Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i07/1921
A. Adetiloye, Alexander Akor, O. Awopeju, O. Adewole, Olurotimi Badero, Gregory Erhabor
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects millions of people with increasing global prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Inhaled medications are central to the management of COPD. Therefore, understanding the minimum Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF) requirements for inhaler devices is vital for optimal drug delivery. This study assessed PIF in patients with COPD compared with controls and, the influence of age, sex and anthropometric measurements on PIF. Methodology: A total of 150 subjects (75 patients with stable COPD, and 75 controls) participated in the study. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected from the study participants. Peak inspiratory flow was assessed using the In-check peak flow meter. Lung function was assessed by spirometry. In all the statistical tests, a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The control group had higher PIF than COPD group. All of the COPD patients had clinically effective PIF for Clickhaler, Diskus, Easibreathe, and pMDI. Majority of the COPD patients had clinically effective PIF for Turbohaler, and Autohaler. The mean PIF of male patients with COPD was significantly greater than that of females for Turbohaler. For the COPD group, there was a significant negative correlation between PIF and age for Diskus, Autohaler and Easibreathe. Significant positive correlation was also noted between PIF and weight for turbohaler, autohaler and easibreathe. Conclusion: Majority of COPD patients utilizing dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are able to generate effective PIF. Increasing age, female gender, low body weight and low BMI may contribute to low PIF.
{"title":"Influence of Age, Sex and Anthropometry on Inspiratory Flow Rates of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"A. Adetiloye, Alexander Akor, O. Awopeju, O. Adewole, Olurotimi Badero, Gregory Erhabor","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i07/1921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i07/1921","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects millions of people with increasing global prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Inhaled medications are central to the management of COPD. Therefore, understanding the minimum Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF) requirements for inhaler devices is vital for optimal drug delivery. This study assessed PIF in patients with COPD compared with controls and, the influence of age, sex and anthropometric measurements on PIF. Methodology: A total of 150 subjects (75 patients with stable COPD, and 75 controls) participated in the study. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected from the study participants. Peak inspiratory flow was assessed using the In-check peak flow meter. Lung function was assessed by spirometry. In all the statistical tests, a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The control group had higher PIF than COPD group. All of the COPD patients had clinically effective PIF for Clickhaler, Diskus, Easibreathe, and pMDI. Majority of the COPD patients had clinically effective PIF for Turbohaler, and Autohaler. The mean PIF of male patients with COPD was significantly greater than that of females for Turbohaler. For the COPD group, there was a significant negative correlation between PIF and age for Diskus, Autohaler and Easibreathe. Significant positive correlation was also noted between PIF and weight for turbohaler, autohaler and easibreathe. Conclusion: Majority of COPD patients utilizing dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are able to generate effective PIF. Increasing age, female gender, low body weight and low BMI may contribute to low PIF.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":"34 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1894
Ricardo Pereira, Hugo Jorge Casimiro, Joana Carreira, Pedro L. De Freitas, Pedro Carreira, Susana Marques
Not Applicable
不适用
{"title":"Kallmann Syndrome: A Late Diagnosis","authors":"Ricardo Pereira, Hugo Jorge Casimiro, Joana Carreira, Pedro L. De Freitas, Pedro Carreira, Susana Marques","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1894","url":null,"abstract":"Not Applicable","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":"41 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1886
Abdellah Enourhbi, Anas Auhmani, Youssef Quamous
Conducted over two years (2020-2021), study included hospitalized patients with scorpion stings, totaling 210 cases admitted to the Provincial Hospital of HAUT ATLAS AZILAL. Patients, with a mean age of 11.4 years, showed a female predominance. Most cases (73.81%) were from rural areas, with 67.14% of bites occurring at night and primarily affecting distal limb parts (91%). Summer months, especially July, August, and September, saw a peak in frequency (70.4%). Black scorpions accounted for 61.9% of stings. The post-sting time varied from 30 to 370 minutes, with 63.8% treated before the second hour. Clinically, 36% were in class I (Local Signs), 51% in class II (General Signs), and only 13% in class III (Vital Distress).
