Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_170_23
N. Haridas, Wesley P. Jose, M. Rakesh
{"title":"Retrospective observational real-world data on squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal from South India","authors":"N. Haridas, Wesley P. Jose, M. Rakesh","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_170_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_170_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89140963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pathological complete response (pCR), defined as non-invasive or in situ disease in the breast and regional lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) predicts oncologic outcomes. Objectives: The primary objective was to study the impact of pCR on survival in patients with breast cancer. The secondary objective was to assess the pCR rates in various intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted between 2015 and 2020 in the Department of Radiotherapy at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care institution in Kolkata in eastern India, in women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who received NACT. Patients were categorized based on age, menopausal status, and tumor characteristics, including stage, grade, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The pCR rate was assessed, along with the median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 251 patients (median age, 50 years; interquartile range, 43–57) were enrolled; 42 (16.7%) attained a pCR. Among the patients who attained a pCR, 7 (16.7%) had Luminal A, 8 (19.0%) had Luminal B, 14 (33.3%) had triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 13 (31%) had HER2-positive disease. The median DFS for the entire cohort was 65 months (95% CI, 59.7–70.3); the median OS was not reached. The 5-year DFS in patients who attained a pCR was 67% compared to 52% in those who did not; P = 0.04. The 5-year OS was 92% and 74% in patients who attained a pCR and those who did not, respectively; P = 0.024. Conclusion: Patients with LABC who attain a pCR following NACT have better survival, both DFS and OS, compared to those who do not. The implications of this are particularly relevant in patients with HER2 enriched and triple negative breast cancer and are crucial in guiding the intensification of therapy in the adjuvant setting.
{"title":"The impact of pathological complete response on survival in patients with breast cancer and occurrence in different intrinsic subtypes: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Anupama Radhakrishnan, Pritha Roy, Krishnangshu Chowdhury, Ritam Joarder, Partha Dasgupta","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_286_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_286_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pathological complete response (pCR), defined as non-invasive or in situ disease in the breast and regional lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) predicts oncologic outcomes. Objectives: The primary objective was to study the impact of pCR on survival in patients with breast cancer. The secondary objective was to assess the pCR rates in various intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted between 2015 and 2020 in the Department of Radiotherapy at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care institution in Kolkata in eastern India, in women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who received NACT. Patients were categorized based on age, menopausal status, and tumor characteristics, including stage, grade, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The pCR rate was assessed, along with the median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 251 patients (median age, 50 years; interquartile range, 43–57) were enrolled; 42 (16.7%) attained a pCR. Among the patients who attained a pCR, 7 (16.7%) had Luminal A, 8 (19.0%) had Luminal B, 14 (33.3%) had triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 13 (31%) had HER2-positive disease. The median DFS for the entire cohort was 65 months (95% CI, 59.7–70.3); the median OS was not reached. The 5-year DFS in patients who attained a pCR was 67% compared to 52% in those who did not; P = 0.04. The 5-year OS was 92% and 74% in patients who attained a pCR and those who did not, respectively; P = 0.024. Conclusion: Patients with LABC who attain a pCR following NACT have better survival, both DFS and OS, compared to those who do not. The implications of this are particularly relevant in patients with HER2 enriched and triple negative breast cancer and are crucial in guiding the intensification of therapy in the adjuvant setting.","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75273907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_184_23
Srigadha Vivek Kumar, V. Noronha, K. Prabhash
{"title":"Authors' reply to Bhattacharya","authors":"Srigadha Vivek Kumar, V. Noronha, K. Prabhash","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_184_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_184_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75843527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_146_23
S. Saleem, V. Ramanathan, Sudip Bhattacharya
