Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases最新文献_第4页

Refining the annotation of Rhodnius prolixus aspartic proteases A1 family genes through proteogenomics 利用蛋白质基因组学技术对长叶红蛋白酶A1家族基因的注释进行完善

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100253

Radouane Ouali, Sabrina Bousbata

Rhodnius prolixus Stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) a hematophagous model organism and vector of Chagas disease, relies on a complex repertoire of digestive enzymes to process its blood meals. Among these, aspartic proteases from the A1 peptidase family play a crucial role in nutrient breakdown. This study aims to refine the gene annotation of the A1 peptidase family in this organism through proteogenomics. A comprehensive analysis of aspartic protease gene sequences and protein isoforms, identified by proteomics, revealed discrepancies in existing gene annotations, including the identification of novel open reading frames and the consolidation of previously separated gene sequences. Our efforts led to the correction of seven gene annotations, reducing the total count of A1 peptidase genes from 19 to 15. Notably, 11 of these genes were confirmed at the protein level, while two were supported by transcriptomic data. Furthermore, our findings highlight instances of alternative splicing, as seen in RPRC015076, where proteoforms T1IFK7 and R4G5J6 are expressed through intron retention. This study not only provides a more accurate and comprehensive genomic framework for the A1 peptidase family but also offers new insights into the functional complexity and regulation of digestive enzymes in R. prolixus. These findings pave the way for future studies on insect digestive biology and their potential applications in vector control strategies.

长鼻红蝇（半翅目：红蝇科：Triatominae）是一种噬血模式生物和恰加斯病的媒介，依靠一系列复杂的消化酶来处理其血餐。其中，来自A1肽酶家族的天冬氨酸蛋白酶在营养分解中起重要作用。本研究旨在通过蛋白质基因组学技术完善该生物A1肽酶家族的基因注释。通过蛋白质组学对天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因序列和蛋白质异构体的综合分析，揭示了现有基因注释的差异，包括鉴定新的开放阅读框和先前分离的基因序列的巩固。我们的努力纠正了7个基因注释，使A1肽酶基因总数从19个减少到15个。值得注意的是，其中11个基因在蛋白质水平上得到了证实，而两个基因在转录组学数据上得到了支持。此外，我们的研究结果强调了选择性剪接的实例，如在RPRC015076中所见，其中蛋白质形式T1IFK7和R4G5J6通过内含子保留表达。本研究不仅为长尾草A1肽酶家族提供了更准确、更全面的基因组框架，而且对长尾草消化酶的功能复杂性和调控提供了新的认识。这些发现为进一步研究昆虫消化生物学及其在病媒控制策略中的潜在应用铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Cryptosporidium prevalence in calves and its effect on local water quality prior to abstraction and treatment 犊牛隐孢子虫患病率及其对提取和处理前当地水质的影响

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100295

Ceri Edwards , Frank Katzer , Paul M. Bartley , Janet Roden , Hannah J. Shaw

Cryptosporidium spp., particularly Cryptosporidium parvum, pose a significant threat to raw water quality and public health. Cryptosporidiosis, a gastrointestinal zoonotic disease, causes diarrhoea in dairy and beef production systems worldwide. Infected calves shed Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in faeces, posing risks of contaminating surface water sources. Understanding the dynamics of Cryptosporidium contamination is crucial for effective water quality management. This study investigated Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in neonatal calves and its potential impact on water quality before abstraction and treatment. The study analysed faecal samples from 1–3-week-old calves on two English dairy farms upstream of a water abstraction point. Initial screening used C. parvum immune chromatographic assays (ICT) on 47 faecal samples. This was followed by DNA extraction and species identification, with gp60 subtyping. Raw and treated water quality data were analysed to determine Cryptosporidium oocyst counts. Cryptosporidium parvum was the predominant species in calves at both farms, with gp60 subtype IIaA17G2R1 being the only subtype detected. Some calf samples revealed mixed infections with C. parvum and C. ryanae. Raw-water samples (n = 214) revealed a 50.00% positivity rate for Cryptosporidium oocysts, with 22.43% (24/107) containing C. parvum/C. hominis and the remainder 77.57% (83/107) C. andersoni. Water treatment significantly reduced oocyst counts (P < 0.001); however, due to the increase in popularity of bathing in rivers, oocysts present in raw river water may still prove a public health risk.