{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Aspect of Scorpion Stings in the Region of Azilal","authors":"Abdellah Enourhbi, Anas Auhmani, Youssef Quamous","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1886","url":null,"abstract":"Conducted over two years (2020-2021), study included hospitalized patients with scorpion stings, totaling 210 cases admitted to the Provincial Hospital of HAUT ATLAS AZILAL.\u0000Patients, with a mean age of 11.4 years, showed a female predominance. Most cases (73.81%) were from rural areas, with 67.14% of bites occurring at night and primarily affecting distal limb parts (91%). Summer months, especially July, August, and September, saw a peak in frequency (70.4%). Black scorpions accounted for 61.9% of stings. The post-sting time varied from 30 to 370 minutes, with 63.8% treated before the second hour. Clinically, 36% were in class I (Local Signs), 51% in class II (General Signs), and only 13% in class III (Vital Distress).","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osteochondromas are relatively common benign bone tumors often located at the metaphyseal ends of long bones, however, they are very rare in the head and neck region. we present a case of 41 years old, old man with osteochondromatasis of the laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial cartilage hospitalized in intensive care for respiratory distress.
{"title":"Laryngeal Osteochondromatosis, A Rare and Potentially Fatal Diagnosis","authors":"Rhezzali Manal, Abdellah Enourhbi, Ilyass Ennour idrissi, Taoufik Abou Elhassan, Nejmi Hicham","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1887","url":null,"abstract":"Osteochondromas are relatively common benign bone tumors often located at the metaphyseal ends of long bones, however, they are very rare in the head and neck region. we present a case of 41 years old, old man with osteochondromatasis of the laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial cartilage hospitalized in intensive care for respiratory distress.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1891
Dhamodhara Kannan Shivarajan, Prof Dr. Siddharth P. Dubhashi Dubhashi, Dr Bhupendra Mehra Mehra, Dr Divish Saxena Saxena
Background: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour (MPNST) is a rare but aggressive type of soft tissue tumor. In cases associated with neurofibromatosis, where they often develop from existing plexiform neurofibromas, prognosis is poorer compared to sporadic cases. MPNST originating from a cranial nerve is extremely uncommon, requiring systematic diagnosis and surgical management based on thorough history, clinical examination, and lab tests. Case report: Our case involves a young adult male who presented with a 10 x 8 cm neck mass in the left anterior triangle, alongside other neurofibromatosis features like cafe-au-lait spots and Lisch nodules. MRI and CECT revealed a well-defined mass from the left Vagus nerve, adjacent to the left carotid artery and jugular vein. Biopsy confirmed neurofibroma, and the mass was surgically excised with negative margins, revealing MPNST upon histopathology. Conclusion: The uncommon occurrence of MPNST originating from a cranial nerve, along with its potential for local invasion and distant spread, underscores the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention.
{"title":"Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour of Left Vagus: A Rare Presentation in Neurofibromatosis-1","authors":"Dhamodhara Kannan Shivarajan, Prof Dr. Siddharth P. Dubhashi Dubhashi, Dr Bhupendra Mehra Mehra, Dr Divish Saxena Saxena","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1891","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour (MPNST) is a rare but aggressive type of soft tissue tumor. In cases associated with neurofibromatosis, where they often develop from existing plexiform neurofibromas, prognosis is poorer compared to sporadic cases. MPNST originating from a cranial nerve is extremely uncommon, requiring systematic diagnosis and surgical management based on thorough history, clinical examination, and lab tests. Case report: Our case involves a young adult male who presented with a 10 x 8 cm neck mass in the left anterior triangle, alongside other neurofibromatosis features like cafe-au-lait spots and Lisch nodules. MRI and CECT revealed a well-defined mass from the left Vagus nerve, adjacent to the left carotid artery and jugular vein. Biopsy confirmed neurofibroma, and the mass was surgically excised with negative margins, revealing MPNST upon histopathology. Conclusion: The uncommon occurrence of MPNST originating from a cranial nerve, along with its potential for local invasion and distant spread, underscores the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":" 464","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1884
Zakia Bennoui, Mourad Abdelbaki
Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) is rare, has multiple cause and is diagnosed late due to the absence of specific signs. It often leads to confusion with restrictive cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis can be oriented by a simple chest x-ray which shows pericardial calcifications in the form of a shell enveloping the cardiac silhouette, and confirmed by cardiac Doppler echo, right heart catheterization, and in some cases cardiac computed tomography (CT) and MRI. We report the case of a 27-year-old female patient hospitalized for suspected restrictive cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation, which had been developing for several years. The diagnosis of CCP was made in her. Through this case, we will discuss the diagnostic means and management of this pathology.
