Neurologia最新文献

英文中文

Incidence of Bell’s palsy after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗接种后贝尔麻痹的发病率：系统综述和荟萃分析

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.06.002

Atena Soltanzadi , Omid Mirmosayyeb , Amin Momeni Moghaddam , Hamed Ghoshouni , Mahsa Ghajarzadeh

Objective

To estimate the pooled incidence of Bell’s palsy after COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched by 2 independent researchers. We also searched the grey literature including references of the references and conference abstracts. We extracted data regarding the total number of participants, first author, publication year, the country of origin, sex, type of vaccines, and the number of patients who developed Bell’s palsy after COVID-19 vaccination.

Results

The literature search revealed 370 articles, subsequently deleting duplicates 227 remained. After careful evaluation of the full texts, 20 articles remained for meta-analysis. The most commonly administered vaccines were Pfizer followed by Moderna.

In total, 4.54e+07 individuals received vaccines against COVID-19, and 1739 cases developed Bell’s palsy. In nine studies, controls (individuals without vaccination) were enrolled. The total number of controls was 1 809 069, of whom 203 developed Bell’s palsy. The incidence of Bell’s palsy after COVID-19 vaccines was ignorable. The odds of developing Bell’s palsy after COVID-19 vaccines was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.79-1.32) (I2 = 74.8%, P < .001).

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that the incidence of peripheral facial palsy after COVID-19 vaccination is ignorable and vaccination does not increase the risk of developing Bell’s palsy. Maybe, Bell’s palsy is a presenting symptom of a more severe form of COVID-19, so clinicians must be aware of this.

目的：估计COVID-19疫苗接种后贝尔麻痹的合并发病率。方法：由2名独立研究人员检索PubMed、Scopus、EMBASE、Web of Science、谷歌Scholar。我们还检索了灰色文献，包括参考文献和会议摘要。我们提取了有关参与者总数、第一作者、发表年份、原产国、性别、疫苗类型以及接种COVID-19疫苗后发生贝尔麻痹的患者数量的数据。结果：文献检索显示370篇，随后删除重复的227篇。经过对全文的仔细评估，剩下20篇文章用于荟萃分析。最常用的疫苗是辉瑞，其次是Moderna。总共有4.54 +07人接种了COVID-19疫苗，1739例发生了贝尔麻痹。在9项研究中，对照组（未接种疫苗的个体）被纳入。对照组总人数为189069人，其中203人发展为贝尔麻痹。接种COVID-19疫苗后贝尔麻痹的发生率可以忽略不计。接种COVID-19疫苗后发生贝尔麻痹的几率为1.02 (95% CI: 0.79-1.32) （I2 = 74.8%, P < 0.001）。结论：本系统综述和荟萃分析结果显示，COVID-19疫苗接种后周围性面瘫的发生率可以忽略不计，接种疫苗不会增加发生贝尔麻痹的风险。也许，贝尔氏麻痹是一种更严重的COVID-19的表现症状，所以临床医生必须意识到这一点。

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引用次数: 0

The prevalence, incidence, and clinical assessment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in patients with demyelinating diseases 脱髓鞘疾病患者神经脊髓炎视网膜谱系障碍的患病率、发病率和临床评估。

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.06.002

M.A. Mireles-Ramírez , I.E. Velázquez-Brizuela , N. Sánchez-Rosales , Y. Márquez-Pedroza , M.R. Hernandez-Preciado , G. Gabriel Ortiz

Background

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is characterised by recurrent attacks of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The purpose of this work was to identify the incidence and prevalence of NMOSD and its clinical characteristics in the population treated for demyelinating diseases in Western Mexico.

Material and method

A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, at the Sub-specialty Medical Unit, Specialties Hospital (known by its Spanish abbreviation UMAE-HE), of the National Western Medical Center (CMNO), Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). A review of the electronic files for all patients with a diagnosis of NMOSD in 2019, was carried out in the State of Jalisco, Mexico.

Results

Fifty-eight patients with NMOSD were included in the study. The incidence was 0.71/100 000 (CI 0.60-0.85) and the prevalence was 1.09/100 000 (CI 0.84-1.42). There were 79.3% women, and 20.6% were men (P = .01). All (100%) patients presented with anti-aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G, and 89.6% showed seropositivity for anti-aquaporin-4 (CI 82.6-94.9). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 100% of patients, where 34.4% were normal, and 65.5% (38) abnormal, presenting with non-specific subcortical lesions (P = 0.04). The initial clinical presentation was optic neuritis (ON) in 58.6%; where 31.0% was bilateral ON, 20.7% was left ON, and 6.9% were right ON; transverse myelitis in 26.0%, area postrema syndrome (APS) in 10.3%, among others.

