首页 > 最新文献

mLife最新文献

英文 中文
Ectomycorrhizal fungi: Potential guardians of terrestrial ecosystems. 外生菌根真菌:陆地生态系统的潜在守护者。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12127
Wenchen Song
{"title":"Ectomycorrhizal fungi: Potential guardians of terrestrial ecosystems.","authors":"Wenchen Song","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 3","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cofitness network connectivity determines a fuzzy essential zone in open bacterial pangenome. 协同网络连通性决定了开放细菌泛基因组的模糊基本区。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12132
Pan Zhang, Biliang Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Ji, Jian Jiao, Ziding Zhang, Chang-Fu Tian

Most in silico evolutionary studies commonly assumed that core genes are essential for cellular function, while accessory genes are dispensable, particularly in nutrient-rich environments. However, this assumption is seldom tested genetically within the pangenome context. In this study, we conducted a robust pangenomic Tn-seq analysis of fitness genes in a nutrient-rich medium for Sinorhizobium strains with a canonical open pangenome. To evaluate the robustness of fitness category assignment, Tn-seq data for three independent mutant libraries per strain were analyzed by three methods, which indicates that the Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based method is most robust to variations between mutant libraries and not sensitive to data size, outperforming the Bayesian and Monte Carlo simulation-based methods. Consequently, the HMM method was used to classify the fitness category. Fitness genes, categorized as essential (ES), advantage (GA), and disadvantage (GD) genes for growth, are enriched in core genes, while nonessential genes (NE) are over-represented in accessory genes. Accessory ES/GA genes showed a lower fitness effect than core ES/GA genes. Connectivity degrees in the cofitness network decrease in the order of ES, GD, and GA/NE. In addition to accessory genes, 1599 out of 3284 core genes display differential essentiality across test strains. Within the pangenome core, both shared quasi-essential (ES and GA) and strain-dependent fitness genes are enriched in similar functional categories. Our analysis demonstrates a considerable fuzzy essential zone determined by cofitness connectivity degrees in Sinorhizobium pangenome and highlights the power of the cofitness network in understanding the genetic basis of ever-increasing prokaryotic pangenome data.

大多数硅学进化研究通常假定,核心基因对细胞功能至关重要,而附属基因则可有可无,尤其是在营养丰富的环境中。然而,这种假设很少在泛基因组背景下进行基因测试。在本研究中,我们对营养丰富的培养基中具有典型开放庞基因组的肉毒杆菌菌株进行了稳健的庞基因组 Tn-seq 分析。结果表明,基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的方法对突变库之间的变化最为稳健,而且对数据量不敏感,优于基于贝叶斯和蒙特卡罗模拟的方法。因此,我们使用 HMM 方法来划分适合度类别。适合度基因分为生长必需基因(ES)、优势基因(GA)和劣势基因(GD),它们在核心基因中富集,而非必需基因(NE)在附属基因中比例过高。与核心 ES/GA 基因相比,附属 ES/GA 基因表现出较低的适应性效应。共效网络中的连接度按照ES、GD和GA/NE的顺序递减。除附属基因外,3284个核心基因中有1599个基因在不同的测试品系中显示出不同的重要程度。在泛基因组核心中,共享的准基本基因(ES 和 GA)和依赖于品系的适生性基因都富集在类似的功能类别中。我们的分析表明,在根瘤菌庞基因组中,共适性连接度决定了一个相当大的模糊必要区,并突出了共适性网络在理解不断增加的原核生物庞基因组数据的遗传基础方面的作用。
{"title":"Cofitness network connectivity determines a fuzzy essential zone in open bacterial pangenome.","authors":"Pan Zhang, Biliang Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Ji, Jian Jiao, Ziding Zhang, Chang-Fu Tian","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most in silico evolutionary studies commonly assumed that core genes are essential for cellular function, while accessory genes are dispensable, particularly in nutrient-rich environments. However, this assumption is seldom tested genetically within the pangenome context. In this study, we conducted a robust pangenomic Tn-seq analysis of fitness genes in a nutrient-rich medium for <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains with a canonical open pangenome. To evaluate the robustness of fitness category assignment, Tn-seq data for three independent mutant libraries per strain were analyzed by three methods, which indicates that the Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based method is most robust to variations between mutant libraries and not sensitive to data size, outperforming the Bayesian and Monte Carlo simulation-based methods. Consequently, the HMM method was used to classify the fitness category. Fitness genes, categorized as essential (ES), advantage (GA), and disadvantage (GD) genes for growth, are enriched in core genes, while nonessential genes (NE) are over-represented in accessory genes. Accessory ES/GA genes showed a lower fitness effect than core ES/GA genes. Connectivity degrees in the cofitness network decrease in the order of ES, GD, and GA/NE. In addition to accessory genes, 1599 out of 3284 core genes display differential essentiality across test strains. Within the pangenome core, both shared quasi-essential (ES and GA) and strain-dependent fitness genes are enriched in similar functional categories. Our analysis demonstrates a considerable fuzzy essential zone determined by cofitness connectivity degrees in <i>Sinorhizobium</i> pangenome and highlights the power of the cofitness network in understanding the genetic basis of ever-increasing prokaryotic pangenome data.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of 3-ketocapnine reductase activity within the human microbiota. 鉴定人体微生物群中的 3-Ketocapnine 还原酶活性。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12134
Xiaotong Wu, Lukuan Hou, Haili Zhang, Yi Ma, Jufang Wang, Mingwei Cai, Xiaoyu Tang

