Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

The Madrid Gazette published a Supplement on October 14, 1806, regarding the arrival of the Director of the Royal Expedition Vaccine Philanthropy, Francisco Xavier Balmis, and the reception held by King Carlos IV. Balmis had completed his journey across the Spanish overseas territories, taking the vaccine against smallpox from arm to arm with the help of a human chain of children. During this journey, Balmis also established Vaccination Boards and endeavoured to identify cows with cowpox. The publication endorsed the policies of a declining Bourbon monarchy and marked the peak of Balmis' professional career. Both sides emerged victorious: the Crown showcased itself as the sponsor and organiser of this altruistic journey, in line with prior scientific expeditions; and Balmis secured his place in Public Health history as the director of the first international vaccination campaign. This did not mean the culmination of the expedition, as other members were still administering vaccinations in the Philippines and South America. The main objective of this study was to assess the importance of the newspaper Madrid Gazette, outline the contents of the publication, authenticate the origins of the documentary sources underpinning its composition, and confirm its impact and citations throughout 19th-century Spanish publications. The components of the publication, its origins, as well as Balmis' involvement in its creation, have been substantiated. The Supplement's importance is defined by its utility as a resource for commemorating and appreciating the expedition.

Objective: A common consultation since the beginning of the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 was related to people with a history of allergy to drugs or other vaccines. The objective of the study was to describe what happened after the administration of the vaccine against COVID-19 in people with a history of moderate and severe allergy, vaccinated against COVID-19 in a Primary Care Emergency Center (PCEC).

Methods: Observational descriptive study with sixty-four people with a history of moderate and severe allergy was carried out, vaccinated in PCEP, between May and October 2021, in the Barcelonés Nord and Maresme (Barcelona province), after assessment by primary care pharmacologists and pharmacists. The percentage of people with adverse events that occurred after vaccination during their stay in the PCEP, the types detected and severity were calculated. Subsequently, a telephone survey was conducted to determine patient satisfaction. A descriptive analysis (calculation of proportions) was performed.

Results: The mean age of 49.7 years (from twelve to ninety-four years) and 90.6% were women. 87.5% of the administered vaccines were Comirnaty®. Adverse events occurring after vaccination were detected in fifteen patients (23.4%), of whom four (6.25%) were manifestations of hypersensitivity, all classified as mild. The reasons for vaccination were a history of allergy to NSAIDs (45.3%), antibiotics (32.8%), analgesics (17.2%), vaccines (28.1%), other substances (40.6%) and anaphylaxis (26.6%). The degree of general satisfaction was 9.11 (out of 10).

Conclusions: The percentage of patients with a history of anaphylaxis and allergic drug reactions who present hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines is 6.25% and all are mild.

Objective: The most common cause of shoulder pain is clinical pictures related to rotator cuff problems. One of the most common treatments is arthroscopic surgery. The objective was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients undergoing this type of surgery in Spain.

Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study with ninety participants was carried out. Data on age, sex, performance of work activity with overuse of upper limbs, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, diagnosis of diabetes, performance of physical-sports activity and history of pre-surgical treatments were collected. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the variables and an analysis of correlations were carried out, using the Pearson and Spearman statistical test according to the type of variable.

Results: The mean age was 57.21 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 8.5 (95% CI, 55.41-59.00). Regarding their BMI, the mean was 28.49 with a SD of 4.9 (95% CI, 27.49-29.53), with 35.6% being obese (BMI greater than 30). The medical diagnosis of the subjects was 51.1% total rotator cuff tear. On the other hand, the intensity of physical activity was one hour or less per week in 87.8% of the sample. Finally, in relation to the previous physiotherapy treatment, 69.7% of the subjects had received some type of intervention.

Conclusions: The demographic and clinical characteristics found are consistent with those of other previously studied populations, and the association factors between them endorse the previously mentioned risk factors, with advanced age gaining special importance.

Objective: Health communication aims to modify attitudes and behaviors, which is why it uses, among others, persuasive strategies and the use of cognitive biases. Both elements have been investigated in previous studies, however, no research precedents have been found that evaluate government messages from both perspectives at the same time. The objective of this research was to analyze the type of information related to the COVID-19 vaccination that was distributed on the official page of the Government of Spain, evaluating its persuasive capacity and the use of cognitive biases as tools against vaccination reluctance.

Methods: The information from the official page on vaccination of COVID-19 of the Government of Spain was analysed, taking into account both its structure and the content of the information. Special attention was paid to the communication strategy developed to develop pro-vaccine messages.

Results: First, the information coming from the Government was presented in a concise, clear and simple way on a well-structured webpage. Second, the content shared revolved around certain recurring themes such as the benefits and the vaccination process. Third, the content had a highly scientific nature and was supported by arguments to overthrow cognitive biases against vaccination. Lastly, the communication strategy was based on content that were more informative (rational) than persuasive (emotional).