Conclusions

The incidence of NMOSD exceeds 0.71/100 000, the prevalence is low at 1.09/100 000, and NMOSD is predominantly found in women.

背景：神经性视脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD）的特征是视神经炎和横贯性脊髓炎反复发作。这项研究旨在确定墨西哥西部因脱髓鞘疾病接受治疗的人群中 NMOSD 的发病率和流行率及其临床特征：墨西哥社会保障局（IMSS）国家西部医疗中心（CMNO）专科医院（西班牙语缩写为 UMAE-HE）亚专科医疗单位神经科开展了一项描述性回顾性研究。对墨西哥哈利斯科州 2019 年所有确诊为 NMOSD 患者的电子档案进行了审查：研究共纳入 58 名 NMOSD 患者。发病率为 0.71/100000（CI 0.60-0.85），患病率为 1.09/100000（CI 0.84-1.42）。女性占 79.3%，男性占 20.6%（P = 0.01）。所有患者（100%）均出现抗喹呤-4 免疫球蛋白 G，89.6% 的患者抗喹呤-4 血清阳性（CI 82.6-94.9）。100%的患者接受了磁共振成像检查，其中34.4%正常，65.5%（38例）异常，表现为非特异性皮层下病变（P = 0.04）。58.6%的患者最初的临床表现为视神经炎（ON），其中31.0%为双侧ON，20.7%为左侧ON，6.9%为右侧ON；26.0%为横贯性脊髓炎，10.3%为后遗区综合征（APS）：结论：NMOSD 的发病率超过 0.71/100,000，患病率较低，为 1.09/100,000，且主要发生在女性身上。

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引用次数: 0

Encephalitis after COVID-19 vaccination 接种 COVID-19 疫苗后出现脑炎。

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.02.002

引用次数: 0

Unilateral MRIgFUS thalamotomy: Long-term follow-up in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome 单侧 MRIgFUS 丘脑切开术：脆性X相关震颤/共济失调综合征的长期随访

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.09.004

M. Campins-Romeu , R. Conde-Sardón , J.L. León-Guijarro , I. Sastre-Bataller

引用次数: 0

Ischemic encephalopathic debut of CADASIL, a case report: It is better to be safe than sorry CADASIL缺血性脑病首发病例报告：安全胜于遗憾

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.09.005

C. González-Mingot , A. Gil-Sánchez , R. Begué-Gómez , R. López-Ortega , B.R. Luis

引用次数: 0

Cerebral venous thrombosis in children an 18-year review of a Portuguese hospital 葡萄牙一家医院 18 年来的儿童脑静脉血栓病回顾

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.09.002

J. Tenente , S. Lopes , P. Bem , M. Vila-Real , D. Ferreira , A.F. Geraldo , F. Santos

Introduction

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon and clinically heterogeneous cerebrovascular particularly in children, only a few published case series focused in the pediatric population.

Patients and methods

Retrospective single-center observational and analytical study of consecutive pediatric patients admitted in a level II Portuguese hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of CVT, from 2003 to 2021. Clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, prothrombotic factors, treatment strategies, outcome and recanalization were documented.

Results

Twelve children were included (58% female). Mean age was 7.3 years. The most frequent symptoms were vomiting, headache and behavioral alterations. Infection was the triggering factor in 50% of the cases. The diagnosis of CVT was made based on imaging evidence of thrombosis through magnetic imaging resonance (MRI) with venography and/or computed tomography (CT) with venography. In 67% of cases there were multiples sinuses involved; the transverse sinus was the most affected, followed by the sigmoid sinus. In 83% of cases anticoagulant therapy was initiated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and associated prothrombotic factors were investigated, with no major prothrombotic factors identified. No deaths occurred, but 30% had long-term neurological sequelae. One patient recurred 18 years later.

Conclusion

The results of this study are consistent with data from other published studies. MRI is the preferred imaging method for diagnosis in children by avoiding ionizing radiation and allowing identification of subjacent causes. Anticoagulation with LMWH is recommended and important to reduce mortality and sequelae. Infectious diseases are the most common trigger for CVT and can also be the cause for high morbidity and poor outcomes.