The microbial synthesis of sulfonolipids within the human body is likely involved in maintaining human health or causing diseases. However, the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified and verified the role of 3-ketocapnine reductase, the third-step enzyme, in the four-step conversion of l-phosphoserine into sulfobacin B both in vivo and in vitro. This finding builds upon our previous research into sulfonolipid biosynthesis, which focused on the vaginal bacterium Chryseobacterium gleum DSM 16776 and the gut bacterium Alistipes finegoldii DSM 17242. Through comprehensive gene mapping, we demonstrate the widespread presence of potential sulfonolipid biosynthetic genes across diverse bacterial species inhabiting various regions of the human body. These findings shed light on the prevalence of sulfonolipid-like metabolites within the human microbiota, suggesting a potential role for these lipid molecules in influencing the intricate biointeractions within the complex microbial ecosystem of the human body.

微生物在人体内合成的磺脂类很可能与维持人体健康或导致疾病有关。然而,负责其生物合成的酶在很大程度上仍不为人所知。在这项研究中,我们发现并验证了 3-酮巯基还原酶(第三步酶)在体内和体外将 l-磷酸丝氨酸转化为磺胺酸 B 的四步转化过程中的作用。这一发现建立在我们以前对磺脂类生物合成的研究基础之上,以前的研究主要集中在阴道细菌 Chryseobacterium gleum DSM 16776 和肠道细菌 Alistipes finegoldii DSM 17242 上。通过全面的基因图谱绘制,我们证明了潜在的磺脂类生物合成基因广泛存在于栖息在人体不同区域的不同细菌物种中。这些发现揭示了人体微生物群中磺脂类代谢物的普遍性,表明这些脂质分子在影响人体复杂的微生物生态系统中错综复杂的生物相互作用方面具有潜在的作用。
{"title":"Identification of 3-ketocapnine reductase activity within the human microbiota.","authors":"Xiaotong Wu, Lukuan Hou, Haili Zhang, Yi Ma, Jufang Wang, Mingwei Cai, Xiaoyu Tang","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbial synthesis of sulfonolipids within the human body is likely involved in maintaining human health or causing diseases. However, the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified and verified the role of 3-ketocapnine reductase, the third-step enzyme, in the four-step conversion of l-phosphoserine into sulfobacin B both in vivo and in vitro. This finding builds upon our previous research into sulfonolipid biosynthesis, which focused on the vaginal bacterium <i>Chryseobacterium gleum</i> DSM 16776 and the gut bacterium <i>Alistipes finegoldii</i> DSM 17242. Through comprehensive gene mapping, we demonstrate the widespread presence of potential sulfonolipid biosynthetic genes across diverse bacterial species inhabiting various regions of the human body. These findings shed light on the prevalence of sulfonolipid-like metabolites within the human microbiota, suggesting a potential role for these lipid molecules in influencing the intricate biointeractions within the complex microbial ecosystem of the human body.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"307-316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel alcohol dehydrogenase in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Hyperthermus butylicus. 高热嗜温性丁香菌(Hyperthermus butylicus)中的一种新型醇脱氢酶。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12126
Ching Tse, Kesen Ma

