Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

Objective: Population-based Health Surveys (PHS) are essential tools for assessing population health status and its determinants. Since 1977, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted their development in various countries to enhance the planning and assessment of health policies. The aim of this study was to identify the PHS carried out by the autonomous communities of Spain, and to describe their administrative, methodological, content-related, and dissemination characteristics.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on Spanish and regional PHS carried out in Spain up to 2023. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire, initially completed via official reports and websites, and subsequently validated by the Technical Group on Population-based Health Surveys of the Spanish Ministry of Health. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out using numerical summaries and frequency tables, according to the variables.

Results: A total of fourteen ongoing PHS were identified, displaying high variability in periodicity and sampling methodologies. Seventy-one percent of them were official statistical operations. Most surveys used computer-assisted personal interviews, with an average duration of forty-five minutes for adults and fifteen minutes for children, and collect data on social determinants of health, healthcare utilization, and health status. Differences were noted in the inclusion of pediatric populations and the application of standardized scales for quality of life and mental health. No longitudinal surveys were found.

Conclusions: PHS are fundamental for public health decision-making. Enhancing methodological and content harmonization, incorporating longitudinal designs, and linking with administrative records could significantly improve their utility. Additionally, promoting open access to PHS data and expanding result dissemination are recommended to maximize their impact on Public Health policies.

The health-promoting university has received treatments about polymorphic frequencies and intensities, both in conceptual-philosophical terms and in characterization through practical strategies. This perspective aimed to develop a critical analysis of some of the conceptual frameworks of the Health Promoting Universities Movement with the aim of creating a space for reflection and dialogue that enables the adaptation and establishment of a pluralistic and democratic approach to current and future challenges in the field of health. In this regard, it seems necessary to rethink the historical conceptual contributions developed up to the present in order to update and propose practical strategies that serve as a common denominator, while respecting both the structural particularities and the cultural factors that distinguish universities.

Objective: In Colombia, structural inequity between urban and rural population endangers health social determinants including access to health services. It is possible to strengthen rural health trough the community health cycle. The study focused on describing the health needs and community resources, identified by community members in two rural municipalities affected by armed conflict.

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was developed with 86 community members in two rural municipalities affected by armed conflict in Colombia. We conducted thematic analysis of two group discussions and analyzed 44 participatory community health assessments documents developed in the course on management of social initiatives in health.

Results: Inductive thematic analysis constructed main themes about health problems related to service access and quality in rural settings, as well as environmental health problems. Due to access and quality deficit in services, community members soughtother health agents, as traditional medicine holder, or informal agents. Even though selfcare traditional practices remained used in the territory, they could be confused with other misinformed practices. Health community participation was described as tokenistic due to mis-trust in government, inefficient participation mechanisms, and low sense of belonging.

Conclusions: Health problems still being reported in the region, associated to rural conditions and access to health services, can be addressed following the Community health cycle. Actions should involve community resources addressing mistrust and low participation of communities affected by internal armed conflict.

Objective: The increase in aggressions through social media poses a serious threat to Public Health. The objective of this paper was to verify the existence of cyber victimization in influential women on the social media platform Instagram and determine the health consequences.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through an online survey based on the Cyber Victimization Scale in Higher Education. Two additional questions were included to understand the consequences of such events on health. A sample of 150 female Instagram profiles with over 40,000 followers each, dedicated to promoting a healthy lifestyle, whether professionals in this field or not, was selected. Validity was subject to expert judgment, and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Data collection began in Spain on July 20, 2022, and the study concluded in May 2023.

Results: Fifty women responded. 74% claimed to have experienced some form of cyberbullying, with denigration being more common than identity theft. Regarding the consequences of these acts, 32% reported having suffered from a depressive and/or anxious condition related to this situation. In terms of general conditions, discouragement, stress, and anxiety stood out above the rest.

Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of increasing research in this area due to the serious consequences it can have on health. It is essential to approach this issue with the initiative to eliminate the currently ingrained routine nature and prevent the emergence of victims and aggressors, especially among younger individuals.

Objective: This study sought to understand the performance of the Mutual Societies in Spain between 2012 and 2022 through three objectives: to evaluate their relative efficiency; to analyze the evolution of their performance over time; and to determine which external or environmental factors influenced their efficiency levels within the context in which they operate.

Methods: All the Mutual Societies operating in Spain were analyzed using the non-parametric technique of Data Envelopment Analysis and the super-efficiency model during the 2012-2022 period. Additionally, the analysis was complemented by applying the Malmquist Productivity Index to study the evolution of their performance over time, as well as the Simar and Wilson procedure to identify the drivers of efficiency.

Results: The Mutual Societies presented an average efficiency level of 0.9 throughout the entire period, and by the end of it, half had reached the production frontier. Similarly, it was observed that operational efficiency was the main factor that kept the mutual societies competitive. Key determinants of efficiency and super-efficiency included the proportion of members in the special agricultural regime, the social cost of incidence, and geographical location.

