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Trends in childhood intussusception in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. 尼日利亚一家三级医院的儿童肠套叠发病趋势。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.26
Uchechukwu Obiora Ezomike, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Nwangwu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sampson Chukwuemeka Aliozor, Chukwuka Arinze Onwuzu, Elochukwu Perpetua Nwankwo, Sebastian Okwuchukwu Ekenze

Background: Early presentation, high rate of successful non-operative treatment, low morbidity and mortality in childhood intussusception is common in High and Upper Middle-Income Countries but not in many Lower middle- and Low-income countries.

Aim: To assess the trends in the profile, treatment modalities and outcomes of intussusception in our hospital.

Materials and methods: Retrospective study over a 12-year period divided into two 6-year periods. Data entry/analysis was done using SPSS and various indices were compared between these two periods. Two-tailed t-test for two independent means was used to compare means while two-tailed Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical variables. Results were presented as tables, means, ranges, percentages and a p-value less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results: There was a significant increase in the proportion of successful non-operative treatment (18.6% vs 34%, p=0.03), reduction in the incidence of operative manual reduction (27.1% vs 12.8%; p=0.026), reduction in operative treatment (78.5% vs 63.9%, p=0.034), increased utilization of pre-intervention ultrasound (75% vs96.7%, p<0.0001) and reduction in hospital stay duration (10.47 ±7.95days vs 7.24±4.86 days; p=0.004).

Conclusions: Contribution of successful non-operative treatment to the overall treatment of intussusception significantly increased while that of operative manual reduction significantly reduced and bowel resection showed no change. Preoperative utilization of ultrasonography significantly increased while mean duration of admission reduced significantly, but late presentation, morbidity and mortality rates had no significant changes.

背景:儿童肠套叠发病早、非手术治疗成功率高、发病率和死亡率低,这在高收入和中等偏上收入国家很常见,但在许多中低收入国家并不常见:回顾性研究为期 12 年,分为两个 6 年期。使用 SPSS 进行数据录入/分析,并对这两个时期的各种指数进行比较。比较均值时采用两个独立均值的双尾 t 检验,比较分类变量时采用双尾费雪精确检验。结果以表格、均值、范围、百分比的形式呈现,P 值小于 0.05 则具有统计学意义:结果:非手术治疗成功的比例明显增加(18.6% vs 34%,P=0.03),手术人工减压的发生率降低(27.1% vs 12.8%;P=0.026),手术治疗减少(78.5% vs 63.9%,P=0.034),干预前超声波的使用率增加(75% vs 96.7%,P=0.05):成功的非手术治疗对肠套叠总体治疗的贡献率明显增加,而手术人工减容的贡献率明显降低,肠切除术没有变化。术前使用超声波检查的比例明显增加,平均入院时间明显缩短,但晚期表现、发病率和死亡率没有明显变化。
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引用次数: 0
Attitude to cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus testing experience in self-sampled Nigerian women. 尼日利亚妇女的宫颈癌筛查态度和人类乳头瘤病毒检测经验。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.16
Ayokunle Moses Olumodeji, Ayodeji Kayode Adefemi, Modupe Olatokunbo Adedeji, Ayokunle Adedayo Ogunyemi, Ifeanyichukwu Augustine Onyeodi, Kabiru Afolarin Rabiu, Olurotimi Ireti Akinola

Background: Cervical cancer is a disease of major public health significance which can be prevented by adequate screening.

Objective: This study assessed the level of cervical cancer knowledge, attitude to screening and human papillomavirus testing experience in women who self-sampled for cervical cancer screening.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 790 women that had human papilloma virus (HPV) testing at the gynae-oncology unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Participants were assessed of their cervical cancer screening knowledge, attitude and HPV testing experience. High risk HPV (hr-HPV) nucleic acid testing was funded by the Clinton Health Access Initiative.

Results: Majority (76.71%) of the respondents exhibited a high level of knowledge of cervical cancer, its causes, risk factors and prevention; and a positive experience with HPV self-sampling reported in 98.1%. hr-HPV positive rate was 13.4%. The most common reason (43%) for not having a cervical screening done was lack of a doctor's request. The most commonly known method of cervical screening by the respondents was Pap Smear test (55.31%).

Conclusion: There is need for more education to improve the level of awareness and uptake of hr-HPV testing for cervical cancer in Lagos. Health care providers are not offering cervical cancer screening enough and this needs to be explored more in future studies.