Hyperthermus butylicus is a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon that produces 1-butanol as an end product. A thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) must be present in H. butylicus to act as the key enzyme responsible for this production; however, the gene that encodes the ADH has not yet been identified. A novel ADH, HbADH2, was purified from a cell-free extract of H. butylicus, and its characteristics were determined. The gene that encodes HbADH2 was demonstrated to be HBUT_RS04850 and annotated as a hypothetical protein in H. butylicus. HbADH2 was found to be a primary-secondary ADH capable of using a wide range of substrates, including butyraldehyde and butanol. Butyraldehyde had the highest specificity constant, calculated as k c at/K m, with k cat and apparent K m values of 8.00 ± 0.22 s-1 and 0.59 ± 0.07 mM, respectively. The apparent K m values for other substrates, including ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, acetaldehyde, propanal, and acetone, were 4.36 ± 0.42, 4.69 ± 0.41, 3.74 ± 0.46, 2.44 ± 0.30, 1.27 ± 0.18, 1.55 ± 0.20, and 0.68 ± 0.04 mM, respectively. The optimal pH values for catalyzing aldehyde reduction and alcohol oxidation were 6.0 and 9.0, respectively, while the optimal temperature was higher than 90°C due to the increase in enzymatic activity from 60°C to 90°C. Based on its substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, and thermostability, HbADH2 may be the ADH that catalyzes the production of 1-butanol in H. butylicus. The putative conserved motif sites for NAD(P)+ and iron binding were identified by aligning HbADH2 with previously characterized Fe-containing ADHs.

丁醇嗜热菌(Hyperthermus butylicus)是一种嗜热栗色菌,其最终产物为 1-丁醇。丁醇嗜热菌中必须存在一种可恒温的醇脱氢酶(ADH),它是产生这种产物的关键酶;然而,编码 ADH 的基因尚未确定。我们从丁酸梭菌的无细胞提取物中纯化出了一种新型 ADH--HbADH2,并确定了它的特征。编码 HbADH2 的基因被证明是 HBUT_RS04850,并被注释为丁酸杆菌中的一种假定蛋白。研究发现,HbADH2 是一种初级-次级 ADH,能够使用多种底物,包括丁醛和丁醇。丁醛的特异性常数最高,以 k c at/K m 计算,k cat 和表观 K m 值分别为 8.00 ± 0.22 s-1 和 0.59 ± 0.07 mM。其他底物(包括乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇、乙醛、丙醛和丙酮)的表观 K m 值分别为 4.36 ± 0.42、4.69 ± 0.41、3.74 ± 0.46、2.44 ± 0.30、1.27 ± 0.18、1.55 ± 0.20 和 0.68 ± 0.04 mM。催化醛还原和醇氧化的最佳 pH 值分别为 6.0 和 9.0,而最佳温度则高于 90°C,这是因为酶活性从 60°C 升高到 90°C。根据其底物特异性、酶动力学和恒温性,HbADH2 可能是催化丁酸杆菌产生 1-丁醇的 ADH。通过将 HbADH2 与先前表征的含铁 ADH 进行比对,确定了 NAD(P)+ 和铁结合的推定保守基团位点。
{"title":"A novel alcohol dehydrogenase in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon <i>Hyperthermus butylicus</i>.","authors":"Ching Tse, Kesen Ma","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hyperthermus butylicus</i> is a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon that produces 1-butanol as an end product. A thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) must be present in <i>H. butylicus</i> to act as the key enzyme responsible for this production; however, the gene that encodes the ADH has not yet been identified. A novel ADH, HbADH2, was purified from a cell-free extract of <i>H. butylicus</i>, and its characteristics were determined. The gene that encodes HbADH2 was demonstrated to be <i>HBUT_RS04850</i> and annotated as a hypothetical protein in <i>H. butylicus</i>. HbADH2 was found to be a primary-secondary ADH capable of using a wide range of substrates, including butyraldehyde and butanol. Butyraldehyde had the highest specificity constant, calculated as <i>k</i> <sub>c</sub> <sub>at</sub>/<i>K</i> <sub>m</sub>, with <i>k</i> <sub>cat</sub> and apparent <i>K</i> <sub>m</sub> values of 8.00 ± 0.22 s<sup>-1</sup> and 0.59 ± 0.07 mM, respectively. The apparent <i>K</i> <sub>m</sub> values for other substrates, including ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, acetaldehyde, propanal, and acetone, were 4.36 ± 0.42, 4.69 ± 0.41, 3.74 ± 0.46, 2.44 ± 0.30, 1.27 ± 0.18, 1.55 ± 0.20, and 0.68 ± 0.04 mM, respectively. The optimal pH values for catalyzing aldehyde reduction and alcohol oxidation were 6.0 and 9.0, respectively, while the optimal temperature was higher than 90°C due to the increase in enzymatic activity from 60°C to 90°C. Based on its substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, and thermostability, HbADH2 may be the ADH that catalyzes the production of 1-butanol in <i>H. butylicus</i>. The putative conserved motif sites for NAD(P)<sup>+</sup> and iron binding were identified by aligning HbADH2 with previously characterized Fe-containing ADHs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"317-325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elucidating microbial iron corrosion mechanisms with a hydrogenase-deficient strain of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. 利用氢化酶缺陷的普通脱硫弧菌菌株阐明微生物的铁腐蚀机制。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12133
Di Wang, Toshiyuki Ueki, Peiyu Ma, Dake Xu, Derek R Lovley

