Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology最新文献

Arthritic diseases are a significant global health challenge, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates for treating various intractable diseases. This review explores the therapeutic potential of engineered EVs in joint diseases, particularly in comparison to their parental stem cells. Recent research underscores the efficacy of EVs in treating joint diseases, especially Osteoarthritis (OA). We discuss EV engineering strategies aimed at overcoming the limitations of natural EVs. Data from preclinical trials, clinical studies, and in vitro and in vivo reports are analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of EVs in treating joint conditions. In addition to their role in intercellular communication, EVs influence various biological processes crucial for bone remodeling, cartilage regeneration, immunomodulation, and inflammation control. EVs are rich in vital biomolecules such as proteins, microRNAs (miRNA), lipids, and nucleic acids, which enhance their therapeutic potential compared to parental stem cells. This understanding is key to developing targeted and effective engineered EVs for OA and other joint diseases. A comprehensive grasp of EV engineering and underlying mechanisms will pave the way for novel and efficient therapies for arthritic diseases and related conditions. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.

Fluorescent nanodiamonds exhibiting outstanding optical and biocompatible properties are the subject of increased studies and attention in physics and biology. The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds with unique quantum properties at room temperature is sensitive to physical properties such as magnetic field, electric field, temperature, and pressure. By taking advantage of the NV center and high sensitivity that arises from the intrinsic quantum properties of spins in nanodiamonds, which are extensively employed in quantum sensing, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing. In this review, the selected topic mainly focuses on the surface functionalization of nanodiamonds and the recent progress in applying nanodiamonds as quantum sensors for intracellular orientation tracking, temperature sensing, and notably nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance applications.

The rising challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections poses a severe threat to global health, highlighting the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. Bacteriophages, viruses specifically targeting and destroying bacteria, have emerged as a promising solution. However, their therapeutic application faces significant hurdles, including sensitivity to the immune system, limited stability, and challenges in effectively reaching infection sites. Multifunctional nanocarriers offer a cutting-edge approach to address these limitations. These nanoscale delivery systems protect bacteriophages from degradation, enhance their stability, and enable precise release at the infection site. Certain nanocarriers are engineered to respond to specific physiological conditions, such as pH or temperature, and can be combined with additional therapies, like antibiotics, for synergistic effects. Moreover, they hold the potential for real-time infection tracking and treatment monitoring, aligning with the goals of personalized medicine. This review highlights the synergistic potential of nanotechnology and bacteriophage therapy in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. By overcoming critical barriers to bacteriophage application, multifunctional nanocarriers represent a transformative advancement in the fight against drug-resistant infections. Furthermore, their ability to enhance treatment efficacy and outcomes establishes them as an essential innovation in advancing global health solutions.

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) emerge as a promising material in the realm of nanotechnology, boasting a unique combination of compatibility with living tissues, adaptable characteristics, and easily customizable surfaces, making them an attractive foundation for innovative cancer therapies. SiNPs permit the efficient loading of therapeutic agents, nucleic acids, and imaging agents, leveraging their structural design for enhanced payload capacity. The ability to precisely tune their dimensions, morphology, and surface properties allows controlled regulation of drug release timing and localization, thereby improving therapeutic precision and reducing unintended impacts on healthy tissues. Surface functionalization with ligands, antibodies, or peptides facilitates active targeting of cancer cells, boosting tumor-specific drug accumulation and reducing systemic toxicity. Beyond drug delivery, SiNPs excel in photothermal and photodynamic therapies. The light-responsive nature of these nanoparticles facilitates efficient photon-to-energy conversion, generating localized hyperthermia or cytotoxic reactive species for selective tumor ablation. Additionally, their dual role as contrast enhancers in imaging techniques like MRI and fluorescence enables real-time visualization of therapeutic response and tumor dynamics. Despite their promise, challenges like durable biological compatibility, immune system reactions, and scalable production need further development for clinical use. Ongoing studies prioritize optimizing nanostructure architecture, surface functionalization, and formulation methodologies to overcome existing challenges. In summary, SiNPs signify pioneering advancements in precision oncology, offering tailored therapeutic strategies. Their versatility enables multimodal therapies and image-guided treatments and minimizes adverse effects. Collaborative interdisciplinary efforts and continuous innovation are essential to unlocking their full capabilities, driving the development of next-generation precision oncology tailored to improve patient prognosis.

The cosmetic industry has developed and commercialized numerous products using new technologies, making them increasingly appealing to the public. The use of metallic nanoparticles (MtNPs) as key ingredients in cosmetics has become more widespread due to their demonstrated benefits. However, the use of these products remains controversial, as some studies have shown that MtNPs can penetrate the deeper layers of the skin and disrupt homeostatic balance. It has also been demonstrated that the interaction between MtNPs and keratinocytes increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to oxidative stress, a condition associated with premature aging. Mitochondria, as the main organelles responsible for energy production, also provide and maintain the regulatory mechanisms necessary for keratinocytes to sustain a strong protective barrier against environmental threats including MtNPs. To date, the relationship between redox imbalance, premature aging, and the central role of mitochondria remains under investigation due to the fact that mitochondrial metabolism, linked to increased oxidative stress, is associated with the development of various defense mechanisms, including antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress generated in mitochondria and the function of antioxidant enzymes in detoxifying metal ions from MtNPs contained in cosmetics. We examine their effects on keratinocytes and the potential for premature aging.