隐孢子虫，特别是小隐孢子虫，对原水水质和公众健康构成重大威胁。隐孢子虫病是一种胃肠道人畜共患疾病，在全世界的乳制品和牛肉生产系统中引起腹泻。受感染的小牛在粪便中排出隐孢子虫卵囊，有污染地表水水源的危险。了解隐孢子虫污染的动态对有效的水质管理至关重要。本研究调查了隐孢子虫在新生牛犊中的流行情况及其在提取和处理前对水质的潜在影响。该研究分析了位于一个取水点上游的两个英国奶牛场的1 - 3周大小牛的粪便样本。采用免疫层析法对47份粪便样本进行初步筛选。随后进行DNA提取和物种鉴定，并进行gp60亚型分型。对原始和处理后的水质数据进行分析，以确定隐孢子虫卵囊计数。两个养殖场犊牛中均以细小隐孢子虫为优势种，仅检测到gp60亚型IIaA17G2R1。一些小牛样本显示混合感染了小梭菌和瑞安梭菌。214份原水标本隐孢子虫卵囊阳性率为50.00%，其中小孢子虫卵囊阳性率为22.43%（24/107）。77.57%（83/107）为安氏库蚊。水处理显著减少卵囊计数(P <；0.001);然而，由于在河里洗澡的人越来越多，未经处理的河水中存在的卵囊仍可能对公众健康构成威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Brugia malayi miRNAs and potential targets within the feline host (Felis catus) 猫宿主（Felis catus）内马来布鲁氏菌mirna及其潜在靶点

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100329

Erica Burkman , Lucienne Tritten , Christopher C. Evans , Guilherme G. Verocai , Caroline Sobotyk , Timothy G. Geary , Andrew R. Moorhead

Host specificity is a critical feature of the survival and proliferation of parasites. In the context of interactions with the host, numerous mechanisms have been identified, particularly in parasitic helminths, that enable manipulation of the host immune system to enhance their own survival. The evolutionary history of these interactions often results in hosts becoming disease-tolerant or asymptomatic, even when burdened with a high number of worms, until a disruption in the host’s immune system can trigger a disease state. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying host specificity and the ways in which parasites alter the host’s immune system remain largely unexplored. Research conducted on parasite-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) suggests they may play a role in remodeling the host to improve parasite survival and growth, possibly through directed pathology. To further explore this host-parasite relationship, we analyzed plasma of four cats experimentally infected with the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, each with varying levels of microfilaremia, six months post-infection. Out of approximately 32 million sequencing reads, we detected 185 mature miRNA candidates potentially originating from B. malayi, with 26 miRNAs present in 10 or more copies. We also identified seven immunity-related host genes (Ptgs1, Irf4, Irf5, Numbl, Tnfsf15, Stat3, and Txlnb) that are predicted to be targets of parasite-derived miRNAs. Additional investigation is warranted to elucidate the role of these miRNAs in the host-parasite interaction. These data offer promising targets for further exploration, and potentially the discovery of novel therapeutics that disrupt parasite immune evasion and pathological alterations to the host.