导言脑静脉血栓（CVT）是一种不常见的临床异质性脑血管病，尤其是在儿童中，只有少数发表的系列病例集中在儿科人群中。患者和方法对葡萄牙一家二级医院 2003 年至 2021 年连续收治的确诊为脑静脉血栓的儿科患者进行回顾性单中心观察和分析研究。研究记录了临床表现、神经影像学检查结果、血栓形成诱因、治疗策略、疗效和再通情况。平均年龄为 7.3 岁。最常见的症状是呕吐、头痛和行为改变。在50%的病例中，感染是诱发因素。CVT的诊断依据是通过磁共振成像（MRI）和静脉造影术和/或计算机断层扫描（CT）和静脉造影术获得的血栓形成影像学证据。67%的病例涉及多个静脉窦；横窦受影响最大，其次是乙状窦。83%的病例开始使用低分子量肝素（LMWH）进行抗凝治疗，并对相关的促血栓形成因素进行了调查，但未发现主要的促血栓形成因素。无死亡病例，但30%的患者有长期神经系统后遗症。结论本研究结果与其他已发表的研究数据一致。核磁共振成像可避免电离辐射，并能识别亚邻近病因，是诊断儿童疾病的首选成像方法。建议使用 LMWH 抗凝，这对降低死亡率和减少后遗症非常重要。感染性疾病是 CVT 最常见的诱因，也是导致高发病率和不良后果的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB-E) and normative values in a representative adult population sample 西班牙文版前额叶评估测验（FAB-E）的心理测量特性和具有代表性的成人样本的标准值。

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.09.004

Background

The Frontal Assessment Battery is a short bedside test used to assess executive functions (EF). The aims of the present study were, first, to evaluate the psychometric proprieties of the Spanish version of the FAB (FAB-E) in a representative sample, and second, to establish cut-off points for impairment in executive function according to age and education level.

Methods

A sample of 798 healthy Spanish adult subjects aged 19 to 91 participated in this study. Neuropsychological assessment of participants was conducted using the FAB-E, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making Test (TMT). We examined internal consistency, intraclass correlation, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and divergent validity. In addition, we established a cut-off point for detecting executive function impairment based on the 5th percentile by age group and education level.

Results

The analysis of the psychometric properties of the FAB-E showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.60), intraclass correlation (0.72), test-retest reliability (0.70) and concurrent and divergent validity between the TMT (r = −0.523), MMSE (r = 0.426) and the FAB-E. The cut-off points for each age group were 16 points for the ≤ 29 group, 15 points for the 30-39 group, 14 points for the 40-49 and 50-59 groups, 12 points for the 60-69 group, and 10 points for the ≥ 70 age group.

Conclusions

The psychometric analysis showed that the FAB-E has good validity and reliability. Thus, FAB-E may be a helpful tool to evaluate EF in a healthy Spanish population. In addition, this study provides information on reference data that will be very valuable for clinicians and researchers.

背景介绍额叶评估测试（Frontal Assessment Battery）是一种用于评估执行功能（EF）的简短床边测试。本研究的目的首先是评估西班牙版前额叶评估测验（FAB-E）在代表性样本中的心理测量学特性，其次是根据年龄和教育水平确定执行功能受损的临界点：方法：798 名年龄在 19 至 91 岁之间的西班牙健康成年受试者参与了这项研究。我们使用 FAB-E、迷你精神状态检查（MMSE）和寻迹测验（TMT）对受试者进行了神经心理学评估。我们考察了内部一致性、类内相关性、重测可靠性、并发效度和发散效度。此外，我们还根据不同年龄组和教育程度的第 5 百分位数确定了检测执行功能障碍的临界点：FAB-E的心理测量学特性分析表明，TMT（r = -0.523）、MMSE（r = 0.426）和FAB-E之间具有良好的内部一致性（Cronbach's α = 0.60）、类内相关性（0.72）、测试-再测信度（0.70）以及并发和发散效度。各年龄组的分界点分别为：≤29 岁组 16 分，30-39 岁组 15 分，40-49 岁组和 50-59 岁组 14 分，60-69 岁组 12 分，≥70 岁组 10 分：心理测量分析表明，FAB-E 具有良好的有效性和可靠性。因此，FAB-E 可作为评估西班牙健康人群 EF 的有用工具。此外，这项研究还提供了参考数据信息，对临床医生和研究人员非常有价值。