Conclusions: Knowing the techniques of persuasion and the implication of cognitive biases, especially in the area of vaccination, will help guide communication strategies in Public Health.

Objective: Tobacco is the most consumed drug in the world and each year it causes the death of more than eight million people. The pharmacist is the healthcare professional most accessible to smokers, therefore they are essential in the treatment and prevention of smoking. The study´s aim was to implement a multidisciplinary anti-smoking program in a pharmacy and evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical care on smoking cessation.

Methods: The study was carried out in two army pharmacies located in Spain and Lebanon in which a smoking cessation plan was developed in 2020 and 2021. As the requirements for participants selection, all those patients in the area of influence of pharmacies that agreed to participate in the program were accepted, with a sample size of thirty-eight people. The patients underwent an addiction, motivation and smoking habit test, and a descriptive analysis of the data provided was carried out, using the chi-square test for the comparison of values. Only those with a probability value less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant.

Results: The multidisciplinary work allowed treatment with prescription drugs. The study shows that 63% of patients managed to quit smoking.

Conclusions: Pharmacies can implement and lead smoking cessation programs that facilitate cessation and adherence to treatments. The classification of patients according to their history of smoking is key to carrying out an adequate and personalized treatment.

Objective: The population's mental health has been compromised by a global pandemic, especially in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet and Medline between the months of January and May 2023. Method quality was assessed based on the critical evaluation tools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

Results: A total of twelve studies were included in this review. The mental health of the population has been compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder being especially affected. Although there was a wide variability of results, it was observed that the level of stress and anxiety increased during the pandemic.

Conclusions: The mental health of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, especially washing machine patients, is compromised in times of pandemic, presenting medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression.

Objective: Pleural mesothelioma is a neoplasm almost exclusively attributed to occupational exposure to asbestos and is legally considered an occupational disease. Nevertheless, only a few cases achieve that official recognition. The objective of this work was to describe and analyse this issue, and to identify the major obstacles to its recognition.

Methods: A descriptive and retrospective epidemiological study of data was carried out, including figures and some characteristics, of all patients with pleural mesothelioma registered in the official health and labor registries of the Valencian Community from 2012 to 2018, using frequencies, proportions, and incidence rates.

Results: There were large differences between the two sets of data collected in the different registries, especially regarding the number of cases. During the seven years of data examined, 590 pleural mesotheliomas were diagnosed in the Valencian public health system. Of these, the number of cases that were related to occupational exposure was at least 437. Despite the legal duty of doctors to report such cases, only 31 were reported as suspected occupational disease (7.09%), of which only 13 were ultimately officially recognized as such. It was estimated that the annual economic overcost to the public system of unrecognised patients with this occupational disease by was 2,2270,520 euros.

Conclusions: Only a small proportion of occupational mesotheliomas are officially recognized as such. This has important health care and economic repercussions for the individuals involved as well as for the public health system.

Objective: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal, and dietary exposure is the main one in humans, especially fish consumption. In order to reduce Hg exposure, maximum levels in fish products have been established. We aimed to describe total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in fish species consumed in Comunitat Valenciana, as well as factors associated and their tendency during the period 2011-2017.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of Hg levels in fish meat samples in Comunitat Valenciana between 2011 and 2017 and their temporal trend was carried out, both in general and by fish groups. Data comes from Generalitat Valenciana's Health Surveillance of Food Program. We created multivariate linear regression models to evaluate the association between sampling year, fish group and origin and THg (n=560) / MeHg (n=206) concentrations. The average annual trend of THg and MeHg levels throughout the period was evaluated.

Results: The median was 0.20 mg/kg for THg and 0.14 mg/kg for MeHg. Swordfish, fresh tuna/albacore and canned tuna, in that order, showed the highest concentrations. Global tendency of THg levels was descending when adjusting by swordfish annual percentage. When we analized the tendency in swordfish, we observed a 7% decrease on average per year.

Conclusions: Global temporal trend of THg levels in fish in Comunitat Valenciana during the period 2011-2017 is descending after adjusting by the relative weight of swordfish over the total number of samples by year. We observe a descending tendency when studied by species (swordfish).

Objective: The PaRIS Survey is an initiative led by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in twenty-one countries, including Spain, to promote people-centred health care. The objective of the study aimed to describe PROMS and PREMS (Patient Reported Outcomes and Experience Measures, respectively) from patients who were in contact with Primary Care Centres, in order to establish a set of reliable, valid and internationally comparable indicators.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with two questionnaires will be carried out: one applied online for professionals from Primary Care Centres and another by telephone or online for patients aged forty-five and older of the same Health Care Centres. The domains covered are: characteristics of the Health Centre and of the professionals; sociodemographic characteristics of the patients; lifestyles; health care capacities; PROMs and PREMs.

Conclusions: The study offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the health outcomes and experiences of the care received in Primary Care from patient's perspective. This information is essential to help policymakers better understand the performance of their health system and how it could be improved, particularly in relation to chronic care in Primary Care.