{"title":"So near, yet so far: Uptake of vaccination in older patients with cancer remains elusive in India","authors":"S. Saleem, V. Ramanathan, Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_146_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_146_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83482146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_332_22
R. Thukral, A. Aggarwal, Ajat S. Arora, TapasKumar Dora, S. Sancheti
Background: In patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), chemoradiotherapy improves outcomes. Radiotherapy commonly causes mucositis, which can significantly impede treatment and reduce the patient's quality of life. Patients with severe mucocutaneous toxicity will show significant changes in thermal intensity early on, when compared to identically treated counterparts without toxicity. Objective: We aimed to assess the accuracy of the automated computer-aided deep learning approach in predicting the occurrence of oral mucositis in patients with HNSCC undergoing radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over four weeks in September 2021 in the Department of Radiotherapy at the Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Sangrur (Punjab, India). We enrolled patients with HNSCC who were planned for radical intent radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Using an automated deep learning technique, we analyzed the images taken with a FLIR-E60 thermal camera on the same day that patients received radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. Thermal images were binarily classified into two grades, that is, Grade 0 (absence of mucositis) and Grade I (asymptomatic or mild symptoms of mucositis). The dataset was split into training and testing cohorts, with a split ratio of 0.8. Accuracy was calculated as the ratio of correct predicted or classified instances to the total number of instances in the dataset. Accuracy was categorized as testing accuracy and training accuracy. Results: A total of 386 thermal images from 50 patients were acquired. Of these, 308 images (79.8%) were used for the training set and 78 (20.2%) for the testing set. There were 206 images (53.4%) with Grade 0 mucositis and 180 (46.6%) with Grade I. There was a significant difference in the thermal profile of patients with Grade 0 and Grade I images; P = 0.01. The model achieved promising results with 100% training accuracy and 82% testing accuracy. This led to a significant improvement in the false-negative rate of the proposed model, indicating improved performance. Conclusion: The deep learning approach-based analysis of thermal images can be a useful technique for predicting oral mucositis at an early stage in treatment, thus helping in intensifying supportive care. The model has been tested on a diverse dataset, and its performance in terms of accuracy validates the proposed model.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based prediction of oral mucositis in patients with head-and-neck cancer: A prospective observational study utilizing a thermographic approach","authors":"R. Thukral, A. Aggarwal, Ajat S. Arora, TapasKumar Dora, S. Sancheti","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_332_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_332_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), chemoradiotherapy improves outcomes. Radiotherapy commonly causes mucositis, which can significantly impede treatment and reduce the patient's quality of life. Patients with severe mucocutaneous toxicity will show significant changes in thermal intensity early on, when compared to identically treated counterparts without toxicity. Objective: We aimed to assess the accuracy of the automated computer-aided deep learning approach in predicting the occurrence of oral mucositis in patients with HNSCC undergoing radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over four weeks in September 2021 in the Department of Radiotherapy at the Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Sangrur (Punjab, India). We enrolled patients with HNSCC who were planned for radical intent radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Using an automated deep learning technique, we analyzed the images taken with a FLIR-E60 thermal camera on the same day that patients received radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. Thermal images were binarily classified into two grades, that is, Grade 0 (absence of mucositis) and Grade I (asymptomatic or mild symptoms of mucositis). The dataset was split into training and testing cohorts, with a split ratio of 0.8. Accuracy was calculated as the ratio of correct predicted or classified instances to the total number of instances in the dataset. Accuracy was categorized as testing accuracy and training accuracy. Results: A total of 386 thermal images from 50 patients were acquired. Of these, 308 images (79.8%) were used for the training set and 78 (20.2%) for the testing set. There were 206 images (53.4%) with Grade 0 mucositis and 180 (46.6%) with Grade I. There was a significant difference in the thermal profile of patients with Grade 0 and Grade I images; P = 0.01. The model achieved promising results with 100% training accuracy and 82% testing accuracy. This led to a significant improvement in the false-negative rate of the proposed model, indicating improved performance. Conclusion: The deep learning approach-based analysis of thermal images can be a useful technique for predicting oral mucositis at an early stage in treatment, thus helping in intensifying supportive care. The model has been tested on a diverse dataset, and its performance in terms of accuracy validates the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86521797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Patro, A. Avinash, P. Bhattacharyya, Venkata Reddy Pilaka, Mrutyunjayarao Muvvala, Mohanapriya Atchaiyalingam, Keerthiga Karthikeyan, Kaviya Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, M. Voonna