慢性缩窄性心包炎（CCP）很罕见，有多种病因，由于没有特殊体征，诊断较晚。它常常与限制性心肌病混淆。诊断可通过简单的胸部 X 光片来确定，X 光片显示心包钙化呈贝壳状包绕心脏轮廓，并通过心脏多普勒回声检查、右心导管检查以及某些情况下的心脏计算机断层扫描（CT）和核磁共振成像（MRI）来确诊。我们报告了一例 27 岁女性患者的病例，她因疑似局限性心肌病合并心房颤动而住院治疗，病程已持续数年。她被诊断为 CCP。通过本病例，我们将讨论该病症的诊断手段和治疗方法。
{"title":"Atrial Fibrillation Revealing Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis","authors":"Zakia Bennoui, Mourad Abdelbaki","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1884","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) is rare, has multiple cause and is diagnosed late due to the absence of specific signs. It often leads to confusion with restrictive cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis can be oriented by a simple chest x-ray which shows pericardial calcifications in the form of a shell enveloping the cardiac silhouette, and confirmed by cardiac Doppler echo, right heart catheterization, and in some cases cardiac computed tomography (CT) and MRI. We report the case of a 27-year-old female patient hospitalized for suspected restrictive cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation, which had been developing for several years. The diagnosis of CCP was made in her. Through this case, we will discuss the diagnostic means and management of this pathology.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1888
Dr Nitin Sherkar, Dr. Bhupendra Mehra Mehra, Dr. Siddharth P. Dubhashi, Dr. Senthilkumaran K. K, Dr. Vinod Pusdekar Pusdekar, Dr. Ateet Fulmali Fulmali
Hydatid disease is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is likely to affect all organs. However, primary hydatid cysts of muscle tissue are so uncommon. A timely and precise diagnosis is critical to avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. Here, we present a case of a 29-year-old female presented with soft tissue swelling over the anterior aspect of the right thigh. The diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was made based on ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A complete surgical excision of the cyst was done with an uneventful postoperative course.
{"title":"A Primary Hydatid Cyst of Thigh Mimicking as Soft Tissue Tumour: Diagnostic Dilemma","authors":"Dr Nitin Sherkar, Dr. Bhupendra Mehra Mehra, Dr. Siddharth P. Dubhashi, Dr. Senthilkumaran K. K, Dr. Vinod Pusdekar Pusdekar, Dr. Ateet Fulmali Fulmali","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1888","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid disease is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is likely to affect all organs. However, primary hydatid cysts of muscle tissue are so uncommon. A timely and precise diagnosis is critical to avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. Here, we present a case of a 29-year-old female presented with soft tissue swelling over the anterior aspect of the right thigh. The diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was made based on ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A complete surgical excision of the cyst was done with an uneventful postoperative course.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":" 54","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1895
Zaid Mukhlif, Waleed Ibraheem Ali
Background: Diarrhea, a life-threatening condition in children under two years, is largely controllable with probiotics, which colonize the bowel, reducing the severity and duration of acute diarrhea. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and role of probiotics in treating diarrhea in children under two years old. Methods: The study is an open-label, nonblinded randomized controlled trial that followed 60 patients in Fallujah city. Patients were divided into two groups, one receiving probiotics and the other not. Treatments included oral rehydration solution, lactose-free formula, and zinc supplementation. Probiotics used were yeast-derived “saccharomyces boulardii”. The confidence level was 95%. Results: The average age of the children was 10.8 ± 5.8 months, 50% of them were males and the majority 83.3% were on milk formula. The duration of the diarrhea among the included children were significantly shorter among the group who has been given probiotics by about one day compared to other group, with adjustment to their age [B= -0.744, (95% CI: -1.455 to -0.033)]. The magnitude of probiotic treatment effect found to shorten the duration of the diarrhea by 50%. Conclusions: The study indicates that co-administration of probiotics with standard rehydration therapy reduces diarrhea duration by a mean of 1 day in children under 2 years old, and by 50%.