Oral diseases, characterized by a high incidence rate and significant impact on patients' quality of life, have emerged as a pressing global health concern amidst escalating societal pressures. Advancements in advanced materials are crucial for the prevention, detection, and treatment of most oral diseases due to their heavy reliance on materials. Nanotechnology has facilitated the development of various nanomaterial-based preparations that have garnered considerable attention in stomatology due to their inherent advantages such as enhanced biosafety, multifunctionality, and targeted therapy capabilities. Responsive nanomaterials offer a breakthrough solution to overcome limitations associated with drug release kinetics, leading to reduced effective drug concentrations while simultaneously exhibiting antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, osteogenic properties along with remineralization functions within safe parameters. Substantial progress has been made towards the long-term prevention and treatment of oral diseases through these responsive nanomaterials. This review begins by elucidating the response mechanisms underlying nanomaterials, followed by an overview of their applications in treating oral diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced and future directions for utilizing advanced materials in addressing treatments for oral diseases. The insights provided herein hold significant implications for both basic research endeavors and clinical translation within stomatology.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a transformative technique for molecular identification, offering exceptional sensitivity, signal specificity, and resistance to photobleaching, making it invaluable for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and spectroscopy-guided surgeries. Unlike traditional Raman spectroscopy, which relies on weak scattering signals, SERS amplifies Raman signals using plasmonic nanoparticles, enabling highly sensitive molecular detection. This technological advancement has led to the development of SERS nanotags with remarkable multiplexing capabilities for biosensing applications. Recent progress has expanded the use of SERS nanotags in bioimaging, theranostics, and more recently, liquid biopsy. The distinction between SERS and conventional Raman spectroscopy is highlighted, followed by an exploration of the molecular assembly of SERS nanotags. Significant progress in bioimaging is summarized, including in vitro studies on 2D/3D cell cultures, ex vivo tissue imaging, in vivo diagnostics, spectroscopic-guided surgery for tumor margin delineation, and liquid biopsy tools for detecting cancer and SARS-CoV-2. A particular focus is the integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms to boost SERS nanotag efficacy in liquid biopsies. Finally, it addresses the challenges in the clinical translation of SERS nanotags and offers strategies to overcome these obstacles.

Islet transplantation represents a promising curative approach for type 1 diabetes by restoring glucose-responsive insulin secretion. However, the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection can lead to significant side effects. Emerging strategies such as microencapsulation, nanoencapsulation, and hypoimmune engineering are being developed to protect transplanted islets from immune attack, thereby enhancing their viability and function. This review critically examines these innovative technologies, highlighting the methodologies, materials, experimental and clinical outcomes, as well as the challenges they face and potential solutions to overcome those challenges.

The Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (NCL) is a US federally funded resource providing characterization and expertise to the cancer nanomedicine research community. Founded as a formal partnership among the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the NCL has spent two decades developing a one-of-a-kind service with broad multidisciplinary expertise to meet the needs of a rapidly evolving drug development field. To mark the 20th anniversary of the lab's founding, the NCL hosted a symposium to highlight the achievements of the cancer nanomedicine field, showcase novel, next-generation nanotechnology research, and discuss future priorities to enable continued growth in combating cancer and the complexities associated with treating a disease that continues to take millions of lives annually. The discussion topics from this event are summarized.

Recently, a growing need for sustainable materials in various industries, especially biomedical, environmental, and packaging applications, has been observed. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a versatile and widely used polymer, valued for its biocompatibility, water solubility, and easy processing, e.g., forming nanofibers via electrospinning. As a result of cross-linking, PVA turns into a three-dimensional structure-hydrogel with unusual sorption properties and mimicry of biological tissues. However, traditional cross-linking methods often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions, which can limit its eco-friendly potential and raise concerns about environmental impact. "Green" cross-linking approaches, such as the use of natural cross-linkers, freeze-thawing, enzymatic processes, irradiation, heat treatment, or immersion in alcohol, offer an environmentally friendly alternative that aligns with global trends toward sustainability. These methods not only reduce the use of harmful substances but also enhance the biodegradability and safety of the materials. By reviewing and analyzing the latest advancements in "green" PVA cross-linking approaches, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current techniques, their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. The main emphasis is placed on PVA nanostructured forms and applications of PVA-based biomaterials in areas such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, biological filters, and biosensors. Moreover, this article will contribute to the broader scientific understanding of how the materials based on PVA can be optimized both in terms of "greener" and safer production, as well as adjusting the final platform properties.