Background: Interruptions in radiation treatment are known to have a deleterious effect on oncologic outcomes,specifically, an increase in tumor recurrence and decrease in cancer cure rate. Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine the factors influencing radiotherapy interruptions and provide solutions to decrease these dropouts. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted between May 2009 and July 2010 at Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, a tertiary cancer center in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, on patients with histopathologically proven cancer, who were receiving radiation, either as definitive concurrent chemoradiation or in the adjuvant or palliative setting. Before the start and during treatment, patients were counseled by radiation oncologists, radiation coordinators, and radiation therapy technologists. During radiotherapy, an interruption of more than five consecutive days was considered a treatment interruption. Following a treatment interruption, patients were called on the telephone, counseling was done, and the cause of the treatment interruption was recorded and attempts were made to resolve the problem. Results: We enrolled 1200 patients in the study. There were more male (n = 724 [60.4%]) than female (n = 476 [39.6%]) patients. The cohort included 379 patients (31.6%) with carcinoma of the head-and-neck and 301 patients (25.1%) with gynecological malignancies. There were 100 (8.3%) treatment interruptions recorded during the study period. The common causes of radiation interruption were radiation-induced toxicity (n = 20 [20%]), patient death (n = 15 [15%]), financial (n = 15 [15%]), and social (n = 12 [12%]) issues. After counseling over the telephone, treatment could be restarted in 25 (25%) of the 100 patients who had interrupted and stopped radiotherapy. Conclusion: Treatment interruption is relatively common in our patients receiving radiotherapy. To prevent such dropouts and increase compliance to treatment, adequate and frequent counseling before and during radiation treatment is needed.
{"title":"Radiation treatment dropouts-Pitfalls and solutions: A retrospective observational study","authors":"K. Patro, A. Avinash, P. Bhattacharyya, Venkata Reddy Pilaka, Mrutyunjayarao Muvvala, Mohanapriya Atchaiyalingam, Keerthiga Karthikeyan, Kaviya Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, M. Voonna","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Interruptions in radiation treatment are known to have a deleterious effect on oncologic outcomes,specifically, an increase in tumor recurrence and decrease in cancer cure rate. Objectives: Our primary aim was to determine the factors influencing radiotherapy interruptions and provide solutions to decrease these dropouts. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted between May 2009 and July 2010 at Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, a tertiary cancer center in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, on patients with histopathologically proven cancer, who were receiving radiation, either as definitive concurrent chemoradiation or in the adjuvant or palliative setting. Before the start and during treatment, patients were counseled by radiation oncologists, radiation coordinators, and radiation therapy technologists. During radiotherapy, an interruption of more than five consecutive days was considered a treatment interruption. Following a treatment interruption, patients were called on the telephone, counseling was done, and the cause of the treatment interruption was recorded and attempts were made to resolve the problem. Results: We enrolled 1200 patients in the study. There were more male (n = 724 [60.4%]) than female (n = 476 [39.6%]) patients. The cohort included 379 patients (31.6%) with carcinoma of the head-and-neck and 301 patients (25.1%) with gynecological malignancies. There were 100 (8.3%) treatment interruptions recorded during the study period. The common causes of radiation interruption were radiation-induced toxicity (n = 20 [20%]), patient death (n = 15 [15%]), financial (n = 15 [15%]), and social (n = 12 [12%]) issues. After counseling over the telephone, treatment could be restarted in 25 (25%) of the 100 patients who had interrupted and stopped radiotherapy. Conclusion: Treatment interruption is relatively common in our patients receiving radiotherapy. To prevent such dropouts and increase compliance to treatment, adequate and frequent counseling before and during radiation treatment is needed.","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86836636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_304_22
L. Vishwanath, S. Mandal, R. Sunil, D. Latha, N. Bhaskar, S. Palled, T. Naveen, C.V Tanveer Pasha, Bindhu Joseph, U. Krishna
