Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181da4131
V. Carroll
How are humans different from other animals? What unique characteristics set us apart from other mammals? Language? Many other mammalsV dolphins, chimps, dogsVcommunicate in meaningful ways with each other. Tools? Again, many other mammals use tools in their every day lives. Emotions? We observe behaviors in other mammals that appear similar to human emotion. The Public Broadcasting System recently aired a seriesVBThe Human Spark[Vthat examines these questions. In the three-part series, host Alan Alda joins neuroscientists, archeologists, and primatologists as they try to explain the nature of Bhuman uniqueness.[Using state-of-the-art, high-tech imaging techniques as well as low-tech but scientifically sound laboratory studies of primates, dogs, and human children, scientists examine the ways in which we are similar and those in which we differ. Some of the early evidence of human uniqueness exists in the cave paintings found in southern France. Thirty thousand years ago, our Neanderthal predecessors created extraordinary art that demonstrates imagination, representational thinking, and perhaps a sense of spirituality that we share. Archeological evidence indicates that the Neanderthals lived cooperatively within some sort of social network. However, the Neanderthal line did not survive, leading scientists to ask what really makes us different. Brain size alone? Spoken language or other means of social communication? Better cognitive sequencing? Alda observed the chimps and participated in experiments with them; he and the researchers studying these primates observed the continuity and discontinuity between their skills and ours. Chimps Bmake[ tools and use them efficiently, but they do not save the tools for future, repeated use as we do. Chimps live in social networks that include empathy and cooperation, but these traits are limitedVfor example, sharing food rewards occurs rarely despite nonverbal cues from others in the network. They do not seem to attend to the concerns of others in the group; social understanding is limited. The story of the FOXP2 gene may explain how we made the neurological Bjump[ that explains our uniqueness. Human cognition and abstract thought rely on language. In 1995, Vargha-Khadem et al. published an article that investigated a familial language disorder, a verbal apraxia, linked to a bilateral reduction in the size of affected individuals’ caudate nucleus. Six years later, other researchers announced that they had linked a mutation in a single gene to this language disorder. Named FOXP2, this gene contains a forkhead domain that facilitates transcription fromDNA to RNA. Human FOXP2 differs from chimp FOXP2 in two amino acids; these mutations occurred between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago and have been critical for the development of human speech and the evolution of languageVcritical components of human uniqueness. Language and speech provide us with representational thinking and the ability to conceptualize what ot
{"title":"Insight and imagination.","authors":"V. Carroll","doi":"10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181da4131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181da4131","url":null,"abstract":"How are humans different from other animals? What unique characteristics set us apart from other mammals? Language? Many other mammalsV dolphins, chimps, dogsVcommunicate in meaningful ways with each other. Tools? Again, many other mammals use tools in their every day lives. Emotions? We observe behaviors in other mammals that appear similar to human emotion. The Public Broadcasting System recently aired a seriesVBThe Human Spark[Vthat examines these questions. In the three-part series, host Alan Alda joins neuroscientists, archeologists, and primatologists as they try to explain the nature of Bhuman uniqueness.[Using state-of-the-art, high-tech imaging techniques as well as low-tech but scientifically sound laboratory studies of primates, dogs, and human children, scientists examine the ways in which we are similar and those in which we differ. Some of the early evidence of human uniqueness exists in the cave paintings found in southern France. Thirty thousand years ago, our Neanderthal predecessors created extraordinary art that demonstrates imagination, representational thinking, and perhaps a sense of spirituality that we share. Archeological evidence indicates that the Neanderthals lived cooperatively within some sort of social network. However, the Neanderthal line did not survive, leading scientists to ask what really makes us different. Brain size alone? Spoken language or other means of social communication? Better cognitive sequencing? Alda observed the chimps and participated in experiments with them; he and the researchers studying these primates observed the continuity and discontinuity between their skills and ours. Chimps Bmake[ tools and use them efficiently, but they do not save the tools for future, repeated use as we do. Chimps live in social networks that include empathy and cooperation, but these traits are limitedVfor example, sharing food rewards occurs rarely despite nonverbal cues from others in the network. They do not seem to attend to the concerns of others in the group; social understanding is limited. The story of the FOXP2 gene may explain how we made the neurological Bjump[ that explains our uniqueness. Human cognition and abstract thought rely on language. In 1995, Vargha-Khadem et al. published an article that investigated a familial language disorder, a verbal apraxia, linked to a bilateral reduction in the size of affected individuals’ caudate nucleus. Six years later, other researchers announced that they had linked a mutation in a single gene to this language disorder. Named FOXP2, this gene contains a forkhead domain that facilitates transcription fromDNA to RNA. Human FOXP2 differs from chimp FOXP2 in two amino acids; these mutations occurred between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago and have been critical for the development of human speech and the evolution of languageVcritical components of human uniqueness. Language and speech provide us with representational thinking and the ability to conceptualize what ot","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"25 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73825072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181ee513e
V. Carroll
{"title":"\"Once upon a time...\"--narrative in nursing.","authors":"V. Carroll","doi":"10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181ee513e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181ee513e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"7 1","pages":"235-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181f961b6
V. Carroll
{"title":"Leading by example...and with evidence.","authors":"V. Carroll","doi":"10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181f961b6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181f961b6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"57 1","pages":"301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83978576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1097/JNN.0B013E3181B7052E
M. McNett, K. Lawry
{"title":"Research and quality improvement activities: when is institutional review board review needed?","authors":"M. McNett, K. Lawry","doi":"10.1097/JNN.0B013E3181B7052E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0B013E3181B7052E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"1 1","pages":"344-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88782088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181a41eeb
