Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) refers to an erythematous, shared, and painful complication resulting from chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Aim: This study aimed to discuss OM in chemotherapy patients and the use of propolis in medicine inside the hospital and before preparing for or during chemotherapy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across three databases, adhering strictly to the inclusion criteria of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to maintain research integrity and relevance. The methodological approach was guided by the PRISMA guidelines to ensure systematic rigor and transparency in reporting. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, the Evidence- Based Nursing (EBN) approach specific to randomized trials was employed. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted using a fixed random-effects model, allowing for the synthesis of evidence across studies with the calculation of odds ratios to quantify treatment effects.

Results: The meta-analysis incorporated seven studies assessing the efficacy of propolis in the treatment of oral mucositis among patients undergoing chemotherapy. The results demonstrated a marked improvement in the condition of patients receiving propolis, with a statistically significant odd ratio (OR) of 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.70; P = 0.003). However, the analysis did present some asymmetry (z = -1.5970, P = 0.1103) with a limit estimation of b = 0.3653 [CI: -0.7395, 1.4702], indicating a potential trend towards the effectiveness of propolis, though these results did not achieve statistical significance.

Conclusion: The present findings suggest a promising but not yet definitively proven benefit of propolis in managing oral mucositis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that seriously endangers human health, and mesenchymal stem cell [MSC] therapy is an emerging medical approach. Therefore, analyzing the effectiveness of MSCs in the literature is highly important for building relevant knowledge networks and promoting development in this field.

Methods: The Web of Science database was selected as the source of literature, and all the literature on MSCs in diabetes from January 1, 2000, to October 18, 2023, was selected. After screening, CiteSpace and VOSviewer were imported into bibliometric software to construct the knowledge visualization map. Journal analysis, author analysis, country/region analysis, reference analysis, and keyword analysis were performed.

Results: A total of 2912 articles and reviews were included. The number of articles on the use of MSCs for the treatment of diabetes is increasing annually. These publications originate mainly from 90 countries and 278 institutions, of which China and the United States were the top producers. We identified 15384 authors, with Liu Jiejie having the largest number of articles and Shapiro Amj being the most frequently co-cited. Stem Cell Res Ther was the most studied journal, and Diabetes was the most frequently cited journal. After analysis, the most common keywords were MSCs, diabetes mellitus, expression, transplantation, and differentiation.

Conclusions: Research into MSC-based interventions for diabetes is booming. In the future, cooperation and connections between various countries and institutions should be strengthened. MSCinduced differentiation into insulin-producing cells, MSCs homing in vivo, the therapeutic effect of MSCs on diabetic nephropathy, and the therapeutic effect of exosomes secreted by MSCs constitute the current research hotspots and development trends for future research.

Background: Perineal necrotizing fasciitis, or Fournier's gangrene, is a rare but rapidly progressing condition characterized by fascial necrosis. It is a severe, potentially life-threatening infection requiring prompt diagnosis and standardized treatment to optimize patient outcomes.

Case presentation: A 48-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes developed necrotizing fasciitis of the right perineum secondary to an ischial tuberosity pressure ulcer. She had a prior spinal cord injury resulting in sensory dysfunction in the lower limbs, which masked significant pain. Management included surgical debridement, open wound care, antimicrobial therapy, and a free skin graft for wound closure.

Conclusion: Effective treatment of necrotizing fasciitis relies on aggressive debridement and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention to improve clinical diagnostic and management strategies.

Background: As a systemic metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes has gradually become a disease that seriously threatens human health and quality of life worldwide. Many studies have shown that its pathogenesis and treatment are closely related to intestinal cells. However, the research in this field lacks relevant bibliometric analysis. This study aims to review the knowledge structure and research hot spots on intestinal cells and type 2 diabetes and provide a new direction for its future research through bibliometric methods and visual knowledge maps.

Methods: Using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, we searched the related literature on intestinal cells and type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2023, and made bibliometric analysis through VOSviewer, CiteSpace, the "Bibliometrix" R package, and Scimago Graphica. Combined with Bradford's Law, Price's Law, Lotka's Law, and Zipf's law, bibliometrics analysis was conducted on publication time, author, country/region, keywords, journals, and references related to publications in this field.