Conclusions: Efficiency is a defining characteristic of the Mutual Societies, though there remains room for improvement within such a socially and economically significant sector. This study provides strategic recommendations for optimizing efficiency and emphasizes the need for greater transparency in data publication.

Objective: In Colombia, the highest prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity occurs in rural areas, presenting gaps depending on the region. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to analyze the nutritional situation and food insecurity of rural households with children under five years of age on eastern colombian region.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study derived from the National Nutritional Situation Survey (ENSIN) 2015 was carried out. The sample included 487 rural households with children under five years of age. Nutritional status, socioeconomic factors and food insecurity were characterized. Univariate and bivariate analyses was also performed to determine the association between variables.

Results: Acute malnutrition in the region was 1.4%, while stunting was 11.5%. In the households, 38.6% had a schooling level between complete Primary and incomplete Secondary; the 45.8% were made up of two to four people; 32.2% and 79.7% did not have aqueduct to obtain drinking water and sewage systems respectively. Food insecurity was 61.8% and 74.4% of these insecure households have undertaken some coping strategy.

Conclusions: A high prevalence of acute malnutrition and stunting is found in rural eastern Colombia, and food insecurity in the region is associated with socioeconomic factors such as educational level of the head of household and household size.

Objective: A high percentage of medication errors are preventable; therefore, institutions are constantly striving to try to reduce them. When errors occur with high-risk medications, the possibility of causing serious harm to the patient increases, making the implementation of safe practices essential to try to avoid them. The main objective of the study was to establish in a second-level hospital, and especially in Pediatrics, practices for the safe management of these drugs at all stages of their handling.

Methods: The study was developed in three phases: pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention. The implementation was quantitatively evaluated with process indicators and with items from the Hospital Medication Utilization System Safety Self-Assessment Questionnaire; the results obtained were validated by statistical analysis, using Chi-square test of homogeneity, Fisher's exact test, chi-square goodness of fit test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Student's t-test.

Results: Actions were implemented to allow a safer management of high-risk medications, such as creating a defined list in the hospital, eliminating unnecessary presentations, avoiding isoappearance, identifying them correctly, including alerts, among others. After implementation, the stipulated quantitative indicators improved in a statistically significant manner, demonstrating a relevant impact of the interventions performed. The median percentage improvement for the expected frequencies of indicator 3 was 83.77%. All items evaluated in the Self-Assessment Questionnaire improved.

Conclusions: This implementation serves to improve the management of high-risk medications in the hospital, increasing the safety of the processes. It can serve as a basis for other hospitals that need to add interventions to improve patient safety.

Objective: Down Syndrome (DS) causes an increase in morbidity due to different organs and systems failures that, together with the increase in life expectancy, cause an increase in the use of health services. The aim of this study was to describe the use of Andalusian Health Service (AHS) resources by DS people in the year 2022.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study, with quantitative methodology, of the use of health services of people with DS who used the AHS during the year 2022 was carried out.

Results: The number of people with DS who used AHS during 2022 was 6,851 (8.2/10,000 AHS users); 49.8% of them were women. A total of 89,836 primary care consultations and 21,776 hospital outpatient consultations by DS were carried, which represents an average attendance per person with DS of 13.1 and 3.2 consultations, respectively. The most frequent outpatient consultations of people with DS were in Pediatrics (17.1%), Ophthalmology (11.4%) and Otorhinolaryngology (7.1%) specialities. During 2022, there were a total of 908 hospitalizations in people with DS (frequency of 13.3/100 users). The most frequent cause of admission were respiratory diseases.

Conclusions: The analysis of the frequentation of health services by people with DS provides relevant information for the planning of public health resources in terms of specialised training, multidisciplinary teams, design of protocols and referral circuits, as well as design of public policies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the exclusion and/or types of inclusion of a sex and gender perspective in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in order to highlight the lack of this perspective, derived from historically male-centered model of knowledge, which is changing due to the awareness of addressing health differences between people.

Methods: A systematic search tool for web documents (scraping) was applied to analyze the CPGs catalogue of the National Health System (by GuíaSalud) automatically and free of researcher bias. Scraping was able to search key words and contextualize them within the document. A quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out on the output databases.

Results: From 21 CPGs reviewed, 11 did not incorporate evidence on differences or similarities between men and women. Those that included some evidence did so in different ways: 2 excluded men, 1 included examples of sex, gender and intersectionality, 3 included sex or gender evidence, 3 used gender marked language, and 1 showed intersectionality without a sex/gender focus in its wording.

Conclusions: The 10 guidelines with sex and gender inclusion differ in what they consider important to evidence on health variations of the population related to sex, gender and intersectionality. Significantly, the inclusion of sex and gender seems to respond to the fact that the guide poses a relevant research question.