Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102995
Pei-Ju Tsai, Hao-Chien Cheng, Tsung-Min Hung, Ting-Yu Lin
This Stage 2 registered report analyzed the rates at which hypotheses were supported in registered reports versus traditional publications within sport and exercise science. A title and abstract search using the term "registered report∗" conducted in late 2024 yielded 4235 records from PubMed and 1011 from Scopus. After removing duplicates, 4693 records were screened, and 14 full texts were reviewed independently by two authors. Ten registered reports that included at least one hypothesis were identified, resulting in 41 hypotheses. By matching journal and publication year, 59 traditional articles were selected, yielding 162 hypotheses. When restricted to the first hypothesis, as in prior research, the support rates were 70 % for registered reports and 86 % for traditional articles, a marginally significant difference (p = .095). When all hypotheses were included, the support rates were 54 % and 79 % for registered reports and traditional publications, respectively-a statistically significant difference (p < .001). These findings provide initial evidence that, similar to the field of psychology, registered reports in sport and exercise science are less likely to report conclusions supporting the stated hypotheses compared to traditionally published counterparts. Exploratory analyses showed that the difference in positive findings between psychology and sport and exercise for traditional articles was statistically significant (p = .014). However, this finding should be interpreted with caution due to potential confounding factors, including differences in publication periods, study selection strategies, and whether journal matching was applied.
{"title":"Comparing positive rates in traditional articles and registered reports within sport and exercise science: A stage 2 registered report.","authors":"Pei-Ju Tsai, Hao-Chien Cheng, Tsung-Min Hung, Ting-Yu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Stage 2 registered report analyzed the rates at which hypotheses were supported in registered reports versus traditional publications within sport and exercise science. A title and abstract search using the term \"registered report∗\" conducted in late 2024 yielded 4235 records from PubMed and 1011 from Scopus. After removing duplicates, 4693 records were screened, and 14 full texts were reviewed independently by two authors. Ten registered reports that included at least one hypothesis were identified, resulting in 41 hypotheses. By matching journal and publication year, 59 traditional articles were selected, yielding 162 hypotheses. When restricted to the first hypothesis, as in prior research, the support rates were 70 % for registered reports and 86 % for traditional articles, a marginally significant difference (p = .095). When all hypotheses were included, the support rates were 54 % and 79 % for registered reports and traditional publications, respectively-a statistically significant difference (p < .001). These findings provide initial evidence that, similar to the field of psychology, registered reports in sport and exercise science are less likely to report conclusions supporting the stated hypotheses compared to traditionally published counterparts. Exploratory analyses showed that the difference in positive findings between psychology and sport and exercise for traditional articles was statistically significant (p = .014). However, this finding should be interpreted with caution due to potential confounding factors, including differences in publication periods, study selection strategies, and whether journal matching was applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102663
Christopher Mesagno, Adwoah A Hammond, Matthew A Goodyear
{"title":"An Initial Investigation into the Mental Health Difficulties in Athletes who Experience Choking under Pressure.","authors":"Christopher Mesagno, Adwoah A Hammond, Matthew A Goodyear","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":"45 10","pages":"102663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102509
Sinika Timme, Ralf Brand
Exercising can be theorized as the result of choosing one behavior over alternative behaviors. The Decisional Preferences in Exercising (DPEX) test is a computerized, easy-to-use, publicly available (open source Python code: https://osf.io/ahbjr/) and highly adaptive research tool based on this rationale. In the DPEX, participants are asked to choose between two images by pressing a key on the computer keyboard, one showing a physical exercise and the other showing a non-exercise behavioral alternative in a series of trials. Combinations are randomly assembled from two definable pools of stimuli trial-per-trial. The test can be scored either based on a crossed random effects model (facilitating the use of different stimulus material in different studies without compromising the comparability of test scores) or with a simple proportion score. Data from diverse study samples (N = 451) showed strong correlations of DPEX scores with past and future exercise behavior (r = 0.42 and 0.47 respectively) as well as with affective experiences with exercise (e.g., 'pleasure-displeasure': r = 0.47). DPEX test scores discriminated between exercisers and non-exercisers according to receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The DPEX may be used to examine research questions derived from dual process theories, the effects of psychological states on behavioral choices can be tested, or the effects of behavior change interventions can be evaluated. The DPEX helps to avoid common method bias in the assessment of exercise behavior, for example, when psychological variables are measured with questionnaires.