{"title":"An Interventional Study to Measure the Role of Probiotics in Treating Diarrhea in Sample of Children in Fallujah City, Iraq","authors":"Zaid Mukhlif, Waleed Ibraheem Ali","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1895","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhea, a life-threatening condition in children under two years, is largely controllable with probiotics, which colonize the bowel, reducing the severity and duration of acute diarrhea. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and role of probiotics in treating diarrhea in children under two years old. Methods: The study is an open-label, nonblinded randomized controlled trial that followed 60 patients in Fallujah city. Patients were divided into two groups, one receiving probiotics and the other not. Treatments included oral rehydration solution, lactose-free formula, and zinc supplementation. Probiotics used were yeast-derived “saccharomyces boulardii”. The confidence level was 95%. Results: The average age of the children was 10.8 ± 5.8 months, 50% of them were males and the majority 83.3% were on milk formula. The duration of the diarrhea among the included children were significantly shorter among the group who has been given probiotics by about one day compared to other group, with adjustment to their age [B= -0.744, (95% CI: -1.455 to -0.033)]. The magnitude of probiotic treatment effect found to shorten the duration of the diarrhea by 50%. Conclusions: The study indicates that co-administration of probiotics with standard rehydration therapy reduces diarrhea duration by a mean of 1 day in children under 2 years old, and by 50%.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-12DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1877
Oluwole Adegoke Nuga, Anuoluwapo Adigun, Emmanuel Shobanke, A. Abdulhamid
Introduction: Antimalarial is listed among the most common type of live saving medicines that are counterfeited. In Nigeria counterfeited antimalarial continue to pose a great threat to the health of the citizens and there is the need to assess its incidence within the country’s six zones. This study assessed the prevalence of counterfeited antimalarial within the six geographical zones of Nigeria and the impact of zones on counterfeiting using a machine learning model for classification. Methodology: Secondary data on 2442 antimalarial collected from all the states in Nigeria were grouped based on geographical zones. The medicines were tested for originality using the gold approach for detection of counterfeit medicine; the Standard Scientific Laboratory (SSL) Data was separated to 70% training and 30% testing and 10- fold Cross Validation (CV) was performed. The training set was used to derive the models while the test set was used to evaluate the performance of the models. Three varieties of the training data were generated using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). This was done to ensure a more accurate prediction and a better model performance. Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) models were thereafter fitted to the training data and the three varieties of its resampling. The four models namely M1, M2, M3 and M4 were fitted with data containing 33%, 40%, 45% and 50% of the counterfeited antimalarial class respectively. The performance of the four fitted models were assessed with metrics like sensitivity, specificity and model accuracy. Results: The results showed that there is a higher incidence of counterfeited antimalarial in the north-east and south-east zones than in the other four zones of Nigeria. The work also revealed model accuracies of 67%, 65.8%, 65.8% and 56,8% for M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively. M1 was biased as it did not correctly predict any counterfeited antimalarial. M2 and M3 performed better than M4 in terms of model accuracy and specificity while M4 performed better only in terms of model sensitivity. Conclusion: Overall, only 66% of antimalarial was correctly predicted by the best performing model. This suggest that zone alone is not adequate to classify or predict originality/counterfeiting status of Antimalarial in Nigeria.