Sulfate-reducing microorganisms extensively contribute to the corrosion of ferrous metal infrastructure. There is substantial debate over their corrosion mechanisms. We investigated Fe0 corrosion with Desulfovibrio vulgaris, the sulfate reducer most often employed in corrosion studies. Cultures were grown with both lactate and Fe0 as potential electron donors to replicate the common environmental condition in which organic substrates help fuel the growth of corrosive microbes. Fe0 was corroded in cultures of a D. vulgaris hydrogenase-deficient mutant with the 1:1 correspondence between Fe0 loss and H2 accumulation expected for Fe0 oxidation coupled to H+ reduction to H2. This result and the extent of sulfate reduction indicated that D. vulgaris was not capable of direct Fe0-to-microbe electron transfer even though it was provided with a supplementary energy source in the presence of abundant ferrous sulfide. Corrosion in the hydrogenase-deficient mutant cultures was greater than in sterile controls, demonstrating that H2 removal was not necessary for the enhanced corrosion observed in the presence of microbes. The parental H2-consuming strain corroded more Fe0 than the mutant strain, which could be attributed to H2 oxidation coupled to sulfate reduction, producing sulfide that further stimulated Fe0 oxidation. The results suggest that H2 consumption is not necessary for microbially enhanced corrosion, but H2 oxidation can indirectly promote corrosion by increasing sulfide generation from sulfate reduction. The finding that D. vulgaris was incapable of direct electron uptake from Fe0 reaffirms that direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer has yet to be rigorously described in sulfate-reducing microbes.