宿主特异性是寄生虫生存和增殖的关键特征。在与宿主相互作用的背景下，已经确定了许多机制，特别是在寄生蠕虫中，能够操纵宿主免疫系统以提高自身的生存。这些相互作用的进化史往往导致宿主变得耐病或无症状，即使在携带大量蠕虫的情况下，直到宿主免疫系统的破坏可能引发疾病状态。然而，宿主特异性的分子机制和寄生虫改变宿主免疫系统的方式在很大程度上仍未被探索。对寄生虫来源的microRNAs （miRNAs）的研究表明，它们可能在重塑宿主以改善寄生虫生存和生长方面发挥作用，可能通过定向病理。为了进一步探讨这种宿主-寄生虫关系，我们分析了4只实验感染马来布鲁氏丝虫病的猫的血浆，每只猫在感染后6个月都有不同程度的微丝虫病。在大约3200万个测序读数中，我们检测到185个成熟的候选miRNA可能来自马来芽孢杆菌，其中26个miRNA存在于10个或更多拷贝中。我们还发现了7个免疫相关的宿主基因（Ptgs1、Irf4、Irf5、Numbl、Tnfsf15、Stat3和Txlnb），这些基因被预测为寄生虫来源的mirna的靶标。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些mirna在宿主-寄生虫相互作用中的作用。这些数据为进一步探索提供了有希望的目标，并有可能发现破坏寄生虫免疫逃避和对宿主病理改变的新疗法。

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引用次数: 0

Small mammals as hosts of vector-borne pathogens in the High Tatra Mountains region in Slovakia, Central Europe 中欧斯洛伐克塔特拉高山地区作为媒介传播病原体宿主的小型哺乳动物。

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100240

Bronislava Víchová , Michal Stanko , Martina Miterpáková , Zuzana Hurníková , Yaroslav Syrota , Patrícia Schmer-Jakšová , Petronela Komorová , Lucia Vargová , Veronika Blažeková , Dana Zubriková , Klaudia Mária Švirlochová , Gabriela Chovancová

Rodents and insectivores are significant reservoirs of many zoonotic pathogens, contributing to the transmission of diseases affecting human and animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of vector-borne pathogens in small mammals within the High Tatras region of Slovakia, an area with substantial recreational activity and protected zones. A total of 156 small mammals, comprising ten species, were screened for pathogens such as Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia spp. The prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in the studied animals reached 74.35%, with Bartonella spp. being the most common, identified in 57.7% of the animals, particularly in Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareolus. Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) was detected in 11.5% of the rodents, with Borrelia afzelii identified as the predominant species. Babesia microti was found in A. flavicollis and Mus musculus, with a total prevalence of 3.2%. The lowest was the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum reaching 1.9%. This study provides evidence of the significant role of rodents as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens in protected areas of the High Tatras region and Tatra National Park.

啮齿动物和食虫动物是许多人畜共患病原体的重要宿主，有助于传播影响人类和动物健康的疾病。本研究调查了斯洛伐克高塔特拉斯地区小型哺乳动物媒介传播病原体的流行和多样性，该地区有大量的娱乐活动和保护区。对10种156只小型兽类进行巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和巴贝斯虫等病原体的检测，结果表明，动物媒介传播病原体检出率为74.35%，其中以巴尔通体最常见，检出率为57.7%，以黄斑鼠和光斑鼠最为明显。11.5%的鼠中检出伯氏疏螺旋体，以阿氏疏螺旋体为优势种。小巴贝斯虫在黄抽沙鼠和小家鼠中均有发现，总患病率为3.2%。其中，嗜吞噬芽孢杆菌的感染率最低，为1.9%。本研究为高塔特拉地区和塔特拉国家公园保护区中啮齿动物作为媒介传播病原体宿主的重要作用提供了证据。

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引用次数: 0

Bats from an area of the Colombian Caribbean reveal the circulation of Alphacoronavirus

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100261

Caty Martínez , Daniel Echeverri , Alfonso Calderón , Eliana Hurtado , Bertha Gastelbondo , Yésica López , Jairo Martínez , Yeimy López , Yesica Botero , Camilo Guzmán , Ketty Galeano , Valeria Bertel , Yonairo Herrera , Germán Arrieta , Joao Pessoa Araujo , Salim Mattar

