骨构型,下颌前臼齿出现的频率较高:锥形束计算机断层扫描 牙体解剖学 牙髓病学 前磨牙 根管形态学
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引用次数: 0
Addressing the Care Gap in Outborn Infants for Receipt of Antenatal Steroids. 消除产前接受类固醇治疗的新生儿护理差距。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1266
Syed Rehan Ali

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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Early Feeding versus Conventional Protocol after Stoma Reversal in Adult Surgical Practices. 在成人外科手术中,造口翻修后早期喂养与传统方案的效果对比。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1158
Sajid Ali, Faheem Khan, Saman Hafeez, Zaka Ullah Jan, Mian Tauseef Uddin

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of early feeding and conventional feeding protocol after stoma reversal in adult surgical practices.

Study design: Randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of General Surgery, District Headquarters Hospital Mardan, Pakistan, from January 2020 to July 2022.

Methodology: A total of 72 patients enrolled in the surgical unit for stoma reversal were included in this study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 68 patients were randomised in two equal groups of 34 patients each. In Group A, patients were allowed oral liquid feed within 24 hours after surgery while in Group B oral liquid feed was allowed after 72 to 96 hours when the nasogastric tube was removed and bowel functions were returned. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability were evaluated from outcomes such as postoperative ileus, anastomosis leakage, infection of the wound, and length of hospital stay.

Results: The age range in this study was from 18 to 43 years with mean ± SD of 31.602 ± 6.75 years. There were 41 (60.29%) males while 27 (39.71%) females in this study and the male population was dominant in both groups. The results were significantly in favour of Group A, where 28 (82.35%) patients did not have postoperative ileus compared to 17 (50%) patients in Group B (p = 0.004). Wound healing was also significantly better in Group A compared to Group B, where 30 (88.23%) patients had no wound infection compared to 21 (61.76%), respectively (p = 0.001). There was no difference between both groups regarding anastomotic leakage. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in Group A (3.117 ± 0.87 days) compared to Group B (5.617 ± 1.43 days) (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Early feeding after stoma reversal is effective, minimises the postoperative complications, and leads to shortening of hospital stay in adult surgical practices.

Key words: Anastomosis leakage, Early feeding, Length of hospital stay, Stoma reversal.

研究目的比较成人手术中造口术后早期喂养和常规喂养方案的有效性:随机对照试验。研究地点和时间:巴基斯坦马尔丹区总部医院普外科,2020年1月至2022年7月:本研究共纳入了 72 名在手术室接受造口翻转术的患者。采用排除标准后,68 名患者被随机分为两组,每组 34 人。A 组患者可在术后 24 小时内口服流质食物,而 B 组患者则可在 72 至 96 小时后,即鼻胃管拔除且肠道功能恢复后口服流质食物。从术后回肠梗阻、吻合口渗漏、伤口感染和住院时间等方面对疗效、安全性和耐受性进行评估:研究对象的年龄范围为 18 至 43 岁,平均(±SD)为 31.602 ± 6.75 岁。其中男性 41 人(60.29%),女性 27 人(39.71%),两组中均以男性为主。结果明显有利于 A 组,28 名(82.35%)患者没有出现术后回肠梗阻,而 B 组只有 17 名(50%)患者出现回肠梗阻(P = 0.004)。与 B 组相比,A 组的伤口愈合情况也明显更好,30 例(88.23%)患者没有发生伤口感染,而 B 组则有 21 例(61.76%)(P = 0.001)。两组在吻合口漏方面没有差异。A 组患者的住院时间(3.117 ± 0.87 天)明显短于 B 组(5.617 ± 1.43 天)(p = 0.001):结论:在成人外科手术中,造口翻转术后早期喂养是有效的,可最大限度地减少术后并发症,缩短住院时间:吻合口漏 早期喂养 住院时间 造口翻转术
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking Precision Enhancing Prostate Cancer Detection and Reducing Unnecessary Biopsies with Combined Prostate-Specific Antigen Density and PI-RADS Score. 结合前列腺特异性抗原密度和 PI-RADS 评分提高前列腺癌检测精度并减少不必要的活组织检查。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1205
Nurullah Hamidi, Tuncel Uzel, Aykut Demirci, Halil Basar

Objective: To determine clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rate by combining the prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) scores.

Study design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, from January 2018 to April 2023.