背景宫颈癌是一种具有重大公共卫生意义的疾病,可以通过适当的筛查加以预防:本研究评估了自我进行宫颈癌筛查的妇女的宫颈癌知识水平、筛查态度和人类乳头瘤病毒检测经验:这是一项描述性横断面研究,共有 790 名妇女在拉各斯州立大学教学医院妇科肿瘤科接受了人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测。研究人员对参与者的宫颈癌筛查知识、态度和 HPV 检测经验进行了评估。高危 HPV(hr-HPV)核酸检测由克林顿健康获取倡议(Clinton Health Access Initiative)资助:大多数受访者(76.71%)对宫颈癌、其病因、风险因素和预防有较高的认识;98.1%的受访者对 HPV 自我采样有积极的体验,hr-HPV 阳性率为 13.4%。没有进行宫颈筛查的最常见原因(43%)是没有医生的要求。受访者最了解的宫颈筛查方法是巴氏涂片检查(55.31%):结论:在拉各斯,有必要开展更多的教育活动,以提高人们对宫颈癌 hr-HPV 检测的认识和接受程度。医疗保健提供者提供的宫颈癌筛查不够,这需要在今后的研究中进一步探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Glycemic control and its associated factors among adult diabetic patients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. 埃塞俄比亚南部成年糖尿病患者的血糖控制及其相关因素:一项横断面研究。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.23
Ageze Abose, Aklilu Getachew, Fanta Obsa, Shiferaw Bekele, Kassahun Haile, Selamu Abose

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia causes vascular complications, mortality, and life-threatening disabilities in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Glycemic control status in diabetic patients is crucial to maintain the blood glucose level at the optimal level and to reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications and mortality. However, there is limited data on poor glycemic control status and its associated factors among diabetic patients in southern Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to determine glycemic control status and its associated factors using glycated hemoglobin among adult diabetic patients at Nigist Elleni Mohammad Memorial Referral Hospital, Hossana, southern Ethiopia.

Materials and methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 307 diabetic patients at follow-up. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected to determine lipid profiles and hemoglobin A1C. Lipid profiles and hemoglobin A1C were measured by Cobas c311 analyzer. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine associated factors with poor glycemic control status. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control among the study participants based on hemoglobin A1C ≥7% was 82.4%. Having a history of diabetic complications (AOR: 7.09, 95%CI: 1.72-29.16), duration of diabetes ≥7 years (AOR: 4.09, 95%CI: 1.38-12.08), insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents (AOR: 0.106 95%CI: 0.02-0.44), lack of self-glucose monitoring (AOR: 8.27, 95%CI: 1.61-42.46), lack of physical exercise (AOR: 5.5, 95%CI: 1.6-18.9) and dyslipidemia (AOR: 2.74, 95%CI: 1.12-6.66) were significantly associated with poor glycemic control.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor glycemic control status (82.4%) was observed among diabetic patients in this study area, and disease-related factors like duration of diabetes, complication, treatment type and lack of self-glucose monitoring, physical exercise, and dyslipidemia were identified as factors significantly associated with poor glycemic control status. The finding of the current study should be taken into account to conduct a strategic and timely intervention on significantly associated factors to delay diabetic complications and to improve the health outcome of diabetic patients. Routine screening and monitoring of dyslipidemia and providing health education on behavioral factors were the necessary measures that should be conducted to reduce the burden of poor glycemic