The evolutionary origin of coronaviruses is related to bats (order Chiroptera), and their association with pathologies in animals and humans is expected. Anthropic threats reduce bat diversity and expose humans to extraordinary transmission and spread of associated viruses, putting health and food security at risk owing to the multiple ecological roles that bats play. This study aimed to determine the presence of coronaviruses in bats in the Department of Córdoba, Colombia. Between 2022 and 2023, 11 municipalities were selected using non-probabilistic sampling methods. A total of 262 bats belonging to 16 species of five families were captured and identified. Serological tests were performed to detect SARS-CoV-2, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the coronavirus RdRp gene. RdRp-positive samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Five specimens (2.7%) had antibodies against the coronavirus N protein, and the RdRp gene was detected in 55 specimens (21.0%), all belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp gene revealed that the newly generated sequences represented alphacoronaviruses. Bats tested in ecoregions with greater anthropogenic intervention were shown to be carriers of coronaviruses, unlike bats from conserved ecoregions. Coronavirus surveillance in bats has revealed previous infections through serology and circulating infections in natural populations of different ecoregions of the Department of Córdoba, where inter-species jumps could be generated by contact between bats and domestic/wild animals, or humans.

冠状病毒的进化起源与蝙蝠（翼目）有关，预计它们与动物和人类的病理有关。人为威胁减少了蝙蝠的多样性，使人类面临相关病毒的异常传播和传播，由于蝙蝠发挥的多重生态作用，使健康和粮食安全面临风险。本研究旨在确定哥伦比亚Córdoba省蝙蝠中冠状病毒的存在。在2022年至2023年期间，采用非概率抽样方法选择了11个城市。共捕获鉴定蝙蝠262只，隶属5科16种。血清学检测SARS-CoV-2，巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测冠状病毒RdRp基因。rdrp阳性样品采用Sanger测序。5份标本（2.7%）检测到冠状病毒N蛋白抗体，55份标本（21.0%）检测到RdRp基因，均属于毛条科。RdRp基因的系统发育分析表明，新生成的序列代表了甲型冠状病毒。与来自受保护的生态区域的蝙蝠不同，在人为干预较大的生态区域测试的蝙蝠被证明是冠状病毒的携带者。对蝙蝠的冠状病毒监测显示，在Córdoba部不同生态区域的自然种群中，通过血清学和循环感染发现了以前的感染，其中蝙蝠与家养/野生动物或人类之间的接触可能产生物种间跳跃。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring bioactive molecules released during inter- and intraspecific competition: A paradigm for novel antiparasitic drug discovery and design for human use 探索在种间和种内竞争中释放的生物活性分子：用于人类使用的新型抗寄生虫药物发现和设计的范例

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100256

Pichet Ruenchit

Many antiparasitic drugs have become obsolete and ineffective in treating parasitic diseases. This ineffectiveness arises from parasite drug resistance, high toxicity, and low drug efficacy. Thus, the discovery of novel agents is urgently needed to control parasitic diseases. Various strategies are employed in drug discovery, design, and development. This review highlights the paradigm of searching for bioactive molecules produced during inter- and intraspecific competition among organisms, particularly between microbes and parasites, as a strategy for de novo antiparasitic drug discovery. Competitive interactions occur when individuals of the same or different species coexist in overlapping niches and compete for space and resources. These interactions are well recognized. Therefore, bioactive molecules released during these interactions are promising targets for novel drug discovery. Compelling data indicate that microbes remain a potential source for the discovery of novel antiparasitic drugs because of their diversity. Many antimicrobial producers in nature have yet to be isolated and investigated. This body of evidence underscores the success of numerous therapeutic drugs, including penicillin, β-lactams, and tetracyclines, which have been successfully discovered and developed for treating infectious diseases. This review comprehensively covers these concepts, with a particular focus on inter- and intraspecific competition in the discovery of novel antiparasitic agents. This approach will pave the way for identifying alternative strategies to control and eradicate parasitic diseases that continue to threaten human health. Additionally, this review discusses current antiparasitic drugs and their mechanisms of action, limitations, and existing gaps. This discussion emphasizes the ongoing need to explore novel antiparasitic drugs.