Results: A total of 394 articles were included from 51 countries, led by the United States and China. In the past 20 years, the publication of relevant literature has shown a steady growth trend. These articles are from 2486 authors. Among them, Ti-dong Shan and Tao Yu from China have published the most literature, the University of Toronto is the main research institution, the Journal of Biological Chemistry is the journal with the most common citations, and the most prominently cited article is Sugar absorption in the industry: the role of GLUT2.

Conclusion: This study is the first bibliometric analysis that comprehensively summarizes the research trends and hot spots of intestinal cells and type 2 diabetes. This information determines the research hot spots and research frontiers in this field. The hot spots of research are "intestinal epithelial cells", "GLP-1", "SGLT-1", "GLUT2", and "intestinal endocrine cell", while "intestinal epithelial stem cells", "short-chain fatty acid", "bile acid" and "bariatric surgery" may be the focus of future research, which helps clinicians better understand the relationship between intestinal cells and type 2 diabetes, and provides a reference direction for future scholars in this field.

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) include immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of the LTT and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assays in assessing lymphocyte proliferation in IEI patients.

Methods: We utilized radioactive [3H]-thymidine and non-radioactive CFSE to measure lymphocyte proliferation in three distinct groups: syndromic CID (SyCID), non-syndromic combined immunodeficiency (N-SyCID), and primary antibody deficiency (PAD).

Results: LTT identified 8 cases of abnormal lymphocyte proliferation among all patients, whereas CFSE detected 23 cases. In the N-SyCID group, LTT identified more abnormalities than CFSE, whereas, in the SyCID and PAD groups, CFSE detected more defects. Two patients with ataxia telangiectasia and CVID had positive results on both LTT and CFSE tests, and a specific ORAI1 gene mutation resulted in differing test outcomes.

Conclusion: It was found that the CFSE method is a reliable and practical choice for measuring mitogenic T-cell responses in unclassified IEI patients for confirmation of immunologic diagnosis.

Background: This research attempts to clarify whether there are any genetic similarities between sleep traits and hypothyroidism based on publicly accessible large-scale genomewide association studies.

Methods: The methodology included colocalization analysis, crossphenotype association analysis, and linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis to find common genetic overlap. Through tissue function specificity and functional mapping, we were able to identify the shared genetic level. Genetic instrumental factors were used for causal inference in two-sample univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses.

Results: A hereditary correlation between hypothyroidism and napping during the day and getting up in the morning (rg=-0.0982, P=0.0007; rg=-0.101, P=0.0001). MAGI3, and HLA-DRB1 BX296568.1 may be potential targets for shared treatments. Colocalization and tissue-specific analysis demonstrated that the common genes and SNPs were identified in the thyroid, lung, brain, and lymphatic tissues. Functional analysis emphasized the importance of these common genes in processes like as protein transport, inflammatory response, and MHC class II protein synthesis. Furthermore, an association has been established between hypothyroidism and sleep duration (IVW, OR 1.5208; 95% CI 1.1142-2.0758, P=0.0082) and getting up in the morning (IVW, OR 1.8375; 95%CI: 1.4502-2.3284, P=4.73E-07). Furthermore, the reverse MR analysis revealed no causal connection between aberrant sleep traits and hypothyroidism. The enduring impact of insomnia on hypothyroidism persists despite controlling for alcohol consumption and smoking habits.

Conclusion: Certain genetic correlations between sleep traits and hypothyroidism have been emphasized. These findings may elucidate the origin of comorbidity and have implications for future clinical trials.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem and a leading cause of death in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks KSA as the seventh country with the highest diabetes prevalence in the world. The healthcare and treatment costs for diabetes have risen by more than 500% in the last two decades. Obesity is the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which involves insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Genetic and environmental factors also influence the development of T2DM. There are various options for controlling blood glucose in T2DM patients, including a new class of oral drugs called sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). These drugs reduce glucose reabsorption and increase glucose excretion in the kidney. They can be used at any stage of diabetes and have benefits such as lowering blood pressure, A1C levels, and body weight. Dapagliflozin is one of the SGLT2 inhibitors that is well tolerated by T2DM patients. This review examines the impact of T2DM in KSA, its risk factors and complications, and the role of Dapagliflozin in its management. It also provides expert opinions on the current situation of T2DM in KSA.