背景:糖尿病是一组常见的代谢性疾病,它们都有高血糖的表型。在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的低收入国家,慢性高血糖会导致血管并发症、死亡和危及生命的残疾。糖尿病患者的血糖控制状况对于将血糖维持在最佳水平、降低糖尿病相关并发症和死亡风险至关重要。然而,关于埃塞俄比亚南部,尤其是研究地区糖尿病患者血糖控制状况不佳及其相关因素的数据十分有限。因此,本研究旨在利用糖化血红蛋白确定埃塞俄比亚南部霍萨纳市尼吉斯特-埃莱尼-穆罕默德纪念转诊医院成年糖尿病患者的血糖控制状况及其相关因素:于 2020 年 5 月 1 日至 6 月 30 日开展了一项以医院为基础的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术招募了 307 名随访糖尿病患者。采用访谈人员发放的问卷收集有关社会人口学、临床和行为特征的数据。采集了五毫升静脉血样本,用于测定血脂概况和血红蛋白 A1C。血脂和血红蛋白 A1C 由 Cobas c311 分析仪测定。数据采用 SPSS 20 版进行分析。采用二变量和多变量逻辑回归确定血糖控制状况不佳的相关因素。P 值结果:根据血红蛋白 A1C ≥7% 的标准,研究参与者中血糖控制不良的总体发生率为 82.4%。有糖尿病并发症病史(AOR:7.09,95%CI:1.72-29.16)、糖尿病病程≥7 年(AOR:4.09,95%CI:1.38-12.08)、胰岛素和口服降糖药(AOR:0.106 95%CI:0.02-0.44)、缺乏自我血糖监测(AOR:8.27,95%CI:1.61-42.46)、缺乏体育锻炼(AOR:5.5,95%CI:1.6-18.9)和血脂异常(AOR:2.74,95%CI:1.12-6.66)与血糖控制不良显著相关:该研究地区的糖尿病患者血糖控制状况不佳的发生率很高(82.4%),与疾病相关的因素,如糖尿病病程、并发症、治疗类型以及缺乏自我血糖监测、体育锻炼和血脂异常被认为与血糖控制状况不佳密切相关。本研究的结果值得重视,以便对明显相关的因素进行战略性的及时干预,从而延缓糖尿病并发症的发生,改善糖尿病患者的健康状况。对血脂异常进行常规筛查和监测,并提供有关行为因素的健康教育,是减轻糖尿病患者血糖控制状况不佳的负担所应采取的必要措施。
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引用次数: 0
Women's experience of preterm birth in an East African context: a qualitative study. 东非妇女早产的经历:一项定性研究。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.19
Thomas Asmelash Habtu, Andrea Barnabas Pembe, Faraja Chiwanga, Jon Øyvind Odland, Elisabeth Darj

Background: Approximately 15 million children are born each year prematurely, representing more than 10 percent of all childbirths worldwide. Prematurity is an acute event and the leading cause of death among newborns and children under five. Sixty percent of these premature deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.

Objective: The current study aimed to explore and understand women's experiences and perceptions regarding giving birth prematurely at the National Hospital of Muhimbili in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Method: A qualitative method, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach was chosen to understand and describe the women's experiences. A semi-structured guide was used during the interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Findings: Eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: (a) Emotional turmoil: unmet expectations shattering maternal identity, emotional distress, and loss of hope; (b) Adapting to preterm birth and challenges: the unexpected situation, lack of proper care, strenuous breastfeeding routines, and socioeconomic challenges; (c) Significance of proper care and emotional support: good maternal care, mother-to-mother and family support.

Conclusion: This study provided a deeper understanding of women's experiences and perceptions of premature childbirth. The current study indicated the importance of caregivers' awareness of the women's emotional distress, their need to adapt to a sudden unexpected situation, and the necessity of emotional support.

背景:每年约有 1500 万名儿童早产,占全球分娩总数的 10%以上。早产是一种急性疾病,也是新生儿和五岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。其中 60% 的早产死亡发生在撒哈拉以南非洲和东南亚地区:本研究旨在探讨和了解坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆穆欣比利国立医院妇女对早产的经历和看法:采用解释性现象学分析的定性方法来了解和描述妇女的经历。在访谈过程中使用了半结构化指南。所有访谈都进行了录音和逐字记录:共进行了八次深入访谈。分析揭示了三个首要主题:(a)情绪波动:未满足的期望打破了产妇的身份认同、情绪困扰和失去希望;(b)适应早产和挑战:意外情况、缺乏适当护理、艰苦的母乳喂养程序和社会经济挑战;(c)适当护理和情感支持的意义:良好的产妇护理、母亲对母亲和家庭的支持:本研究加深了对妇女早产经历和看法的了解。本研究表明,护理人员必须意识到妇女的情绪困扰、她们需要适应突如其来的意外情况以及情感支持的必要性。
{"title":"Women's experience of preterm birth in an East African context: a qualitative study.","authors":"Thomas Asmelash Habtu, Andrea Barnabas Pembe, Faraja Chiwanga, Jon Øyvind Odland, Elisabeth Darj","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.19","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 15 million children are born each year prematurely, representing more than 10 percent of all childbirths worldwide. Prematurity is an acute event and the leading cause of death among newborns and children under five. Sixty percent of these premature deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to explore and understand women's experiences and perceptions regarding giving birth prematurely at the National Hospital of Muhimbili in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative method, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach was chosen to understand and describe the women's experiences. A semi-structured guide was used during the interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: (a) Emotional turmoil: unmet expectations shattering maternal identity, emotional distress, and loss of hope; (b) Adapting to preterm birth and challenges: the unexpected situation, lack of proper care, strenuous breastfeeding routines, and socioeconomic challenges; (c) Significance of proper care and emotional support: good maternal care, mother-to-mother and family support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided a deeper understanding of women's experiences and perceptions of premature childbirth. The current study indicated the importance of caregivers' awareness of the women's emotional distress, their need to adapt to a sudden unexpected situation, and the necessity of emotional support.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"151-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of occupational exposure to vat-textile dyes on follicular and luteal hormones in female dye workers in Abeokuta, Nigeria. 尼日利亚阿贝奥库塔染色女工职业暴露于大桶纺织染料对卵泡和黄体激素的影响。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.17
Oluwatosin O Soyinka, Akinwunmi F Akinsanya, Festus A Odeyemi, Adebayo A Amballi, Kolawole S Oritogun, Omobola A Ogundahunsi