硫酸盐还原微生物广泛造成黑色金属基础设施的腐蚀。关于它们的腐蚀机制还存在大量争议。我们研究了硫酸盐还原菌(Desulfovibrio vulgaris)对 Fe0 的腐蚀,它是腐蚀研究中最常用的硫酸盐还原菌。培养物以乳酸盐和 Fe0 作为潜在的电子供体,以复制有机底物有助于腐蚀性微生物生长的常见环境条件。在一种 D. vulgaris 氢酶缺陷突变体的培养物中,Fe0 被腐蚀,Fe0 氧化与 H+ 还原成 H2 的过程中,Fe0 损失与 H2 积累的比例为 1:1。这一结果和硫酸盐还原的程度表明,即使在大量硫化亚铁存在的情况下为 D. vulgaris 提供了补充能源,它也无法实现 Fe0 到微生物的直接电子传递。氢化酶缺乏的突变体培养物的腐蚀程度高于无菌对照组,这表明在有微生物存在的情况下,H2的去除并不是增强腐蚀的必要条件。亲本消耗 H2 的菌株比突变菌株腐蚀更多的 Fe0,这可能是由于 H2 氧化与硫酸盐还原耦合,产生了进一步刺激 Fe0 氧化的硫化物。结果表明,微生物增强腐蚀并不需要消耗 H2,但 H2 氧化可通过增加硫酸盐还原产生的硫化物来间接促进腐蚀。发现 D. vulgaris 无法直接从 Fe0 吸收电子再次证明,在硫酸盐还原微生物中,金属与微生物之间的直接电子传递尚未得到严格描述。
{"title":"Elucidating microbial iron corrosion mechanisms with a hydrogenase-deficient strain of <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i>.","authors":"Di Wang, Toshiyuki Ueki, Peiyu Ma, Dake Xu, Derek R Lovley","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfate-reducing microorganisms extensively contribute to the corrosion of ferrous metal infrastructure. There is substantial debate over their corrosion mechanisms. We investigated Fe<sup>0</sup> corrosion with <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i>, the sulfate reducer most often employed in corrosion studies. Cultures were grown with both lactate and Fe<sup>0</sup> as potential electron donors to replicate the common environmental condition in which organic substrates help fuel the growth of corrosive microbes. Fe<sup>0</sup> was corroded in cultures of a <i>D. vulgaris</i> hydrogenase-deficient mutant with the 1:1 correspondence between Fe<sup>0</sup> loss and H<sub>2</sub> accumulation expected for Fe<sup>0</sup> oxidation coupled to H<sup>+</sup> reduction to H<sub>2</sub>. This result and the extent of sulfate reduction indicated that <i>D. vulgaris</i> was not capable of direct Fe<sup>0</sup>-to-microbe electron transfer even though it was provided with a supplementary energy source in the presence of abundant ferrous sulfide. Corrosion in the hydrogenase-deficient mutant cultures was greater than in sterile controls, demonstrating that H<sub>2</sub> removal was not necessary for the enhanced corrosion observed in the presence of microbes. The parental H<sub>2</sub>-consuming strain corroded more Fe<sup>0</sup> than the mutant strain, which could be attributed to H<sub>2</sub> oxidation coupled to sulfate reduction, producing sulfide that further stimulated Fe<sup>0</sup> oxidation. The results suggest that H<sub>2</sub> consumption is not necessary for microbially enhanced corrosion, but H<sub>2</sub> oxidation can indirectly promote corrosion by increasing sulfide generation from sulfate reduction. The finding that <i>D. vulgaris</i> was incapable of direct electron uptake from Fe<sup>0</sup> reaffirms that direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer has yet to be rigorously described in sulfate-reducing microbes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"269-276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phage-displayed heptapeptide sequence conjugation significantly improves the specific targeting ability of antimicrobial peptides against Staphylococcus aureus. 噬菌体显示的七肽序列连接显著提高了抗菌肽对金黄色葡萄球菌的特异性靶向能力。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-27 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12123
Tao Wang, Peng Tan, Qi Tang, Chenlong Zhou, Yakun Ding, Shenrui Xu, Mengda Song, Huiyang Fu, Yucheng Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Yueyu Bai, Zhihong Sun, Xi Ma

Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs often lack specificity, leading to indiscriminate bactericidal activity, which can disrupt the normal microbial balance of the host flora and cause unnecessary cytotoxicity during systemic administration. In this study, we constructed a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide against Staphylococcus aureus by introducing a phage-displayed peptide onto a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide and explored its structure-function relationship through one-factor modification. SFK2 obtained by screening based on the selectivity index and the targeting index showed specific killing ability against S. aureus. Moreover, SFK2 showed excellent biocompatibility in mice and piglet, and demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy against S. aureus infection. In conclusion, our screening of phage-derived heptapeptides effectively enhances the specific bactericidal ability of the antimicrobial peptides against S. aureus, providing a theoretical basis for developing targeted antimicrobial peptides.

