The results of analysis of a collection of square diagonal grids are used to establish a number of facts regarding the effects of torsional and shearing rigidities on the behaviour of these structures. It is shown that the influence of both torsional and shearing rigidities on the behaviour may be quite considerable and that the manner in which the behaviour is affected is in accordance with certain rules, a number of which are illustrated and discussed.
The paper is concerned with establishing an empirically based model of elevator lobbies in multi-storey office buildings. It considers briefly the design problems posed by elevator lobbies and establishes the method by which lobbies are currently designed. A technique for the analysis of elevator lobbies and other horizontal circulation areas in office buildings is formulated and is based on a number of variables which include: floor space index area; structure and core area, lobby area; circulation area within the building core; total circulation area; and nett rentable office area. This technique is applied to twenty office buildings in Sydney to provide a data base. Results obtained by processing the data base using several statistical methods include:
1. the relationship between a number of area types and the index area which can be used as a guide to the prediction of building efficiency at preliminary design stage;
2. relationships for the establishment of performance standards for elevator lobbies;
3. equations relating circulation and other areas to the total index area for the building;
4. detailed equations relating circulation and other areas to several of the early decisions made on the design of multi-storey office buildings.
These results can be used to formulate design charts to aid architects and could also be used in an algorithmic computer-aided design process for multi-storey office buildings.
A computer analysis has been made, using finite element methods, of the interaction between walls and their supporting beams. It is shown that the combined use of substructing and displacement constraining techniques enables a complex “macro” element to be easily derived, and its use gives a more economic solution than those provided by conventional finite elements of lower order. Results are compared with other analytical and experimental investigations and satisfactory correlation established.
An approximate elastic analysis, which includes the effect of concentrated loads and reactions is used to predict theoretically the web cracking load of prestressed I beams without web reinforcement. The theoretical results are compared with nearly 200 test results.
This article describes a new method for the accurate measurement of moisture in porous walls which are exposed to normal weathering processes, i.e. wetting by rain and subsequent drying. With small adaptations, it could be used for other structures.
In a field test, the method has been used to follow the drying of a 2·1 m high cavity wall.
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