Methodology: Patients who underwent prostate biopsies after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were included in the study. PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were considered as MR positive. The cut-off values for PSAD were also determined to evaluate csPCa. csPCa detection rates were evaluated by grouping the patients based on the PSAD and mpMRI findings.

Results: PSAD cut-off value of 0.165 ng/mL/mL (sensitivity 80%, specificity 72%) was detected to predict csPCa (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI:0.756-0.866, p<0.001). csPCa detection rate was low (3%) in patients who have low PI-RADS scores (1-3) and a PSAD <0.165 ng/mL/mL. On the other hand, csPCa detection rate was high (50.5%) in patients who have a high PI-RADS score (4-5 lesions) and with a PSAD ≥0.165 ng/mL/mL.

Conclusion: csPCa detection rates are low in patients with PI-RADS 1-3 lesions and low PSAD values. Unnecessary biopsy may be avoided in these patients.

Key words: Gleason score, PI-RADS, Prostate cancer, Prostate-specific antigen, Prostate-specific antigen density.

目的结合前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺成像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)评分,确定有临床意义的前列腺癌(csPCa)检出率:描述性研究。研究地点和时间:安卡拉肿瘤培训与研究医院健康科学大学泌尿科,2018年1月至2023年4月:研究对象包括多参数磁共振成像(mpMRI)后接受前列腺活检的患者。PI-RADS 4和5病变被视为磁共振阳性。根据 PSAD 和 mpMRI 结果对患者进行分组,评估 csPCa 的检出率:结果:PSAD 临界值为 0.165 ng/mL/mL(灵敏度为 80%,特异度为 72%)可预测 csPCa(AUC = 0.81,95% CI:0.756-0.866,p 结论:PI-RADS 1-3 病变和 PSAD 值较低的患者 csPCa 检出率较低。可以避免对这些患者进行不必要的活检:格里森评分、PI-RADS、前列腺癌、前列腺特异性抗原、前列腺特异性抗原密度。
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引用次数: 0
Mustard Gel versus Chlorhexidine Gel as Root-Canal Medicament Against Enterococcus Faecalis: An in vitro Study. 芥末凝胶与洗必泰凝胶作为根管药物对粪肠球菌的作用:体外研究
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1172
Ambreen Zahra, Shazia Naz, Mashal Mazhar, Fatima Saeed, Bilal Ahmed Khalid, Asdaq Hussain

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of mustard gel versus chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in treating the most resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteria as intra-canal medications.

Study design: Randomised controlled trial (in vitro study). Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, de'Montmorency College of Dentistry, in collaboration with Lahore General Hospital, between March and October 2021.

Methodology: Forty single-rooted teeth, extracted and randomly allocated, were divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent treatment with CHX gel, while Group 2 was treated with Mustard gel. Subsequently, after disinfection, each tooth was horizontally divided into three equal parts. The middle section was standardised and inoculated with a controlled strain of E. faecalis. Intra-canal medicaments were administered for seven days. Bacterial colonies were quantified as colony forming units (CFU/mL) and subjected to analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results: The median bacterial count observed was 1,550 (range 775 - 2,500) for Group 1, contrasting with 400 (range 200 - 775) for Group 2, indicating a significant difference in bacterial count between the groups (p <0.001).

Conclusion: Mustard gel demonstrated significantly superior efficacy compared to chlorhexidine gel against E. faecalis in root canal procedures.

Key words: Chlorhexidine, Enterococcus faecalis, Mustard, Root canal medicament, Antimicrobial drug-resistance, Root canal irrigants.