许多抗寄生虫药物在治疗寄生虫病方面已经过时和无效。这种无效是由于寄生虫耐药、高毒性和低疗效。因此，迫切需要发现新的药物来控制寄生虫病。在药物发现、设计和开发中采用了各种策略。这篇综述强调了寻找生物间和种内竞争中产生的生物活性分子的范例，特别是微生物和寄生虫之间的竞争，作为一种新的抗寄生虫药物发现策略。当相同或不同物种的个体在重叠的生态位中共存并竞争空间和资源时，就会发生竞争性相互作用。这些相互作用是公认的。因此，在这些相互作用过程中释放的生物活性分子是新药发现的有希望的靶点。令人信服的数据表明，由于微生物的多样性，它们仍然是发现新型抗寄生虫药物的潜在来源。自然界中的许多抗菌素生产者尚未被分离和调查。这些证据强调了许多治疗药物的成功，包括青霉素、β-内酰胺和四环素，这些药物已被成功地发现和开发用于治疗传染病。这篇综述全面涵盖了这些概念，特别侧重于发现新的抗寄生虫剂的种间和种内竞争。这一方法将为确定控制和根除继续威胁人类健康的寄生虫病的替代战略铺平道路。此外，本文还对目前的抗寄生虫药物及其作用机制、局限性和存在的空白进行了综述。这一讨论强调了探索新型抗寄生虫药物的持续需求。

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引用次数: 0

Discovery of potentially novel species of the Onchocercidae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Burmese fighting chickens (Gallus gallus): Genetic insights into avian filariasis and co-infection with Plasmodium juxtanucleare 缅甸斗鸡（Gallus Gallus）盘尾丝虫病科（线虫纲：丝虫科）潜在新种的发现：对禽丝虫病和近核疟原虫合并感染的遗传见解

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100303

Duriyang Narapakdeesakul , Witchuta Junsiri , Rittidet Kongtawee , Kajornsak Lattisarapunt , Piyanan Taweethavonsawat

Burmese fighting chickens (Gallus gallus) raised in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, eastern Thailand, were investigated for filarioids and co-infection with other haemoparasites. Microscopy and molecular diagnostic targeting the cox1 gene revealed that 2 out of 12 chickens tested positive for onchocercid filarioids. One chicken carried a single infection (Onchocercidae sp. CH09), characterized by unsheathed microfilariae with a cross-striated cuticle, a blunt anterior end, a short cephalic space, and a hook-like tail tip. Another chicken exhibited a mixed filarioid infection, necessitating the subcloning of two distinct isolates (Onchocercidae sp. CH07-S1 and CH07-S2). This chicken had two distinct microfilarial forms: (i) unsheathed microfilariae resembling Onchocercidae sp. CH09 and (ii) sheathed microfilariae with a short cephalic space and paired nuclei at both extremities. Genetic analyses of cox1 sequences demonstrated that these forms belong to two distinct species. Isolates CH09 and CH07-S1 closely resembled Onchocercidae sp. (Eufilaria sp.) ROE14 (GenBank: PQ564658) derived from a chicken in eastern Thailand. They constituted a clade phylogenetically distinct from other species of Eufilaria and Filarioidea in passerine birds and Culex mosquitoes, suggesting they may represent a potentially novel onchocercid or a distant Eufilaria species. CH07-S2 exhibited the closest genetic affinity to Onchocercidae sp. KLS08 (GenBank: PQ564657) derived from a chicken in eastern Thailand. Interestingly, they established a distinct clade from the other reported filarial genera that parasitize avian hosts, perhaps being a novel onchocercid species or genus within galliforms. Plasmodium juxtanucleare was identified in 6 out of 12 chickens, including one case of co-infection with onchocercids. Our study highlights the significance of molecular approaches in revealing filarial diversity and genetic relationships, while underscoring emerging hotspots of avian filariasis in Thailand and beyond.

