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EUROPEAN REGISTRY OF INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS. The EURO-ENDO registry was initiated in 2018. Its objectives were to assess the epidemiological, clinical, bacteriological, and prognostic features of infective endocarditis. Initially only European, it rapidly become a world registry including more than 3000 patients worldwide. EURO-ENDO confirms the drastic change in the profile of patients suffering from infective endocarditis, the important improvements in their management, but their persisting high mortality. EURO-ENDO also underlines the value of an early diagnosis of this disease as well as its management in highly specialized centers, with an experienced medical and surgical team.

Renoprotective treatments: RENIN-ANGIOTENSINALDOSTERONE SYSTEM BLOCKADE AND BEYOND. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require both etiological and symptomatic treatments to slow renal function decline. Reductions of protein and salt intakes are required. Pharmacological treatments combines blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in most diabetic patients. The albumin creatinine ration (ACR) in morning spot urine samples is now a therapeutic target both in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients.

Chronic kidney disease: A GENUINE PUBLIC HEALTH BURDEN. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent pathology. It requires regular screening and, once diagnosed, specific follow-up. Complications are serious, as end-stage CKD needs renal replacement therapy, and cardiovascular events are common. Over and above its complications, CKD also impacts the quality of life of patients.

Infectious endocarditis: FROM EPIDEMIOLOGY TO PREVENTION. The incidence of infective endocarditis is estimated between 30 and 80 cases per million inhabitants and per year in the general population in industrialized countries. It is heterogeneous and increases sharply in the presence of certain underlying heart diseases; it exceeds 1% per year in patients with a history of endocarditis. Incidence increases after the age of 60 and Staphylococcus is now the most frequent responsible microorganism. Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated only in the patients who are at high risk of infective endocarditis and who undergo invasive dental care. The recommendations published in 2023 by the European Society of Cardiology highlig.

Infectious endocarditis: STRATEGY FOR DIAGNOSIS. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is often difficult because the clinical presentations are very heterogeneous. Epidemiology has evolved with more acute forms, different microorganisms, and an increase in prevalence in patients with cardiac prosthetic or electronic devices. Diagnosis is based on a clinical suspicion, associated with microbiological data and imaging evidence of lesions of the endocardium. Echocardiography plays a key role, but advanced imaging techniques provide additional information. The 2023 European Society of cardiology (ESC) recommendations like those of 2015 confirmed the essential role of multimodal imaging, integrating lesions highlighted by any imaging technique as major criteria. The diagnostic criteria have thus been modified to consider new epidemiological and imaging data. Different diagnostic strategy algorithms are proposed depending on whether the patient has prosthetic material or not. The endocarditis team is the keystone in this diagnostic approach to improve patient management.