研究目的评估芥子气凝胶与洗必泰(CHX)凝胶作为龋洞内用药治疗耐药性最强的粪肠球菌(E. faecalis)的疗效:随机对照试验(体外研究)。研究地点和时间:2021 年 3 月至 10 月期间,与拉合尔总医院合作,在德蒙莫伦西牙科学院牙科手术系进行:拔除并随机分配的 40 颗单根牙齿分为两组。第一组使用 CHX 凝胶,第二组使用芥末凝胶。消毒后,每颗牙齿被水平分成三等份。中间部分进行标准化处理,并接种受控的粪大肠杆菌菌株。龋洞内用药七天。细菌菌落以菌落形成单位(CFU/mL)进行量化,并使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第 25 版进行分析:结果:第 1 组观察到的细菌数量中位数为 1,550 个(范围为 775 - 2,500),而第 2 组为 400 个(范围为 200 - 775),这表明两组之间的细菌数量存在显著差异(P与洗必泰凝胶相比,芥末凝胶在根管治疗中对粪肠球菌的疗效明显优于洗必泰凝胶:洗必泰;粪肠球菌;芥末;根管药物;抗菌药物耐药性;根管冲洗剂。
{"title":"Mustard Gel <em>versus </em>Chlorhexidine Gel as Root-Canal Medicament Against <em>Enterococcus Faecalis</em>: An <em>in vitro</em> Study.","authors":"Ambreen Zahra, Shazia Naz, Mashal Mazhar, Fatima Saeed, Bilal Ahmed Khalid, Asdaq Hussain","doi":"10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of mustard gel versus chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in treating the most resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteria as intra-canal medications.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomised controlled trial (in vitro study). Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, de'Montmorency College of Dentistry, in collaboration with Lahore General Hospital, between March and October 2021.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Forty single-rooted teeth, extracted and randomly allocated, were divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent treatment with CHX gel, while Group 2 was treated with Mustard gel. Subsequently, after disinfection, each tooth was horizontally divided into three equal parts. The middle section was standardised and inoculated with a controlled strain of E. faecalis. Intra-canal medicaments were administered for seven days. Bacterial colonies were quantified as colony forming units (CFU/mL) and subjected to analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median bacterial count observed was 1,550 (range 775 - 2,500) for Group 1, contrasting with 400 (range 200 - 775) for Group 2, indicating a significant difference in bacterial count between the groups (p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mustard gel demonstrated significantly superior efficacy compared to chlorhexidine gel against E. faecalis in root canal procedures.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Chlorhexidine, Enterococcus faecalis, Mustard, Root canal medicament, Antimicrobial drug-resistance, Root canal irrigants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Future Regarding Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosis: Could Artificial Intelligence Replace Liver Biopsy? 非酒精性脂肪肝诊断的未来:人工智能能否取代肝活检?
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1262
Kashaf Fatima, Maryam Nasrumminallah, Mohammad Hadif

Null.

无效。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Humour in Nursing Pedagogy. 幽默在护理教学法中的作用。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1229
Bibi Hajira Irshad Ali, Nafisa Iqbal Bardaie

Objective: To explore nursing educators' perceptions about using humour as a teaching strategy in the classroom setting.

Study design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of the Study: Shifa College of Nursing, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan, from September 2021 to January 2022.

Methodology: Twelve educators from the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) programme were purposefully selected for their rich and expressive insights. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and participants provided informed consent with the option to terminate interviews at any time. Data were collected and analysed simultaneously using content analysis, with rigour maintained per Lincoln and Guba's 1985 trustworthiness framework.

Results: The study revealed four key categories from educators' perspectives on using humour as a teaching strategy. First was the humour and learning, with innate vs. acquired competency and teaching phases. Second was the inside track, encompassing revitalisation, critical thinking, eco-friendliness, encouragement culture, self-esteem, and confidence. Third was provocation; with subcategories of language and student diversity. Fourth was the way forward addressed humour applicability and classification.

Conclusion: The study explored the importance of humour as a teaching strategy in the classroom, stressing the need to consider context, subject matter, and diverse student needs. It underscores a balanced approach that engages students and fosters inclusivity. The findings are individual differences. Future research should explore the long-term impact and how training can help teachers effectively using humour as a teaching tool.

Key words: Humour teaching strategy, Nursing, Nursing educator, Learning, Pedagogical tool.

研究目的探讨护理教育者对在课堂环境中使用幽默作为教学策略的看法:定性研究。研究地点和时间:巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡希法塔梅尔-伊-米拉特大学希法护理学院,2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 1 月:特意从护理学学士(BScN)课程中挑选了 12 名教育工作者,以了解他们丰富而富有表现力的见解。我们获得了机构审查委员会的批准,参与者在知情的情况下同意随时终止访谈。数据收集和分析同时进行,采用内容分析法,并按照林肯和古巴 1985 年提出的可信度框架保持严谨性:研究揭示了教育工作者将幽默作为教学策略的四个关键类别。首先是幽默与学习,包括先天能力与后天能力以及教学阶段。第二类是内在轨道,包括振兴、批判性思维、生态友好、鼓励文化、自尊和自信。第三是挑衅;包括语言和学生多样性两个子类别。第四是未来的方向,涉及幽默的适用性和分类:本研究探讨了幽默作为课堂教学策略的重要性,强调了考虑情境、主题和不同学生需求的必要性。它强调了吸引学生和促进包容性的平衡方法。研究结果存在个体差异。未来的研究应探讨其长期影响,以及如何通过培训帮助教师有效地将幽默作为一种教学工具:幽默教学策略 护理 护理教育者 学习 教学工具
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引用次数: 0
Frequency and Outcome of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Following Mitral Valve Replacement for Mitral Stenosis. 二尖瓣狭窄二尖瓣置换术后心房颤动的发生率和结局
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1233
Kiramat Ullah Khan, Tahir Iqbal, Arooba Tariq, Mubeen Ali, Niaz Ali

Objective: To determine the frequency and outcome of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in terms of in-hospital and 30-day mortality and morbidity after mitral valve replacement (MVR).