对泰国东部那空叻差马省饲养的缅甸斗鸡（Gallus Gallus）进行了丝虫病和与其他血液寄生虫共感染的调查。显微镜和针对cox1基因的分子诊断显示，12只鸡中有2只盘尾丝虫病检测呈阳性。1只鸡携带单一感染（盘尾丝虫病科CH09），其特征是微丝蚴裸露，角质层呈交叉条纹，前端钝，头间隙短，尾尖呈钩状。另一只鸡表现出混合丝虫病感染，需要对两个不同的分离株（盘尾丝虫病科CH07-S1和CH07-S2）进行亚克隆。该鸡有两种不同的微丝虫体形态：(i)无鞘微丝虫体，类似盘尾丝虫科（Onchocercidae sp. CH09）；（ii）有鞘微丝虫体，头侧空间短，两端细胞核成对。对cox1序列的遗传分析表明，这些形式属于两个不同的物种。分离株CH09和CH07-S1与泰国东部鸡盘尾虫科（Eufilaria sp.） ROE14 （GenBank: PQ564658）相似。它们在系统发育上不同于雀形目鸟类和库蚊中的其他真丝虫和丝状总科，表明它们可能是一种潜在的新型盘尾丝虫或遥远的真丝虫种。CH07-S2与来自泰国东部一只鸡的盘尾丝虫科（Onchocercidae sp.） KLS08 （GenBank: PQ564657）遗传亲和度最高。有趣的是，他们建立了一个与其他报道的寄生于鸟类宿主的丝虫属不同的分支，可能是一个新的盘尾丝虫种或属。12只鸡中6只检出近核疟原虫，其中1例与盘尾丝虫病合并感染。我们的研究强调了分子方法在揭示丝虫病多样性和遗传关系方面的重要性，同时强调了泰国及其他地区禽类丝虫病的新兴热点。

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引用次数: 0

Worms and reproductive failure: First evidence of transplacental Halicephalobus transmission leading to repeated equine abortion 蠕虫和生殖失败：经胎盘传播导致马反复流产的第一个证据

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100309

Andrea Springer , Christin Krüger , Christina Strube , Dirk Steinhauer

Infections with facultatively parasitic Halicephalobus spp. nematodes are usually fatal in animals and humans. Here, transplacental transmission of a species of Halicephalobus is described for the first time, causing reproductive failure of a mare during two consecutive gestations. In both cases, histology showed adult and larval nematodes in the placenta and various foetal organs, without signs of generalized halicephalobosis in the mare. An identical 18S rRNA-ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 sequence generated from both placentas showed considerable divergence from a previously sequenced equine isolate, suggesting cryptic diversity among Halicephalobus isolates in vertebrates. This ubiquitous nematode may be a cause of equine abortion associated with considerable economic loss. Future research should aim at exploring effective treatment options and clarifying the true taxonomic diversity within the genus Halicephalobus.

同时性寄生哈利头线虫的感染在动物和人类中通常是致命的。本文首次描述了一种Halicephalobus的经胎盘传播，导致母马在连续两次妊娠期间生殖失败。在这两个病例中，组织学显示成虫和幼虫在胎盘和各种胎儿器官中都有线虫，母马没有全身性线虫病的迹象。从两个胎盘中获得的相同的18S rRNA-ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列与先前测序的马分离物显示出相当大的差异，表明脊椎动物中Halicephalobus分离物存在隐性多样性。这种无处不在的线虫可能是导致马流产的原因，并造成相当大的经济损失。未来的研究应着眼于探索有效的治疗方案，并澄清海胆属的真正分类多样性。

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of haemotropic mycoplasmas and blood piroplasmids in domestic and wild ruminants in Slovakia, Central Europe 中欧斯洛伐克家养和野生反刍动物中嗜血支原体和血螺旋体的流行

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100270

Dana Zubriková , Lucia Vargová , Júlia Halapy , Branislav Lukáč , Veronika Blažeková , Klaudia Mária Švirlochová , Eva Čisovská Bazsalovicsová , Ján Čurlík , Ivana Heglasová , Bronislava Víchová