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB-E) and normative values in a representative adult population sample","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Frontal Assessment Battery is a short bedside test used to assess executive functions (EF). The aims of the present study were, first, to evaluate the psychometric proprieties of the Spanish version of the FAB (FAB-E) in a representative sample, and second, to establish cut-off points for impairment in executive function according to age and education level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 798 healthy Spanish adult subjects aged 19 to 91 participated in this study. Neuropsychological assessment of participants was conducted using the FAB-E, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making Test (TMT). We examined internal consistency, intraclass correlation, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and divergent validity. In addition, we established a cut-off point for detecting executive function impairment based on the 5th percentile by age group and education level.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis of the psychometric properties of the FAB-E showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.60), intraclass correlation (0.72), test-retest reliability (0.70) and concurrent and divergent validity between the TMT (<em>r</em> = −0.523), MMSE (<em>r</em> = 0.426) and the FAB-E. The cut-off points for each age group were 16 points for the ≤ 29 group, 15 points for the 30-39 group, 14 points for the 40-49 and 50-59 groups, 12 points for the 60-69 group, and 10 points for the ≥ 70 age group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The psychometric analysis showed that the FAB-E has good validity and reliability. Thus, FAB-E may be a helpful tool to evaluate EF in a healthy Spanish population. In addition, this study provides information on reference data that will be very valuable for clinicians and researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94155,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 694-700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: an exceptional neurological picture? 克诺汉-沃尔特曼缺口现象：一种特殊的神经症状？

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.09.010

Introduction

Ipsilateral hemiparesis (IH) can be defined as a paradoxical dysfunction of the first motor neuron involving the extremities on the opposite side to that expected, given the location of the triggering intracranial pathology. Compression of the corticospinal tract (CSt) along its course through the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the free edge of the tentorium, known as the Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon (KWNP), represents the main cause of IH.

Methods

This retrospective study analyses a series of 12 patients diagnosed with IH secondary to KWNP treated at our institution, including a descriptive study of epidemiological, clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and prognostic variables.

Results

In 75% of the cases, symptoms had an acute or subacute onset. Initial imaging studies showed signs of significant mass effect in half of the patients, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a structural lesion in the contralateral cerebral peduncle in two thirds of them. Impairment of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) was verified in 4 patients. During follow-up 7 patients experienced improvement in motor activity, and near half of the cases were classified in the first three categories of the modified Rankin scale.

Conclusions

In contrast to prior historical series, most of our patients developed a KWNP secondary to a traumatic mechanism. MRI represents the optimal method to identify both the classic cerebral peduncle notch and the underlying structural lesion of the CSt. The use of MEP can help to establish the diagnosis, especially in those cases lacking definite radiological findings.

导言：同侧偏瘫（IH）可定义为第一运动神经元的矛盾性功能障碍，根据颅内病变的诱发位置，该功能障碍累及与预期相反的一侧肢体。皮质脊髓束（CSt）在穿过对侧大脑脚的过程中受到触角游离缘的压迫，即克尔诺汉-沃尔特曼切迹现象（KWNP），是导致 IH 的主要原因：这项回顾性研究分析了在我院接受治疗的 12 例继发于 KWNP 的 IH 患者，包括对流行病学、临床、放射学、神经生理学和预后变量的描述性研究：在75%的病例中，症状均为急性或亚急性起病。最初的影像学检查显示，半数患者有明显的肿块效应，而磁共振成像（MRI）则发现其中三分之二的患者对侧大脑脚有结构性病变。经证实，4 名患者的运动诱发电位（MEP）受损。随访期间，7 名患者的运动活动有所改善，近半数病例被归入改良兰金量表的前三类：结论：与之前的历史研究相比，我们的大多数患者都是继发于创伤机制的 KWNP。磁共振成像是鉴别典型的脑干切迹和CSt潜在结构性病变的最佳方法。 MEP的使用有助于确诊，尤其是在缺乏明确放射学检查结果的病例中。

{"title":"Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: an exceptional neurological picture?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ipsilateral hemiparesis (IH) can be defined as a paradoxical dysfunction of the first motor neuron involving the extremities on the opposite side to that expected, given the location of the triggering intracranial pathology. Compression of the corticospinal tract (CSt) along its course through the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the free edge of the tentorium, known as the Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon (KWNP), represents the main cause of IH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study analyses a series of 12 patients diagnosed with IH secondary to KWNP treated at our institution, including a descriptive study of epidemiological, clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and prognostic variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 75% of the cases, symptoms had an acute or subacute onset. Initial imaging studies showed signs of significant mass effect in half of the patients, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a structural lesion in the contralateral cerebral peduncle in two thirds of them. Impairment of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) was verified in 4 patients. During follow-up 7 patients experienced improvement in motor activity, and near half of the cases were classified in the first three categories of the modified Rankin scale.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In contrast to prior historical series, most of our patients developed a KWNP secondary to a traumatic mechanism. MRI represents the optimal method to identify both the classic cerebral peduncle notch and the underlying structural lesion of the CSt. The use of MEP can help to establish the diagnosis, especially in those cases lacking definite radiological findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94155,"journal":{"name":"Neurologia","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 683-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40711319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and validation of a questionnaire for monitoring neurological dysphagia and respiratory deterioration in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (DEREDELA) 设计并验证用于监测肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者神经性吞咽困难和呼吸恶化的调查问卷（DEREDELA）