Background: Some synthetic dyes used mainly in textile industries have been associated with endocrine disruption, resulting in infertility, among other disorders. It is unknown if occupational exposure to Vat textile dyes among premenopausal dyers alters hormonal levels.

Objectives: We aimed at determining the probable effects of occupational exposure to Vat dyes on reproductive hormones of female textile dyers in the follicular and luteal phases while relating this to age categories and duration of exposure.

Methods: Thirty-three premenopausal Vat textile dyers at "Itoku", Abeokuta, Nigeria, among a population of about 80 female dyers were age and sex-matched with 55 non-exposed (control) female participants. Using semi-structured questionnaires, socio-demographic, occupational details and the LMP of participants were obtained. Serum samples were collected in follicular and luteal phases and assayed for female sex hormones using Enzyme Immunoassay. Mann-Whitney U and Z- statistic were used for comparison of the two groups. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results: In the follicular phase, the result showed a lower mean FSH ranking (in age category ≤20 years) and higher (p<0.05) Estradiol ranking (in age category 31-40 years) in the exposed than the unexposed. Mean ranks of Progesterone and Estradiol in the luteal phase (age category 31-40 years) were higher (p<0.05) in the exposed, while Estradiol (age category ≥41years) ranked lower (p<0.05). Prolactin demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with the duration of exposure.

Conclusion: Occupational exposure to Vat dye among female dyers in Abeokuta is associated with some sex hormone disruption which appears to be age and duration of exposure-related.

背景:一些主要用于纺织业的合成染料与内分泌紊乱有关,导致不孕等疾病。目前尚不清楚绝经前染工职业性接触 Vat 纺织染料是否会改变荷尔蒙水平:我们的目的是确定职业性接触瓦特染料对女性纺织染工卵泡期和黄体期生殖激素的可能影响,同时将其与年龄类别和接触时间长短联系起来:在尼日利亚阿贝奥库塔市 "Itoku "的约 80 名染布女工中,有 33 名绝经前的染布女工与 55 名未接触染布的女工(对照组)进行了年龄和性别匹配。通过半结构式问卷调查,获得了参与者的社会人口学、职业详情和 LMP。在卵泡期和黄体期采集血清样本,用酶联免疫法测定女性性激素。采用 Mann-Whitney U 和 Z 统计法对两组进行比较。结果:结果显示,在卵泡期,FSH的平均值较低(年龄小于20岁),而在卵泡期,FSH的平均值较高(P=0.05):阿贝奥库塔的女性染工在职业生涯中暴露于还原染料会导致性激素紊乱,这似乎与暴露的年龄和持续时间有关。
{"title":"Effect of occupational exposure to vat-textile dyes on follicular and luteal hormones in female dye workers in Abeokuta, Nigeria.","authors":"Oluwatosin O Soyinka, Akinwunmi F Akinsanya, Festus A Odeyemi, Adebayo A Amballi, Kolawole S Oritogun, Omobola A Ogundahunsi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.17","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some synthetic dyes used mainly in textile industries have been associated with endocrine disruption, resulting in infertility, among other disorders. It is unknown if occupational exposure to Vat textile dyes among premenopausal dyers alters hormonal levels.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed at determining the probable effects of occupational exposure to Vat dyes on reproductive hormones of female textile dyers in the follicular and luteal phases while relating this to age categories and duration of exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three premenopausal Vat textile dyers at \"Itoku\", Abeokuta, Nigeria, among a population of about 80 female dyers were age and sex-matched with 55 non-exposed (control) female participants. Using semi-structured questionnaires, socio-demographic, occupational details and the LMP of participants were obtained. Serum samples were collected in follicular and luteal phases and assayed for female sex hormones using Enzyme Immunoassay. Mann-Whitney U and Z- statistic were used for comparison of the two groups. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the follicular phase, the result showed a lower mean FSH ranking (in age category ≤20 years) and higher (p<0.05) Estradiol ranking (in age category 31-40 years) in the exposed than the unexposed. Mean ranks of Progesterone and Estradiol in the luteal phase (age category 31-40 years) were higher (p<0.05) in the exposed, while Estradiol (age category ≥41years) ranked lower (p<0.05). Prolactin demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with the duration of exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occupational exposure to Vat dye among female dyers in Abeokuta is associated with some sex hormone disruption which appears to be age and duration of exposure-related.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elderly people's perceptions on the use of mobile phones to support the self-management of long-term illnesses at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. 老年人对基鲁杜国家转诊医院使用手机支持长期疾病自我管理的看法。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.32
Peterson Mulinde