{"title":"Exercise as the sum of our choices between behavioral alternatives: The Decisional Preferences in Exercising (DPEX) test.","authors":"Sinika Timme, Ralf Brand","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercising can be theorized as the result of choosing one behavior over alternative behaviors. The Decisional Preferences in Exercising (DPEX) test is a computerized, easy-to-use, publicly available (open source Python code: https://osf.io/ahbjr/) and highly adaptive research tool based on this rationale. In the DPEX, participants are asked to choose between two images by pressing a key on the computer keyboard, one showing a physical exercise and the other showing a non-exercise behavioral alternative in a series of trials. Combinations are randomly assembled from two definable pools of stimuli trial-per-trial. The test can be scored either based on a crossed random effects model (facilitating the use of different stimulus material in different studies without compromising the comparability of test scores) or with a simple proportion score. Data from diverse study samples (N = 451) showed strong correlations of DPEX scores with past and future exercise behavior (r = 0.42 and 0.47 respectively) as well as with affective experiences with exercise (e.g., 'pleasure-displeasure': r = 0.47). DPEX test scores discriminated between exercisers and non-exercisers according to receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The DPEX may be used to examine research questions derived from dual process theories, the effects of psychological states on behavioral choices can be tested, or the effects of behavior change interventions can be evaluated. The DPEX helps to avoid common method bias in the assessment of exercise behavior, for example, when psychological variables are measured with questionnaires.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48986442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives were a) to test whether a Processes of Change (POC)-personalized Transtheoretical model (TTM)-based intervention could increase physical activity (PA) among inactive adults, and b) to examine whether the intervention increased the level of TTM theoretical constructs. The following hypotheses were formulated: 1) PA levels will be significantly higher during and after the intervention in comparison to baseline measures; 2) the level of targeted POCs will increase during the intervention; 3) non targeted POCs will stay stable, and 4) self-efficacy and decisional balance levels will increase during the intervention. A series of N-of-1 with A (1 to 2-week)-B(10-week)-A'(2-week) design were conducted with 12 inactive adults. Behavioral counselors used behavior change techniques to target TTM constructs and supervise PA. Interventions were individualized based on the 5 POCs with the lowest pre-intervention level. Device-based and subjective PA along with TTM measures were collected weekly online. PA data were analyzed with piecewise linear models. A visual analysis was run to examine the TTM constructs. Device, self-reported and TTM data were available for five, seven and five participants, respectively. A significant self-reported PA increase for six participants was found during the phase B and A2. A significant device-measured PA increase was observed in two participants during the study. A substantial increase of targeted POC from baseline for all participants with available data was observed. This study provides the first evidence of behavioral and psychological effects of a POC-personalized TTM-based intervention in inactive adults.