Study design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan, from September 2017 to March 2023.

Methodology: A total of 186 patients between the ages of 20 and 70 years, who had severe mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm and underwent MVR surgery, were included in the study. The frequency of POAF within 7 days following surgery and outcomes in terms of in-hospital and 30-day mortality / morbidity were recorded.

Results: POAF occurred in 19.4% patients. Patients with POAF were predominantly male (p = 0.01), aged over 50 years (p = 0.002), diabetic (p = 0.02), hypertensive (p = 0.02), had impaired LV function (p <0.001), enlarged LA (p = 0.003), pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.009), previous PMBV (p <0.001), and previous infective endocarditis (p <0.001). In-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 7% and 8.6%, respectively. POAF patients had prolonged ICU stays (p <0.001), hospital stays (p = 0.04), and higher mortality rates (p <0.001). Persistent AF (22%) contributed to 30-day morbidity in the form of embolic stroke, limb ischaemia, and congestive heart failure.

Conclusion: POAF commonly occurs following the MVR surgery and significantly impacts perioperative and 30-day morbidity and mortality.

Key words: Postoperative atrial fibrillation, Mitral stenosis, Mitral valve replacement.

研究目的从二尖瓣置换术(MVR)后住院和 30 天死亡率及发病率的角度,确定术后心房颤动(POAF)的频率和结果:观察性研究。研究地点和时间:巴基斯坦白沙瓦西北总医院和研究中心心脏外科,2017年9月至2023年3月:研究共纳入 186 名年龄在 20 岁至 70 岁之间、患有严重二尖瓣狭窄、窦性心律正常并接受 MVR 手术的患者。研究记录了术后 7 天内发生 POAF 的频率以及住院和 30 天内的死亡率/发病率:结果:19.4%的患者出现 POAF。POAF患者主要为男性(p = 0.01)、50岁以上(p = 0.002)、糖尿病患者(p = 0.02)、高血压患者(p = 0.02)、左心室功能受损患者(p 结论:POAF通常发生在手术后7天内:POAF通常发生在MVR手术后,对围手术期和30天内的发病率和死亡率有显著影响:术后房颤 二尖瓣狭窄 二尖瓣置换术
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引用次数: 0
Risk Factors for Renal Involvement in Childhood Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis). 儿童白癜风(IgA 血管炎)肾脏受累的风险因素。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.10.1258
Shuhui Min, Xi Chen, Danfeng Wang, Xiao Lin, Guan Jiang

This study was designed to investigate the risk factors for renal involvement in children with immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis. It is a hospital-based retrospective cohort study with a sample size of 117 children aged ≤16 years with primary IgA vasculitis. Out of 117 patients, 49 (41.9%) developed renal injury. Univariate analysis revealed that age, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), time of duration, white blood cell count, D-dimer, and platelet count were all associated with renal injury in the patients with HSP. These variables were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results showed that elevated D-dimer level, older age, and GIB were independent risk factors for renal damage in patients with IgA vasculitis. Key Words: Henoch-schonlein purpura, Immunoglobulin A vasculitis, Nephritis, D-dimer, Risk factors.

本研究旨在调查免疫球蛋白A(IgA)血管炎患儿肾脏受累的风险因素。这是一项基于医院的回顾性队列研究,样本量为117名年龄≤16岁的原发性IgA血管炎患儿。在117名患者中,49人(41.9%)出现了肾损伤。单变量分析显示,年龄、消化道出血(GIB)、病程时间、白细胞计数、D-二聚体和血小板计数均与HSP患者的肾损伤有关。这些变量被纳入多变量逻辑回归分析。结果显示,D-二聚体水平升高、年龄较大和GIB是IgA血管炎患者肾损伤的独立危险因素。关键字过敏性紫癜 免疫球蛋白A血管炎 肾炎 D二聚体 危险因素
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
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