Introduction: The global estimate of the aging population is progressively increasing in low and middle-income countries and this is accompanied by the limitations associated with the need for equitable and efficient healthcare delivery among this dire population. Unfortunately, despite the increasing numbers, the adoption of mobile phones is not balanced in the different populations with research showing young persons' adoption rate is higher than that of elderly persons.

Objective: This current study was conducted to identify elderly people's perceptions of the use of mobile phones to support the self-management of long-term illnesses at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital.

Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional design study was conducted on a sample population of 30 elderly individuals older than 60 years admitted at the outpatient department of Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. We conducted face-to-face interviews following an interview guide and one focus group discussion. We later used a feature mobile phone and a tablet mobile phone to assess the individual ease of use of each device. The audio recordings were professionally transcribed and transcripts were coded into NVIVO version 12 analysis software for thematic analysis.

Results: Almost all of the respondents who visited the facility had an ailment that hindered their full utilization of the mobile phone to support their self-care. This together with other factors like financial constraints, lack of support from the health workers on how to use mobile phones to support health, inadequate support from the facility, and cost of mobile data among others.

Background and conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence that there is hardly a known mobile phone adoption model to enable policymakers, systems developers, and health workers to promote the elderly population's use of mobile phones to manage their long-term illnesses in Uganda.

导言:据估计,全球中低收入国家的老龄人口数量正在逐步增加,与此同时,在这些严峻的人口中提供公平、高效的医疗保健服务的需求也受到了限制。遗憾的是,尽管人数不断增加,但不同人群采用手机的情况并不平衡,研究显示年轻人的采用率高于老年人:本研究旨在了解基鲁杜国家转诊医院的老年人对使用手机支持长期疾病自我管理的看法:本研究采用描述性横断面设计,以乌干达坎帕拉基鲁杜国家转诊医院门诊部收治的 30 名 60 岁以上老人为样本。我们按照访谈指南进行了面对面访谈,并进行了一次焦点小组讨论。随后,我们使用了功能手机和平板手机,以评估每种设备的个人易用性。我们对录音进行了专业誊写,并将誊写内容编入 NVIVO 第 12 版分析软件进行专题分析:几乎所有到访的受访者都患有某种疾病,这阻碍了他们充分利用手机来支持自我保健。此外,还有其他一些因素,如经济拮据、缺乏医务工作者在如何使用手机支持健康方面的支持、医疗机构提供的支持不足以及移动数据的成本等等:本研究提供的经验证据表明,目前几乎没有一种已知的手机应用模式可以帮助政策制定者、系统开发者和医疗工作者促进乌干达老年人使用手机来管理他们的长期疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Deodorant use and related adverse effects: A cross-sectional survey among Palestinian students. 除臭剂的使用和相关不良影响:一项针对巴勒斯坦学生的横断面调查。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.34
Iyad Ali, Naser Shraim, Anwar Younes, Reem Sawafta, Asma Sbeih, Samar Khater

Background: Deodorants are widely used to mask unpleasant body odors. They are reported to cause some adverse effects depending on the form and ingredients. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of deodorant use and related adverse effects among Palestinian students.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at An-Najah National University from Aug 2018 to Mar 2020. A questionnaire was constructed using a Google survey form. All analyses were done using SPSS 21.0, Fisher test was used for comparative analysis and the P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 554 students participated in the study. About 93% of the participants were using deodorants and adverse effects were reported by 25% of the participants. The reported adverse effects were itching (26%), coloration (25%), sneezing (21%), and eye redness (8%). Only 4.1% of the participants visited a physician for counselling regarding various adverse effects.