{"title":"A Machine Learning Model for Assessing the Prevalence of Counterfeit Antimalarial in Geographical Zones of Nigeria","authors":"Oluwole Adegoke Nuga, Anuoluwapo Adigun, Emmanuel Shobanke, A. Abdulhamid","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1877","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antimalarial is listed among the most common type of live saving medicines that are counterfeited. In Nigeria counterfeited antimalarial continue to pose a great threat to the health of the citizens and there is the need to assess its incidence within the country’s six zones. This study assessed the prevalence of counterfeited antimalarial within the six geographical zones of Nigeria and the impact of zones on counterfeiting using a machine learning model for classification. Methodology: Secondary data on 2442 antimalarial collected from all the states in Nigeria were grouped based on geographical zones. The medicines were tested for originality using the gold approach for detection of counterfeit medicine; the Standard Scientific Laboratory (SSL) Data was separated to 70% training and 30% testing and 10- fold Cross Validation (CV) was performed. The training set was used to derive the models while the test set was used to evaluate the performance of the models. Three varieties of the training data were generated using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). This was done to ensure a more accurate prediction and a better model performance. Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) models were thereafter fitted to the training data and the three varieties of its resampling. The four models namely M1, M2, M3 and M4 were fitted with data containing 33%, 40%, 45% and 50% of the counterfeited antimalarial class respectively. The performance of the four fitted models were assessed with metrics like sensitivity, specificity and model accuracy. Results: The results showed that there is a higher incidence of counterfeited antimalarial in the north-east and south-east zones than in the other four zones of Nigeria. The work also revealed model accuracies of 67%, 65.8%, 65.8% and 56,8% for M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively. M1 was biased as it did not correctly predict any counterfeited antimalarial. M2 and M3 performed better than M4 in terms of model accuracy and specificity while M4 performed better only in terms of model sensitivity. Conclusion: Overall, only 66% of antimalarial was correctly predicted by the best performing model. This suggest that zone alone is not adequate to classify or predict originality/counterfeiting status of Antimalarial in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":94374,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research in medical science","volume":" 88","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-12DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i05/1874
A. Patki, Rohit Shelatkar, Monica Singh, Sweta Agarwal, Venugopal M, Shashikant Umbardand, Apoorva Reddy, Priya Kannan, S. Gorthi, Gautam Khastgir, Anita Kulshreshtha, G. Ganu
Introduction: Oxidative stress, sperm apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation are significant factors in male infertility. Sperm DNA damage is associated with reduced fertility and increased frequency of spontaneous abortions and affects embryo quality. Spermatogenesis is an energy-intensive process, it requires a highly balanced supply of minerals, antioxidants, and nutrients. Hence, food supplementation is thought to be a potential therapeutic option that may improve seminal fluid conditions, provide energy to male germ cells, and protect them from oxidative stress. Methodology: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with the Oligocare Forte Plus tablet in treating oligospermia in subfertile males. Reduction in DNA fragmentation index % (DFI) was assessed at baseline and day 90 along with the pregnancy incidences amongst the couple enrolled for study. Results: Subjects with initially elevated DFI demonstrated a significant decrease post intervention. Among those with DFI >20%, Oligocare Forte Plus group witnessed an 18.63% reduction versus 12.63% in the placebo group. For DFI >40%, the decrease was 44.84% with Oligocare Forte Plus compared to 26.87% with placebo. The Oligocare Forte Plus group exhibited more incidence of pregnancy. Notably, there were no instances of premature subject discontinuation. Throughout the study, no adverse events or abnormalities were reported, indicating the safety and favorable tolerance of the Oligocare Forte Plus tablet. Conclusion: The current study serves as a confirmatory examination of the efficacy of Oligocare Forte Plus for the treatment of Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, aiming to establish its viability as a therapeutic option before considering Intrauterine Insemination, Assisted Reproductive Technologies, or In Vitro fertilization procedures.
导言氧化应激、精子凋亡和 DNA 断裂是导致男性不育的重要因素。精子 DNA 损伤与生育能力下降、自然流产频率增加有关，并影响胚胎质量。精子发生是一个能量密集型过程，需要高度均衡的矿物质、抗氧化剂和营养素供应。因此，食物补充被认为是一种潜在的治疗方法，可改善精液状况，为男性生殖细胞提供能量，并保护它们免受氧化应激。研究方法使用 Oligocare Forte Plus 片剂治疗未育男性少精症的随机安慰剂对照临床试验。在基线和第 90 天评估 DNA 破碎指数（DFI）的降低情况，以及参加研究的夫妇的怀孕率。结果显示最初 DFI 升高的受试者在干预后明显降低。在 DFI >20% 的受试者中，Oligocare Forte Plus 组减少了 18.63%，而安慰剂组减少了 12.63%。在 DFI >40% 的患者中，Oligocare Forte Plus 减少了 44.84%，而安慰剂减少了 26.87%。Oligocare Forte Plus 组的妊娠发生率更高。值得注意的是，没有出现受试者过早停药的情况。在整个研究过程中，没有任何不良事件或异常报告，这表明 Oligocare Forte Plus 片剂的安全性和耐受性良好。结论本研究是对 Oligocare Forte Plus 治疗少精症疗效的确认性检查，目的是在考虑宫腔内人工授精、辅助生殖技术或体外受精程序之前，确定其作为治疗选择的可行性。
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