{"title":"The Transtheoretical model's processes of change in the heart of a physical activity intervention: A series of n-of-1.","authors":"Josyanne Lapointe, P. Bernard, A. Romain","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/qxnsc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qxnsc","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives were a) to test whether a Processes of Change (POC)-personalized Transtheoretical model (TTM)-based intervention could increase physical activity (PA) among inactive adults, and b) to examine whether the intervention increased the level of TTM theoretical constructs. The following hypotheses were formulated: 1) PA levels will be significantly higher during and after the intervention in comparison to baseline measures; 2) the level of targeted POCs will increase during the intervention; 3) non targeted POCs will stay stable, and 4) self-efficacy and decisional balance levels will increase during the intervention. A series of N-of-1 with A (1 to 2-week)-B(10-week)-A'(2-week) design were conducted with 12 inactive adults. Behavioral counselors used behavior change techniques to target TTM constructs and supervise PA. Interventions were individualized based on the 5 POCs with the lowest pre-intervention level. Device-based and subjective PA along with TTM measures were collected weekly online. PA data were analyzed with piecewise linear models. A visual analysis was run to examine the TTM constructs. Device, self-reported and TTM data were available for five, seven and five participants, respectively. A significant self-reported PA increase for six participants was found during the phase B and A2. A significant device-measured PA increase was observed in two participants during the study. A substantial increase of targeted POC from baseline for all participants with available data was observed. This study provides the first evidence of behavioral and psychological effects of a POC-personalized TTM-based intervention in inactive adults.","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":"67 1","pages":"102430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43653555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2021.101957
E. Malloy, M. Kavussanu
{"title":"The Effects of an Authentic Coaching Intervention on Athlete Outcomes: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial","authors":"E. Malloy, M. Kavussanu","doi":"10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2021.101957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2021.101957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":"101957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2021.101957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41420373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William V. Massey, Alexandra Szarabajko, Janelle Thalken, Deanna Perez, S. Mullen
School recess can provide social, emotional, and physical benefits for children. Yet, not all children experience recess the same, as inequity in access to recess and variability in the quality of recess exist. Researchers have yet to understand the long-term implications of recess experiences on adult well-being and physical activity behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore the inter-relationships between memories of recess, physical activity, and social-emotional well-being. A total of 514 adults between the ages of 19 and 79 (M = 45.56; SD = 15.62) were surveyed via Prolific, a web-based research platform. Participants were asked about their memories of recess enjoyment and recess exclusion, physical activity levels, physical activity enjoyment, social isolation, social role satisfaction, and sense of meaning and purpose. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that memories of recess enjoyment was associated with meaning and purpose (β = .140, p < .05) and PA enjoyment (β = .209, p < .05). Furthermore, recess exclusion predicted current social isolation (β = .300, p< .05) and was negatively associated with recess enjoyment (β = -.445, p< .05). Findings highlight the importance of childhood recess experiences and its impact on subsequent physical activity behaviors, social isolation, and meaning and purpose later in life. Consistent with other research, early positive activity experiences, in the form of recess, appears to provide more assurances that one will engage in healthier lifestyle behaviors and more favorable psycho-socio-emotional profiles in adulthood.
{"title":"Memories of School Recess Predict Physical Activity Enjoyment and Social-Emotional Well-being in Adults","authors":"William V. Massey, Alexandra Szarabajko, Janelle Thalken, Deanna Perez, S. Mullen","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/qfnhm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qfnhm","url":null,"abstract":"School recess can provide social, emotional, and physical benefits for children. Yet, not all children experience recess the same, as inequity in access to recess and variability in the quality of recess exist. Researchers have yet to understand the long-term implications of recess experiences on adult well-being and physical activity behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore the inter-relationships between memories of recess, physical activity, and social-emotional well-being. A total of 514 adults between the ages of 19 and 79 (M = 45.56; SD = 15.62) were surveyed via Prolific, a web-based research platform. Participants were asked about their memories of recess enjoyment and recess exclusion, physical activity levels, physical activity enjoyment, social isolation, social role satisfaction, and sense of meaning and purpose. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that memories of recess enjoyment was associated with meaning and purpose (β = .140, p < .05) and PA enjoyment (β = .209, p < .05). Furthermore, recess exclusion predicted current social isolation (β = .300, p< .05) and was negatively associated with recess enjoyment (β = -.445, p< .05). Findings highlight the importance of childhood recess experiences and its impact on subsequent physical activity behaviors, social isolation, and meaning and purpose later in life. Consistent with other research, early positive activity experiences, in the form of recess, appears to provide more assurances that one will engage in healthier lifestyle behaviors and more favorable psycho-socio-emotional profiles in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Petróczi, A. Heyes, S. Thrower, L. Martinelli, I. Boardley, S. Backhouse
In this study, we give voice to athletes and explore what ‘clean’ means for them in elite sport. Working together with elite athletes and National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) in five European countries, we investigated the meaning and importance of ‘clean sport’ and ‘clean athlete identity’ from the athletes’ perspectives. With athletes as co-researchers, we conducted focus group interviews involving 82 athletes from Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovenia and the UK. The results show that clean athlete identity – which is a strong protection against doping and cheating in sport - is a social endeavour, which should be reflected in anti-doping interventions. Athletes’ accounts suggest that clean athlete identity is reinforced, but not created, by values-based (anti-doping) education. Whilst clean athlete identity is universally rooted in upbringing, early experiences and love of sport; definition of clean performance enhancement is highly idiosyncratic. Both problems and solutions in anti-doping were identified as systemic. Participatory research with athletes and stakeholders is a feasible and rewarding avenue for sport organisations with responsibility for anti-doping for athlete involvement.