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.09.003

S. Bermudo Fuenmayor , P.J. Serrano Castro , P. Quiroga Subirana , S. López Palmero , M.M. Requena Mullor , T. Parrón Carreño

Introduction

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease of unknown origin that affects the motor neurons. It has a rapid, fatal course.

Method

For this study, an initial questionnaire of eleven items was developed by experts in the field, who evaluated the suitability and relevance of the items.

Results

The questionnaire was then applied to a pilot group of 22 patients diagnosed with ALS. Confirmatory factor analysis, based on estimating maximum likelihood, confirmed the three domains detected in the exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach's α (0.801) and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test (0.770) confirmed the construct validity.

Conclusions

The DEREDELA questionnaire is valid, in terms of its content, for monitoring the neurological dysphagia and respiratory deterioration suffered by patients diagnosed with ALS.

导言肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种原因不明的退行性疾病，影响运动神经元。本研究由该领域的专家编制了一份包含 11 个项目的初始问卷，并由他们对这些项目的适用性和相关性进行了评估。基于最大似然估计的确认性因子分析证实了探索性因子分析中发现的三个领域。使用 Cronbach's α（0.801）检验了量表的可靠性，Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 检验（0.770）证实了量表的建构效度。结论 DEREDELA 问卷的内容对于监测 ALS 患者的神经吞咽困难和呼吸衰竭是有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Cybersickness. A systematic literature review of adverse effects related to virtual reality 网络病。与虚拟现实有关的不良影响的系统文献综述

Neurologia

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.04.007

L. Simón-Vicente , S. Rodríguez-Cano , V. Delgado-Benito , V. Ausín-Villaverde , E. Cubo Delgado

Background

Virtual Reality (VR) uses computer technology to create a simulated environment. VR is a growing technology with promising extensive applications in different areas such as Medicine, entertainment, sports, gaming, and simulation. However, information about VR side effects is still limited. We aimed to identify the most frequent physical side effects caused by VR therapeutic applications.

Methodology

All available full-text articles evaluating VR as a therapeutic intervention and side effects using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) between 2016 and 2021 were consulted across 4 electronic (Entrez Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Wiley databases). The methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale.

Results

Ten out of 55 reviewed articles (18%) met inclusion/exclusion criteria, including a sample of 416 patients, mean age of 24.54 (15–52.6) years old. According to the PEDro scale, two articles (20%) were considered good or excellent. Side effects were reported more frequently with head-mounted displays compared to desktop systems, especially disorientation, followed by nausea and oculomotor disturbances.

Conclusions

Although VR might have positive effects as a therapeutic tool, VR can also cause side events. As in any other therapeutic intervention, it is important to understand the effectiveness and safety before planning a VR intervention using a well-designed scientific methodology.

背景虚拟现实（VR）利用计算机技术创建模拟环境。VR 是一项不断发展的技术，有望在医学、娱乐、体育、游戏和模拟等不同领域得到广泛应用。然而，有关 VR 副作用的信息仍然有限。我们的目的是找出 VR 治疗应用最常见的身体副作用。研究方法通过 4 个电子数据库（Entrez Pubmed、Scopus、Science Direct 和 Wiley 数据库）查阅了 2016 年至 2021 年间所有使用模拟器疾病问卷（SSQ）评估 VR 作为治疗干预和副作用的全文文章。结果55篇综述文章中有10篇（18%）符合纳入/排除标准，包括416名患者样本，平均年龄为24.54（15-52.6）岁。根据 PEDro 评分标准，两篇文章（20%）被认为是良好或优秀。与桌面系统相比，头戴式显示器的副作用报告更为频繁，尤其是迷失方向，其次是恶心和眼球运动障碍。与其他任何治疗干预一样，在使用精心设计的科学方法规划 VR 干预之前，了解其有效性和安全性非常重要。

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