Background: Deep inspiratory breath hold (DIBH) is an established technique to treat left breast cancer with fewer side-effects to the surrounding organs at risk (OARs). However, studies assessing DIBH in resource-poor settings, especially in a government setup, are scarce. Objectives: Our primary objective was to assess and compare the dosimetric changes in the DIBH technique compared to the free breathing technique among patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (Bengaluru, India), over a period of 24 months. A total of 65 patients were treated with the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) technique either using DIBH or free breathing as per the standard protocol. The dosimetric comparisons for the surrounding OARs, in terms of mean percentage volume receiving 15 Gy (V15Gy) and 20 Gy (V20Gy) in the left lung, V25Gy, V30Gy, V5Gy in the heart the mean dose in Gy received by 25% (V25%) and 40% (V40%) of the heart, V10% and V30% of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and mean values of Dmean dose (Gy) received by the left lung, heart, and LAD artery were compared between both the techniques. Results: Among 65 patients, 25 (38.4%) were treated by the free breathing technique and 40 (61.6%) by DIBH. Various dosimetric parameters that were significantly lower in the DIBH compared to free breathing techniques included the mean percentage volume of left lung receiving 20 Gy (V20 Gy) (29.5% vs. 23.5%), heart receiving 25 Gy (V25Gy) (6.7% vs. 2.9%) and 30 Gy (12.8% vs. 2.0%), mean values of Dmean received by the heart (7.8 Gy vs. 4.5 Gy) and LAD artery (31.3 Gy vs. 16.9 Gy), mean dose received by 10% volume of LAD (V10%) (36.3 Gy vs. 29.0 Gy) and 30% of LAD artery (V30%) (34.3 Gy vs. 22.2 Gy) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: DIBH significantly decreases the radiation dose delivered to the heart, left lung, and LAD artery. Thus, in patients with left-sided breast cancer, DIBH leads to a lower radiation dose to the OARs, leading to potentially less side-effects.
{"title":"Gated radiation therapy for patients with breast cancer to reduce the dose to the lung and heart: A comparative cross-sectional study","authors":"L. Vishwanath, S. Mandal, R. Sunil, D. Latha, N. Bhaskar, S. Palled, T. Naveen, C.V Tanveer Pasha, Bindhu Joseph, U. Krishna","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_304_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_304_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Deep inspiratory breath hold (DIBH) is an established technique to treat left breast cancer with fewer side-effects to the surrounding organs at risk (OARs). However, studies assessing DIBH in resource-poor settings, especially in a government setup, are scarce. Objectives: Our primary objective was to assess and compare the dosimetric changes in the DIBH technique compared to the free breathing technique among patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (Bengaluru, India), over a period of 24 months. A total of 65 patients were treated with the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) technique either using DIBH or free breathing as per the standard protocol. The dosimetric comparisons for the surrounding OARs, in terms of mean percentage volume receiving 15 Gy (V15Gy) and 20 Gy (V20Gy) in the left lung, V25Gy, V30Gy, V5Gy in the heart the mean dose in Gy received by 25% (V25%) and 40% (V40%) of the heart, V10% and V30% of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and mean values of Dmean dose (Gy) received by the left lung, heart, and LAD artery were compared between both the techniques. Results: Among 65 patients, 25 (38.4%) were treated by the free breathing technique and 40 (61.6%) by DIBH. Various dosimetric parameters that were significantly lower in the DIBH compared to free breathing techniques included the mean percentage volume of left lung receiving 20 Gy (V20 Gy) (29.5% vs. 23.5%), heart receiving 25 Gy (V25Gy) (6.7% vs. 2.9%) and 30 Gy (12.8% vs. 2.0%), mean values of Dmean received by the heart (7.8 Gy vs. 4.5 Gy) and LAD artery (31.3 Gy vs. 16.9 Gy), mean dose received by 10% volume of LAD (V10%) (36.3 Gy vs. 29.0 Gy) and 30% of LAD artery (V30%) (34.3 Gy vs. 22.2 Gy) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: DIBH significantly decreases the radiation dose delivered to the heart, left lung, and LAD artery. Thus, in patients with left-sided breast cancer, DIBH leads to a lower radiation dose to the OARs, leading to potentially less side-effects.","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) comprise 30% of all cancer cases in India. The risk factors for HNSCC include tobacco and alcohol consumption. Objectives: Our primary objective was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with HNSCC in the western Tamil Nadu population. Our secondary objective was to assess the association of the epidemiological profile with different anatomical sites and risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of data compiled from the clinical records of Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Oncology and Research Department, Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) from January 2018 to December 2021. Clinicodemographic data like age, sex, primary tumor site, clinical staging, family history, and exposure to risk factors (smoking, tobacco chewing, alcohol) were collected from patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC using a specially designed questionnaire. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry and validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by employing consensus primers for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Results: We enrolled 150 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 54.4 ± 10.2 years; majority of patients (59 [39.3%]) were aged between 51 and 60 years. The most frequently affected site was the oral cavity (58 [38.7%]). Tobacco chewing was the most common and the only risk factor observed among female patients (23 [62.2%]), while smoking along with alcohol consumption was commonly observed among male patients (24 [21.2%]). Smoking in combination with other risk factors (44 [29.3%]) was more common than smoking alone (9 [8%]). Tobacco chewing was a predominant risk factor for nasopharyngeal (4 [63.6%]) and oral cavity cancer (19 [32.8%]), while smoking was a predominant risk factor for laryngeal cancer (3 [30%]). Smoking with alcohol consumption was largely seen in oropharyngeal cancer (5 [33.3%]), while all three risk factors were observed in hypopharyngeal cancer (4 [14.3%]). Out of 38 samples tested, only four were positive for HPV (10.5%). Conclusions: The most affected demographic group with regard to HNSCC is middle-aged men (51–60 years), and the oral cavity is the most commonly affected site. Tobacco chewing is the most prevalent risk factor among women while smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors among men. Spreading awareness about the risk factors of HNSCC and their prevention is crucial to optimizing disease control.
{"title":"Demographic profile and risk factors of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma in west Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional observational study","authors":"M. Michaelraj, Karthikesh Kuttiappan, Sivasamy Ramasamy, Fenwick Edwin Rodrigues, Sangami Govindaraj","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_364_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_364_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) comprise 30% of all cancer cases in India. The risk factors for HNSCC include tobacco and alcohol consumption. Objectives: Our primary objective was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with HNSCC in the western Tamil Nadu population. Our secondary objective was to assess the association of the epidemiological profile with different anatomical sites and risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of data compiled from the clinical records of Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Oncology and Research Department, Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) from January 2018 to December 2021. Clinicodemographic data like age, sex, primary tumor site, clinical staging, family history, and exposure to risk factors (smoking, tobacco chewing, alcohol) were collected from patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC using a specially designed questionnaire. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry and validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by employing consensus primers for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Results: We enrolled 150 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 54.4 ± 10.2 years; majority of patients (59 [39.3%]) were aged between 51 and 60 years. The most frequently affected site was the oral cavity (58 [38.7%]). Tobacco chewing was the most common and the only risk factor observed among female patients (23 [62.2%]), while smoking along with alcohol consumption was commonly observed among male patients (24 [21.2%]). Smoking in combination with other risk factors (44 [29.3%]) was more common than smoking alone (9 [8%]). Tobacco chewing was a predominant risk factor for nasopharyngeal (4 [63.6%]) and oral cavity cancer (19 [32.8%]), while smoking was a predominant risk factor for laryngeal cancer (3 [30%]). Smoking with alcohol consumption was largely seen in oropharyngeal cancer (5 [33.3%]), while all three risk factors were observed in hypopharyngeal cancer (4 [14.3%]). Out of 38 samples tested, only four were positive for HPV (10.5%). Conclusions: The most affected demographic group with regard to HNSCC is middle-aged men (51–60 years), and the oral cavity is the most commonly affected site. Tobacco chewing is the most prevalent risk factor among women while smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors among men. Spreading awareness about the risk factors of HNSCC and their prevention is crucial to optimizing disease control.","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90840330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_179_23
Tabitha M. Sabu, V. Noronha, K. Prabhash
{"title":"Authors' reply to Saleem et al.","authors":"Tabitha M. Sabu, V. Noronha, K. Prabhash","doi":"10.4103/crst.crst_179_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/crst.crst_179_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9427,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90898199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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