V. Carroll
{"title":"Oh, nurse, where art thou?","authors":"V. Carroll","doi":"10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181a41eeb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181a41eeb","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"86 1 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88539406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0b013e31819c48fd
V. Carroll
{"title":"Healthcare reform--the time is now.","authors":"V. Carroll","doi":"10.1097/jnn.0b013e31819c48fd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0b013e31819c48fd","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"98 2 1","pages":"57-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80984591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1097/JNN.0B013E318193457C
Beka Serdans
{"title":"DBS: uncharted territory--a nurse's perspective.","authors":"Beka Serdans","doi":"10.1097/JNN.0B013E318193457C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0B013E318193457C","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"60 1","pages":"53-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76021895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1097/01376517-200812000-00002
J. Woods
{"title":"Neuroscience nursing: where do we go from here?","authors":"J. Woods","doi":"10.1097/01376517-200812000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01376517-200812000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"22 1","pages":"325, 375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77504308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1097/01.HTR.0000336876.99972.CD
E. Bay, A. Sikorskii, Denise Saint-Arnault
The purpose of this secondary data analysis, guided by allostatic load theory, was to compare depressive symptoms and their correlates in men and women following mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (n = 159). Using general linear modeling procedures in the Statistical Analysis Software, women reported significantly higher Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scores compared with men. According to the Neurobehavioral Functioning inventory subscales, women also reported higher somatic and motor symptoms and difficulties with memory and cognition. Further, women within the first 6 months of their injury reported higher levels of depressive and depressive-somatic symptoms, perceived chronic stress, pain, memory difficulties, and somatic symptoms. These findings were no longer present at the 6- to 12-month or >12-month cutoffs. Women's depressive symptoms during the early recovery period are explained by higher symptom loads and perceived stress, yet mechanisms responsible for these differences remain to be elucidated. Future research is needed to describe hormonal, perceptual, or brain structure differences that may account for these findings. Findings from such research will most likely to contribute to our understanding of postconcussion syndrome.
{"title":"Sex differences in depressive symptoms and their correlates after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.","authors":"E. Bay, A. Sikorskii, Denise Saint-Arnault","doi":"10.1097/01.HTR.0000336876.99972.CD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HTR.0000336876.99972.CD","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this secondary data analysis, guided by allostatic load theory, was to compare depressive symptoms and their correlates in men and women following mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (n = 159). Using general linear modeling procedures in the Statistical Analysis Software, women reported significantly higher Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scores compared with men. According to the Neurobehavioral Functioning inventory subscales, women also reported higher somatic and motor symptoms and difficulties with memory and cognition. Further, women within the first 6 months of their injury reported higher levels of depressive and depressive-somatic symptoms, perceived chronic stress, pain, memory difficulties, and somatic symptoms. These findings were no longer present at the 6- to 12-month or >12-month cutoffs. Women's depressive symptoms during the early recovery period are explained by higher symptom loads and perceived stress, yet mechanisms responsible for these differences remain to be elucidated. Future research is needed to describe hormonal, perceptual, or brain structure differences that may account for these findings. Findings from such research will most likely to contribute to our understanding of postconcussion syndrome.","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"1 1","pages":"298-309; quiz 310-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89644734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-01DOI: 10.1097/01376517-200806000-00004
R. Jepson, Kurt Despain, D. Keller
The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association has recognized unilateral neglect (UN) as a nursing diagnosis for more than 2 decades. Such a designation implies that nurses primarily are responsible for assessing, treating, and researching the disorder. However, nurses have made few documented contributions toward this responsibility. Although UN is a complex problem that requires attention from several specialties, there is room for nurses to substantially increase their role. Nurses are uniquely positioned to assess and treat UN by virtue of their interaction with patients in a variety of times, settings, and activities. Nurses need to develop quantifiable measures of clinical observation that are reliable and valid in nursing practice. This article reviews the literature to examine the impact of UN, existing assessment methods, and nursing involvement in assessment and treatment. Potential nursing contributions in practice and research are featured as well.
{"title":"Unilateral neglect: assessment in nursing practice.","authors":"R. Jepson, Kurt Despain, D. Keller","doi":"10.1097/01376517-200806000-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01376517-200806000-00004","url":null,"abstract":"The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association has recognized unilateral neglect (UN) as a nursing diagnosis for more than 2 decades. Such a designation implies that nurses primarily are responsible for assessing, treating, and researching the disorder. However, nurses have made few documented contributions toward this responsibility. Although UN is a complex problem that requires attention from several specialties, there is room for nurses to substantially increase their role. Nurses are uniquely positioned to assess and treat UN by virtue of their interaction with patients in a variety of times, settings, and activities. Nurses need to develop quantifiable measures of clinical observation that are reliable and valid in nursing practice. This article reviews the literature to examine the impact of UN, existing assessment methods, and nursing involvement in assessment and treatment. Potential nursing contributions in practice and research are featured as well.","PeriodicalId":94240,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses","volume":"26 1","pages":"142-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75055226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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