广谱抗菌药物往往缺乏特异性,导致无差别的杀菌活性,从而破坏宿主菌群的正常微生物平衡,并在全身用药时引起不必要的细胞毒性。在这项研究中,我们通过在广谱抗菌肽上引入噬菌体显示肽,构建了一种针对金黄色葡萄球菌的特异性靶向抗菌肽,并通过单因素修饰探索了其结构与功能的关系。根据选择性指数和靶向性指数筛选得到的 SFK2 对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性杀灭能力。此外,SFK2 在小鼠和仔猪体内表现出良好的生物相容性,对金黄色葡萄球菌感染有显著疗效。总之,我们对噬菌体衍生七肽的筛选有效地提高了抗菌肽对金黄色葡萄球菌的特异性杀菌能力,为开发靶向抗菌肽提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Phage-displayed heptapeptide sequence conjugation significantly improves the specific targeting ability of antimicrobial peptides against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Tao Wang, Peng Tan, Qi Tang, Chenlong Zhou, Yakun Ding, Shenrui Xu, Mengda Song, Huiyang Fu, Yucheng Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Yueyu Bai, Zhihong Sun, Xi Ma","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs often lack specificity, leading to indiscriminate bactericidal activity, which can disrupt the normal microbial balance of the host flora and cause unnecessary cytotoxicity during systemic administration. In this study, we constructed a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by introducing a phage-displayed peptide onto a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide and explored its structure-function relationship through one-factor modification. SFK2 obtained by screening based on the selectivity index and the targeting index showed specific killing ability against <i>S. aureus</i>. Moreover, SFK2 showed excellent biocompatibility in mice and piglet, and demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy against <i>S. aureus</i> infection. In conclusion, our screening of phage-derived heptapeptides effectively enhances the specific bactericidal ability of the antimicrobial peptides against <i>S. aureus</i>, providing a theoretical basis for developing targeted antimicrobial peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"251-268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Harnessing marine microbiomes to develop a sustainable, all-Atlantic bioeconomy. 利用海洋微生物群发展可持续的全大西洋生物经济。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-27 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12124
Cristiane Thompson, Alice C Ortmann, Henk Bolhuis, Thulani Makhalanyane, Fabiano Thompson
{"title":"Harnessing marine microbiomes to develop a sustainable, all-Atlantic bioeconomy.","authors":"Cristiane Thompson, Alice C Ortmann, Henk Bolhuis, Thulani Makhalanyane, Fabiano Thompson","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"163-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbiome-driven anticancer therapy: A step forward from natural products. 微生物驱动的抗癌疗法:从天然产品向前迈进。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-27 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12118
Yunxuan Guan, Di Wu, Hui Wang, Ning-Ning Liu

Human microbiomes, considered as a new emerging and enabling cancer hallmark, are increasingly recognized as critical effectors in cancer development and progression. Manipulation of microbiome revitalizing anticancer therapy from natural products shows promise toward improving cancer outcomes. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the human microbiome-driven molecular mechanisms impacting cancer progression and anticancer therapy. We highlight the potential translational and clinical implications of natural products for cancer prevention and treatment by developing targeted therapeutic strategies as adjuvants for chemotherapy and immunotherapy against tumorigenesis. The challenges and opportunities for future investigations using modulation of the microbiome for cancer treatment are further discussed in this review.

人类微生物组被认为是一种新出现的致癌标志,越来越多的人认识到微生物组是癌症发生和发展的关键影响因素。操纵微生物组,利用天然产品振兴抗癌疗法,有望改善癌症预后。在此,我们总结了我们目前对人类微生物组驱动的影响癌症进展和抗癌疗法的分子机制的理解。我们强调了天然产物通过开发靶向治疗策略作为化疗和免疫疗法的辅助剂来预防和治疗癌症的潜在转化和临床意义。本综述还进一步讨论了未来利用微生物组调节进行癌症治疗研究的挑战和机遇。
{"title":"Microbiome-driven anticancer therapy: A step forward from natural products.","authors":"Yunxuan Guan, Di Wu, Hui Wang, Ning-Ning Liu","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human microbiomes, considered as a new emerging and enabling cancer hallmark, are increasingly recognized as critical effectors in cancer development and progression. Manipulation of microbiome revitalizing anticancer therapy from natural products shows promise toward improving cancer outcomes. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the human microbiome-driven molecular mechanisms impacting cancer progression and anticancer therapy. We highlight the potential translational and clinical implications of natural products for cancer prevention and treatment by developing targeted therapeutic strategies as adjuvants for chemotherapy and immunotherapy against tumorigenesis. The challenges and opportunities for future investigations using modulation of the microbiome for cancer treatment are further discussed in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Filamentation and inhibition of prokaryotic CTP synthase with ligands. 原核生物 CTP 合酶的成丝和配体抑制作用。
IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-02 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12119
Chenjun Guo, Zixuan Wang, Ji-Long Liu

Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) plays a pivotal role in the de novo synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a fundamental building block for RNA and DNA that is essential for life. CTPS is capable of directly binding to all four nucleotide triphosphates: adenine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, CTP, and guanidine triphosphate. Furthermore, CTPS can form cytoophidia in vivo and metabolic filaments in vitro, undergoing regulation at multiple levels. CTPS is considered a potential therapeutic target for combating invasions or infections by viral or prokaryotic pathogens. Utilizing cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structure of Escherichia coli CTPS (ecCTPS) filament in complex with CTP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the covalent inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo- l-norleucine (DON), achieving a resolution of 2.9 Å. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on differences in filament-forming interfaces and designed a variant to validate our hypothesis, providing an evolutionary perspective on CTPS filament formation. Our computational analysis revealed a solvent-accessible ammonia tunnel upon DON binding. Through comparative structural analysis, we discern a distinct mode of CTP binding of ecCTPS that differs from eukaryotic counterparts. Combining biochemical assays and structural analysis, we determined and validated the synergistic inhibitory effects of CTP with NADH or adenine on CTPS. Our results expand our comprehension of the diverse regulatory aspects of CTPS and lay a foundation for the design of specific inhibitors targeting prokaryotic CTPS.