{"title":"Understanding and building clean(er) sport together: Community-based participatory research with elite athletes and anti-doping organisations from five European countries","authors":"A. Petróczi, A. Heyes, S. Thrower, L. Martinelli, I. Boardley, S. Backhouse","doi":"10.31236/osf.io/7wqbp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/7wqbp","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we give voice to athletes and explore what ‘clean’ means for them in elite sport. Working together with elite athletes and National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) in five European countries, we investigated the meaning and importance of ‘clean sport’ and ‘clean athlete identity’ from the athletes’ perspectives. With athletes as co-researchers, we conducted focus group interviews involving 82 athletes from Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovenia and the UK. The results show that clean athlete identity – which is a strong protection against doping and cheating in sport - is a social endeavour, which should be reflected in anti-doping interventions. Athletes’ accounts suggest that clean athlete identity is reinforced, but not created, by values-based (anti-doping) education. Whilst clean athlete identity is universally rooted in upbringing, early experiences and love of sport; definition of clean performance enhancement is highly idiosyncratic. Both problems and solutions in anti-doping were identified as systemic. Participatory research with athletes and stakeholders is a feasible and rewarding avenue for sport organisations with responsibility for anti-doping for athlete involvement.","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dirk Folkerts, Roland Loh, A. Petróczi, Sebastian Brueckner
Research on doping attitude has relied heavily on the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). Yet, to date, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the PEAS have been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is, for the first time, to cumulate evidence for the psychometric properties of PEAS; specifically to conduct a qualitative synthesis and perform a meta-analysis to analyze the available results and findings for internal consistency reliability, gender differences and user/non-user differences in doping attitude assessed by the PEAS. The meta-analysis showed good level of internal consistency reliability for the PEAS. Overall, negative doping attitude characterized the athlete population, regardless of gender or involvement in doping. The latter, coupled with sole reliance on self-reports, questions the validity of PEAS as proxy for indexing doping behavior; and calls for a more nuanced understanding of the role of attitudes toward doping and clean sport behaviour.
{"title":"The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dirk Folkerts, Roland Loh, A. Petróczi, Sebastian Brueckner","doi":"10.31236/osf.io/k6gye","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/k6gye","url":null,"abstract":"Research on doping attitude has relied heavily on the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). Yet, to date, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the PEAS have been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is, for the first time, to cumulate evidence for the psychometric properties of PEAS; specifically to conduct a qualitative synthesis and perform a meta-analysis to analyze the available results and findings for internal consistency reliability, gender differences and user/non-user differences in doping attitude assessed by the PEAS. The meta-analysis showed good level of internal consistency reliability for the PEAS. Overall, negative doping attitude characterized the athlete population, regardless of gender or involvement in doping. The latter, coupled with sole reliance on self-reports, questions the validity of PEAS as proxy for indexing doping behavior; and calls for a more nuanced understanding of the role of attitudes toward doping and clean sport behaviour.","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":"101999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg, Jérémie Verner-Filion, Allen Quach, D. Bailis
The suspension of the 2019-2020 National Basketball Association (NBA) season due to the COVID-19 pandemic meant that NBA fans were unable to engage in an activity that they loved in the midst of a global health crisis. In this research, we assessed if fan responses to the suspension were associated with different types of fan passion and motives. Shortly after the NBA season suspension, NBA fans (N = 395) completed online surveys assessing harmonious and obsessive passion for being an NBA fan, motives for watching games, and various attitudes and responses to the suspension. We found that both fan passion and motives predicted responses to the suspension, particularly obsessive passion which predicted greater levels of distress, coping responses, and negative attitudes toward the suspension. These findings have implications for both the passion and fan motives literatures.