Conclusion: Deodorants were widely used by Palestinian students with reported adverse effects, but these side effects rarely prompted the participants to seek medical advice.

背景:除臭剂被广泛用于掩盖难闻的体味。据报道,除臭剂会导致一些不良反应,具体取决于其形式和成分。本研究旨在评估巴勒斯坦学生使用除臭剂的普遍程度及相关不良反应:这项横断面研究于 2018 年 8 月至 2020 年 3 月在安纳贾国立大学进行。使用谷歌调查表制作了一份问卷。所有分析均使用 SPSS 21.0 进行,比较分析使用 Fisher 检验,P 值小于 0.05 视为具有统计学意义:共有 554 名学生参与了研究。约 93% 的参与者使用除臭剂,25% 的参与者报告了不良反应。报告的不良反应包括瘙痒(26%)、发色(25%)、打喷嚏(21%)和眼睛发红(8%)。只有 4.1%的参与者就各种不良反应就医咨询:结论:除臭剂在巴勒斯坦学生中广泛使用,并有不良反应报告,但这些副作用很少促使参与者寻求医疗建议。
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引用次数: 0
The use of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm labour for the prevention of perinatal mortality in hospitals in Tanzania. 坦桑尼亚医院在早产儿中使用产前皮质类固醇以预防围产期死亡。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.18
Stanley Mwita

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are given to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery to hasten the maturation of the lungs, lowering the risk of newborn respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal mortality.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to ACS was associated with lower rates of perinatal mortality and RDS in preterm infants delivered by women with preterm labour.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from four hospitals in Mwanza, Tanzania. All singletons and twins born to women who were in preterm labour between July 2019 and February 2020 and delivered in-hospital between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation were included. Data were recorded from participants' medical records and analysed using STATA Version 14.

Results: Over an eight-month period, 588 preterm infants were delivered to 527 women. One hundred and ninety (36.1%) women were given ACS. Infants who were exposed to ACS in utero had a lower rate of perinatal mortality (6.8% vs 19.1%) and RDS (12.3% vs 25.9%) compared to those not exposed to ACS. In adjusted multivariable models, ACS exposure was related to a lower risk of perinatal mortality, aRR 0.23 (95% CI 0.13 - 0.39), and RDS, aRR 0.45 (95% CI 0.30 - 0.68).

Conclusion: ACS significantly reduced the risk of perinatal mortality and RDS among preterm infants exposed to ACS in utero and delivered by women in preterm labour. The use of ACS should be encouraged in low-resource settings where preterm birth is prevalent to improve perinatal outcomes.

背景:产前皮质类固醇(ACS)用于有早产风险的孕妇,以加速肺部成熟,降低新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)和围产儿死亡率:本研究的目的是确定早产妇女所分娩的早产儿中,接触 ACS 是否与围产期死亡率和 RDS 的降低有关:本研究对坦桑尼亚姆万扎四家医院的数据进行了二次分析。所有在2019年7月至2020年2月期间早产且在妊娠24周至34周期间在医院分娩的单胎和双胞胎均被纳入研究范围。数据由参与者的病历记录,并使用 STATA 14 版进行分析:在八个月的时间里,527 名妇女共分娩了 588 名早产儿。其中 190 名妇女(36.1%)接受了 ACS。与未接触 ACS 的婴儿相比,在子宫内接触 ACS 的婴儿围产期死亡率(6.8% 对 19.1%)和 RDS(12.3% 对 25.9%)较低。在调整后的多变量模型中,暴露于 ACS 与围产期死亡风险(aRR 0.23 (95% CI 0.13 - 0.39))和 RDS(aRR 0.45 (95% CI 0.30 - 0.68))的降低有关:ACS大大降低了宫内暴露于ACS的早产儿和早产妇分娩的早产儿的围产儿死亡和RDS风险。在早产流行的低资源环境中,应鼓励使用 ACS,以改善围产期预后。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring patient referral practices of traditional healthcare practitioners in Soshanguve, Gauteng Province, South Africa. 探索南非豪登省 Soshanguve 传统医疗从业人员的病人转诊做法。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.31
Eugene Musiiwa Makhavhu, Mmajapi Elizabeth Masala-Chokwe, Tendani Sara Ramukumba

Introduction: It may be necessary for healthcare professionals to refer patients to other professionals and institutions that are able to provide the care needed by patients, depending on the severity each case presents, healthcare requirements, and resources available to offer care. In healthcare generally, patient referral is standard procedure; however, in South Africa, referral patterns between allopathic and traditional healthcare practitioners are unknown, and this is a problem yet to be addressed.