三磷酸胞苷合成酶(CTPS)在从头合成三磷酸胞苷(CTP)的过程中发挥着关键作用,而三磷酸胞苷(CTP)是构成生命所必需的 RNA 和 DNA 的基本单位。CTPS 能够与所有四种核苷酸三磷酸酯直接结合:腺嘌呤三磷酸酯、尿苷三磷酸酯、CTP 和胍三磷酸酯。此外,CTPS 还能在体内形成细胞噬纤维,在体外形成代谢丝,并在多个水平上进行调节。CTPS 被认为是对抗病毒或原核病原体入侵或感染的潜在治疗靶点。我们利用低温电子显微镜测定了大肠杆菌 CTPS(ecCTPS)丝与 CTP、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和共价抑制剂 6-重氮-5-氧代-l-正亮氨酸(DON)的复合物结构,分辨率达到 2.9 Å。我们根据细丝形成界面的差异构建了一棵系统发生树,并设计了一个变体来验证我们的假设,从而为 CTPS 细丝的形成提供了一个进化的视角。我们的计算分析揭示了 DON 结合后可溶解的氨隧道。通过比较结构分析,我们发现 ecCTPS 的 CTP 结合模式与真核对应物不同。结合生化测定和结构分析,我们确定并验证了 CTP 与 NADH 或腺嘌呤对 CTPS 的协同抑制作用。我们的研究结果拓展了我们对 CTPS 不同调控方面的理解,并为设计针对原核生物 CTPS 的特异性抑制剂奠定了基础。
{"title":"Filamentation and inhibition of prokaryotic CTP synthase with ligands.","authors":"Chenjun Guo, Zixuan Wang, Ji-Long Liu","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) plays a pivotal role in the de novo synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a fundamental building block for RNA and DNA that is essential for life. CTPS is capable of directly binding to all four nucleotide triphosphates: adenine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, CTP, and guanidine triphosphate. Furthermore, CTPS can form cytoophidia in vivo and metabolic filaments in vitro, undergoing regulation at multiple levels. CTPS is considered a potential therapeutic target for combating invasions or infections by viral or prokaryotic pathogens. Utilizing cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> CTPS (ecCTPS) filament in complex with CTP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the covalent inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo- l-norleucine (DON), achieving a resolution of 2.9 Å. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on differences in filament-forming interfaces and designed a variant to validate our hypothesis, providing an evolutionary perspective on CTPS filament formation. Our computational analysis revealed a solvent-accessible ammonia tunnel upon DON binding. Through comparative structural analysis, we discern a distinct mode of CTP binding of ecCTPS that differs from eukaryotic counterparts. Combining biochemical assays and structural analysis, we determined and validated the synergistic inhibitory effects of CTP with NADH or adenine on CTPS. Our results expand our comprehension of the diverse regulatory aspects of CTPS and lay a foundation for the design of specific inhibitors targeting prokaryotic CTPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 2","pages":"240-250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transfer of disulfide bond formation modules via yeast artificial chromosomes promotes the expression of heterologous proteins in Kluyveromyces marxianus. 通过酵母人工染色体转移二硫键形成模块可促进马氏假丝酵母中异源蛋白的表达。
Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-22 eCollection Date: 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12115
Pingping Wu, Wenjuan Mo, Tian Tian, Kunfeng Song, Yilin Lyu, Haiyan Ren, Jungang Zhou, Yao Yu, Hong Lu