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is characterized by immune-mediated sterile synovitis brought on by an infection that enters the body through the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts from a distance. The diseases known as seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SSA) include undifferentiated arthritis (uSpA) and reactive arthritis (ReA). Cytokines are crucial in orchestrating an effective immune response to eliminate bacterial infections, such as those seen in ReA (Reactive Arthritis) conditions. The balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is particularly important in determining the outcome of infections associated with ReA. TNF-α and IFN-γ are key antibacterial Th1 cytokines that promote cell-mediated immunity, essential for effective cellular responses against intracellular bacteria. In contrast, Th2 cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 are more involved in generating humoral immunity and allergic responses. The mechanisms underlying the differentiation of T helper lymphocytes, which lead to a skewed cytokine secretion profile, remain unclear. Several factors, including the local inflammatory environment, IL-12 levels during T cell priming, variations among antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and antigen dose, have been suggested as potential contributors. This review will explore the critical role of metabolomics in cytokine production and its profound impact on the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis.

Background: Sphingolipid metabolism (SM) has been implicated in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). However, its potential as a prognostic biomarker in GC remains underexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of using SM to predict GC prognosis.

Methods: Sphingolipid metabolism-related genes (SMRGs) were extracted from the GeneCards database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the TCGA-STAD and GSE84437 gastric cancer datasets. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify genes associated with survival. Lasso-Cox and random survival forest analyses were employed to identify key survival-related genes, followed by multivariate Cox regression to establish a prognostic model and calculate the sphingolipid metabolism score (SMscore). The lasso-Cox analysis further assessed the prognostic significance of clinical traits and the SMscore. Hyperparameters were optimized using machine learning models to achieve the most accurate prognostic model. The potential utility of the SMscore in GC prognosis was evaluated, and hub gene expression was validated through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Results: ELOVL4, NOS3, and ABCA2 were identified as key prognostic genes from a pool of 556 SMRGs. The optimal prognostic model was developed and validated, demonstrating robust predictive performance. IHC staining revealed increased expression of ELOVL4 and NOS3 in tumor tissues, which correlated significantly with poor prognosis.

Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis and IHC validation suggest that ELOVL4 expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC, providing new insights for prognosis prediction and therapeutic target development in gastric cancer.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent human infections, which triggers various infectious diseases like soft tissue infection, lethal pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia. The most common pathogen responsible for simple cystitis is E.coli; however, it also causes pneumonia, bacteremia, and abdominal infections, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Objective: Chinese medicines have been used effectively in the treatment of infectious disorders; thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Chinese medicine against S. aureus.

Methods: An extract of traditional Chinese medicine was prepared using nine compounds: tongcao, talc, red peony root, fennel, guangui, lychee core, dry sunflower, dianthus, and purslane, to evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN450RF.

Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the Chinese medicine measured by the consecutive double dilution technique was 200g/L. The drug-resistant plasmid was transferred equally well under controlled laboratory conditions with a median conjugation frequency of 1.1x106. The maximum activity of conjugated transfer of resistant drug plasmid of E. coli CP9 (R45) was observed at 2/1 MIC (100 g/L drug concentration), 32h time interval, with a bacterial concentration 108 CFU/ml.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the secondary inhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC) of the Chinese medicine solution can promote the combination and transfer of the resistance plasmid of Chinese medicine (R45) between different strains. The drug concentration, binding time, and initial bacterial concentration have different degrees of positive promotion effects on the conjugation and transfer of drug-resistant plasmids. Traditional Chinese medicine might be a potentially huge disease management and infection control resource.