{"title":"Basketball jones: Fan passion, motives, and reactions to the suspension of the National Basketball Association season due to COVID-19","authors":"Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg, Jérémie Verner-Filion, Allen Quach, D. Bailis","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/32msf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/32msf","url":null,"abstract":"The suspension of the 2019-2020 National Basketball Association (NBA) season due to the COVID-19 pandemic meant that NBA fans were unable to engage in an activity that they loved in the midst of a global health crisis. In this research, we assessed if fan responses to the suspension were associated with different types of fan passion and motives. Shortly after the NBA season suspension, NBA fans (N = 395) completed online surveys assessing harmonious and obsessive passion for being an NBA fan, motives for watching games, and various attitudes and responses to the suspension. We found that both fan passion and motives predicted responses to the suspension, particularly obsessive passion which predicted greater levels of distress, coping responses, and negative attitudes toward the suspension. These findings have implications for both the passion and fan motives literatures.","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":"54 1","pages":"101885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45705143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical exercise is an effective tool for improving public health, but the general population exercises too little. Drawing on recent theorizing on the combined role of boredom and self-control in guiding goal-directed behavior, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in boredom and self-control differentiate high from low exercisers. The role of boredom as a non-adaptive disposition is of particular interest, because research on boredom in sports is scarce. Here, we investigate the role of such individual differences in self-reported weekly exercise behavior (in minutes) in a sample of N = 507 participants (n = 200 female, Mage = 36.43 (± 9.54)). We used the robust variant of Mahalanobis distance to detect and remove n = 51 multivariate outliers and then performed latent profile analysis to assess if boredom (boredom proneness; exercise-related boredom) and self-control (trait self-control; if-then planning) combine into identifiable latent profiles. In line with theoretical considerations, the Bayesian Information Criterion favored a solution with two latent profiles. One profile was characterized by higher-than-average exercise-related boredom and boredom proneness and lower-than-average self-control and if-then planning values. This pattern was reversed for the second profile. A one-sided Bayesian two-sample t-test supported the hypothesis that the first profile is associated with more exercise behavior than the second profile, BF =16.93. Our results foster the notion of self-control and if-then planning as adaptive dispositions. More importantly, they point to an important role of boredom in the exercise setting: exercise-related boredom and getting easily bored in general are associated with less exercise activity. This is in line with recent theorizing on boredoms’ and self-controls’ function in guiding goal-directed behavior.
{"title":"Too bored for sports? Adaptive and less-adaptive latent personality profiles for exercise behavior","authors":"W. Wolff, M. Bieleke, Johanna Stähler, J. Schüler","doi":"10.31236/osf.io/tjw89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/tjw89","url":null,"abstract":"Physical exercise is an effective tool for improving public health, but the general population exercises too little. Drawing on recent theorizing on the combined role of boredom and self-control in guiding goal-directed behavior, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in boredom and self-control differentiate high from low exercisers. The role of boredom as a non-adaptive disposition is of particular interest, because research on boredom in sports is scarce. Here, we investigate the role of such individual differences in self-reported weekly exercise behavior (in minutes) in a sample of N = 507 participants (n = 200 female, Mage = 36.43 (± 9.54)). We used the robust variant of Mahalanobis distance to detect and remove n = 51 multivariate outliers and then performed latent profile analysis to assess if boredom (boredom proneness; exercise-related boredom) and self-control (trait self-control; if-then planning) combine into identifiable latent profiles. In line with theoretical considerations, the Bayesian Information Criterion favored a solution with two latent profiles. One profile was characterized by higher-than-average exercise-related boredom and boredom proneness and lower-than-average self-control and if-then planning values. This pattern was reversed for the second profile. A one-sided Bayesian two-sample t-test supported the hypothesis that the first profile is associated with more exercise behavior than the second profile, BF =16.93. Our results foster the notion of self-control and if-then planning as adaptive dispositions. More importantly, they point to an important role of boredom in the exercise setting: exercise-related boredom and getting easily bored in general are associated with less exercise activity. This is in line with recent theorizing on boredoms’ and self-controls’ function in guiding goal-directed behavior.","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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