Kluyveromyces marxianus is a food-safe yeast with great potential for producing heterologous proteins. Improving the yield in K. marxianus remains a challenge and incorporating large-scale functional modules poses a technical obstacle in engineering. To address these issues, linear and circular yeast artificial chromosomes of K. marxianus (KmYACs) were constructed and loaded with disulfide bond formation modules from Pichia pastoris or K. marxianus. These modules contained up to seven genes with a maximum size of 15 kb. KmYACs carried telomeres either from K. marxianus or Tetrahymena. KmYACs were transferred successfully into K. marxianus and stably propagated without affecting the normal growth of the host, regardless of the type of telomeres and configurations of KmYACs. KmYACs increased the overall expression levels of disulfide bond formation genes and significantly enhanced the yield of various heterologous proteins. In high-density fermentation, the use of KmYACs resulted in a glucoamylase yield of 16.8 g/l, the highest reported level to date in K. marxianus. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of cells containing KmYACs suggested increased flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, enhanced flux entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a preferred demand for lysine and arginine as features of cells overexpressing heterologous proteins. Consistently, supplementing lysine or arginine further improved the yield. Therefore, KmYAC provides a powerful platform for manipulating large modules with enormous potential for industrial applications and fundamental research. Transferring the disulfide bond formation module via YACs proves to be an efficient strategy for improving the yield of heterologous proteins, and this strategy may be applied to optimize other microbial cell factories.

马氏酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)是一种食品安全酵母,在生产异源蛋白方面具有巨大潜力。提高 K. marxianus 的产量仍然是一个挑战,而整合大规模功能模块则是工程中的一个技术障碍。为了解决这些问题,我们构建了马钱子酵母的线性和环状酵母人工染色体(KmYACs),并加载了来自 Pichia pastoris 或马钱子酵母的二硫键形成模块。这些模块最多包含 7 个基因,最大大小为 15 kb。KmYACs 带有来自 K. marxianus 或四膜虫的端粒。无论端粒的类型和 KmYACs 的配置如何,KmYACs 都能成功转移到 K. marxianus 中,并在不影响宿主正常生长的情况下稳定繁殖。KmYACs 提高了二硫键形成基因的整体表达水平,并显著提高了各种异源蛋白的产量。在高密度发酵中,使用 KmYACs 可使葡萄糖淀粉酶产量达到 16.8 克/升,这是迄今为止所报道的 K. marxianus 的最高水平。对含有 KmYACs 的细胞进行的转录组和代谢组分析表明,黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸生物合成增加、进入三羧酸循环的通量增加,以及对赖氨酸和精氨酸的优先需求是过表达异源蛋白细胞的特征。同样,补充赖氨酸或精氨酸可进一步提高产量。因此,KmYAC 为操作大型模块提供了一个强大的平台,在工业应用和基础研究方面具有巨大潜力。事实证明,通过YACs转移二硫键形成模块是提高异源蛋白产量的有效策略,这一策略可用于优化其他微生物细胞工厂。
{"title":"Transfer of disulfide bond formation modules via yeast artificial chromosomes promotes the expression of heterologous proteins in <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i>.","authors":"Pingping Wu, Wenjuan Mo, Tian Tian, Kunfeng Song, Yilin Lyu, Haiyan Ren, Jungang Zhou, Yao Yu, Hong Lu","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> is a food-safe yeast with great potential for producing heterologous proteins. Improving the yield in <i>K. marxianus</i> remains a challenge and incorporating large-scale functional modules poses a technical obstacle in engineering. To address these issues, linear and circular yeast artificial chromosomes of <i>K. marxianus</i> (KmYACs) were constructed and loaded with disulfide bond formation modules from <i>Pichia pastoris</i> or <i>K. marxianus</i>. These modules contained up to seven genes with a maximum size of 15 kb. KmYACs carried telomeres either from <i>K. marxianus</i> or <i>Tetrahymena</i>. KmYACs were transferred successfully into <i>K. marxianus</i> and stably propagated without affecting the normal growth of the host, regardless of the type of telomeres and configurations of KmYACs. KmYACs increased the overall expression levels of disulfide bond formation genes and significantly enhanced the yield of various heterologous proteins. In high-density fermentation, the use of KmYACs resulted in a glucoamylase yield of 16.8 g/l, the highest reported level to date in <i>K. marxianus</i>. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of cells containing KmYACs suggested increased flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, enhanced flux entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and a preferred demand for lysine and arginine as features of cells overexpressing heterologous proteins. Consistently, supplementing lysine or arginine further improved the yield. Therefore, KmYAC provides a powerful platform for manipulating large modules with enormous potential for industrial applications and fundamental research. Transferring the disulfide bond formation module via YACs proves to be an efficient strategy for improving the yield of heterologous proteins, and this strategy may be applied to optimize other microbial cell factories.</p>","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"3 1","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11139206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
mLife
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1