Some piroplasmids and haemotropic mycoplasmas are important pathogens affecting domestic and wild animals, leading to various clinical symptoms and economic losses. This study aimed to determine, for the first time, the prevalence of haemotropic mycoplasmas and Babesia/Theileria species in domestic and wild ruminants in Slovakia, Central Europe. Blood samples from cattle, goats, and sheep (n = 549) and liver samples from red deer (n = 43) were collected across Slovakia between 2008 and 2024. DNA was extracted and screened by PCR and sequencing for haemotropic mycoplasmas and piroplasmids. The overall prevalence of haemotropic mycoplasmas was highest in cattle at 53.3% (124/232) and in sheep at 60% (90/150), whereas the prevalence in goats was substantially lower (4.2%; 7/167). Specifically, Mycoplasma wenyonii and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematobovis” were detected in cattle, while Mycoplasma ovis-like microorganisms were identified in sheep and goats. For Babesia/Theileria species, a prevalence of 1.8% was recorded in goats, with no detections in sheep, and a prevalence of 65.1% was confirmed in red deer, where sequencing confirmed the presence of Theileria capreoli. This study presents the first report on the prevalence of haemotropic mycoplasmas in ruminants in Slovakia, highlighting the need for further research into transmission dynamics and potential zoonotic risks.

一些螺质粒和嗜血支原体是影响家畜和野生动物的重要病原体，可导致各种临床症状和经济损失。本研究旨在首次确定中欧斯洛伐克家养和野生反刍动物中嗜血支原体和巴贝斯虫/氏杆菌的流行情况。2008年至2024年间，在斯洛伐克各地收集了牛、山羊和绵羊的血液样本（n = 549）和马鹿的肝脏样本（n = 43）。提取嗜血性支原体和螺质粒DNA，进行PCR筛选和测序。嗜血支原体的总体流行率在牛中最高，为53.3%(124/232)，在绵羊中最高，为60%(90/150)，而山羊的流行率则低得多(4.2%；7/167)。其中，在牛中检出文氏支原体和牛血候选支原体，在绵羊和山羊中检出卵样支原体。对于巴贝斯虫/希勒氏菌，山羊中记录的流行率为1.8%，绵羊中未检测到，马鹿中确认的流行率为65.1%，其中测序证实了卡氏希勒氏菌的存在。本研究首次报告了斯洛伐克反刍动物中嗜血性支原体的流行情况，强调需要进一步研究其传播动态和潜在的人畜共患风险。

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引用次数: 0

Gene regulation in Cryptosporidium: New insights and unanswered questions 隐孢子虫的基因调控：新的见解和未解决的问题

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100280

Samantha Gunasekera , Jessica C. Kissinger

Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium have evolved to have a highly compact genome of ∼9.1 Mb. The mechanisms that regulate gene expression in Cryptosporidium spp. remain incompletely understood at all levels, including chromatin accessibility, transcription factor activation and repression and RNA processing. This review discusses possible mechanisms of gene regulation in Cryptosporidium spp., including histone modifications, cis regulatory elements, transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. Cryptosporidium spp. are among the most basal branching apicomplexans and existing evidence suggests that they diverge from other members of their phylum via retention of the E2F/DP1 transcription factor family, and the recent discovery that C. parvum produces polycistronic transcripts. Most of what we know about gene regulation in the genus Cryptosporidium is based on sequence conservation and homology with other members of the phylum Apicomplexa, and in some cases, more distant eukaryotes. Very few putative gene regulatory components identified in Cryptosporidium spp. are supported by experimental confirmation. This review summarizes what we know about gene regulation in Cryptosporidium spp. and identifies gaps in our current understanding.

隐孢子虫属寄生虫已经进化出一个高度紧凑的基因组，约9.1 Mb。隐孢子虫基因表达的调控机制在各个层面上仍然不完全清楚，包括染色质可及性、转录因子激活和抑制以及RNA加工。本文综述了隐孢子虫基因调控的可能机制，包括组蛋白修饰、顺式调控元件、转录因子和非编码rna。隐孢子虫是最基础的顶复体分支之一，现有证据表明，它们通过保留E2F/DP1转录因子家族和最近发现的小隐孢子虫产生多顺反子转录物而与门的其他成员分化。我们对隐孢子虫属基因调控的了解大多是基于序列保守和与顶复合体门其他成员的同源性，在某些情况下，甚至是更远的真核生物。在隐孢子虫中发现的基因调控成分很少得到实验证实。本文对隐孢子虫的基因调控进行了综述，并指出了目前认识中的不足。

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引用次数: 0