Objectives: The study objective was to explore patient referral practices from the perspectives of traditional healthcare practitioners of South Africa.

Methods: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design was employed to collect data from 11 traditional healthcare practitioners who were sampled using snowball sampling. An individual semi structured interview schedule was used to collect data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: Patient referral was common practice in traditional health practices, however not reciprocal between the traditional and allopathic healthcare. Several indications for patient referral to allopathic healthcare practitioners included management of chronic conditions amongst others.

Discussion: Patient referral being an important part of healthcare practices should be promoted and regulation and traditional health practices improved to promote safe referral practices and curb unsafe self-referrals by patients.

导言:医疗保健专业人员可能有必要根据每个病例的严重程度、医疗保健要求以及提供医疗保健的可用资源,将病人转诊到能够提供病人所需医疗保健服务的其他专业人员和机构。一般来说,在医疗保健领域,病人转诊是标准程序;但在南非,对抗疗法和传统医疗保健从业人员之间的转诊模式尚不清楚,这是一个有待解决的问题:研究目的:从南非传统医疗从业者的角度探讨病人转诊做法:采用定性、探索性和描述性设计,通过滚雪球抽样法从 11 名传统医疗从业人员中收集数据。收集数据时使用了个人半结构式访谈表。结果:结果:病人转诊是传统医疗实践中的常见做法,但传统医疗和对抗疗法医疗之间并不互惠。将病人转诊给对抗疗法医疗从业人员的几个适应症包括慢性病管理等:讨论:病人转诊是医疗保健实践的重要组成部分,应加以推广和规范,并改善传统的医疗保健实践,以促进安全的转诊实践,遏制病人不安全的自我转诊。
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引用次数: 0
Factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area, Oyo State. 奥约州奥博莫索南地方政府地区已婚识字妇女使用避孕药具的影响因素。
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.15
Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega, Adeola Abideen Adewusi

Background: Contraceptives uses are issues of concern around the world due to the adverse effects of unsafe sexual behaviours, such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases among women.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study also examined whether the variables of age, religion and educational qualification would influence the respondent's view.

Methods: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to draw a total of 210 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Mean and rank order was used to answer the research question while Analysis of Variance was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.

Results: Findings revealed that factors influencing contraceptive use among literate married women are educational qualification, health condition and number of children among others. Findings also revealed that there were no significant differences in the factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women based on age and religious affiliation while significant difference was found in educational qualification.

Conclusion: Majority of the respondents attested to the factors influencing contraceptive use among literate married women. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that contextual and cultural considerations are recommended for comprehensive understanding of factors influencing contraceptive use among Nigerian women, educative interventions by service providers on the necessity of continuous contraception even at older age before menopause should be recommended.

背景:由于不安全性行为的不良影响,如妇女意外怀孕和性传播疾病,避孕药具的使用成为全世界关注的问题:调查奥约州奥博莫索南地方政府地区已婚识字妇女使用避孕药具的影响因素。研究还探讨了年龄、宗教信仰和学历等变量是否会影响受访者的观点:研究采用了描述性调查设计。采用了有目的的抽样技术,共抽取了 210 名受访者。研究使用问卷收集数据。采用平均值和排序法来回答研究问题,同时采用方差分析法在 0.05 的显著性水平上检验假设:研究结果表明,影响已婚识字妇女使用避孕药具的因素包括学历、健康状况和子女数量等。调查结果还显示,影响已婚识字妇女使用避孕药具的因素在年龄和宗教信仰上没有显著差异,但在学历上存在显著差异:大多数受访者认可影响已婚识字妇女使用避孕药具的因素。根据研究结果,建议对背景和文化因素进行考虑,以全面了解影响尼日利亚妇女使用避孕药具的因素,并建议服务提供者采取教育干预措施,使妇女认识到即使在绝经前的高龄阶段也有必要持续避孕。
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引用次数: 0
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African health sciences
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