Cancer Investigation最新文献

To explore the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the overall survival (OS) and cancer cause-specific survival (CSS) in patients with AJCC stage IIA colorectal cancer. Date of patients with stage IIA colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery without radical therapy or preoperative chemotherapy were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed, yielding a cohort of 14819 patients. The 3-, 5- and 7- year OS rates in the non-chemotherapy group were 80.5%, 50.0% and 16.3%, respectively, compared with 97.2%, 86.0% and 57.3% in the chemotherapy group. Regardless of the risk factors, adjuvant chemotherapy significant improved the OS (p = 0.000), but not for CSS. The Cox proportional-hazards model revealed that age ≥ 65 years, male sex, unmarried status, rectal carcinoma, positive carcinoembryonic antigen, perineural invasion positive, fewer than 12 lymph nodes and multiple cancers were risk factors for both OS and CSS. However, adjuvant chemotherapy was a risk factor only for OS. Regardless of these risk factors or the presence of multiple cancers, adjuvant chemotherapy markedly improved OS in patients with stage IIA colorectal cancer, particularly in those with grade III/IV tumors or fewer than 12 lymph nodes, but has not been proven on CSS.

Background: Breast cancer (BCa) is a common malignant tumor in women, and the prognostic value of NAD+ metabolism-related genes (NMRGs) in BCa remains to be clarified.

Methods: Transcriptomic and clinical data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to identify core NMRGs in BCa. A multigene prognostic risk model was constructed and validated through survival analysis and immune infiltration assessment. We collected BCa-related cell lines and investigated the expression level of the risk gene POU3F2.

Results: Differential expression and unsupervised clustering analyses identified 14 NMRG-associated DEGs. The derived prognostic model effectively stratified BCa patients into distinct risk groups. The low-risk group showed elevated infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells (CD8+ T cells, NK cells, M1 macrophages), while the high-risk group was enriched with M2 macrophages. Higher immunophenoscore in low-risk patients indicated potential immunotherapy sensitivity. qRT-PCR results showed that the risk gene POU3F2 was significantly overexpressed in BCa cells.

Conclusion: This study constructed and validated a reliable BCa prognosis model based on NMRGs. The model has a good ability for prognosis stratification, showing great potential to serve as an auxiliary tool for identifying patients who benefit from immunotherapy. These findings provide a new strategy for individualized immunotherapy of BCa.

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in combination with PD-1 monoclonal antibody across different dosing regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It aims to determine whether a medium dosage provides the best therapeutic outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 NSCLC patients treated between July 2018 and December 2022. Patients were divided into three groups based on anlotinib dose: low (8 mg/d, n = 38), medium (10 mg/day, n = 34), and high (12 mg/d, n = 28), all receiving 200 mg of PD-1 antibody every 21 days. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and quality of life (QoL) assessed via the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.

Results: Median OS was significantly higher in the medium-dose group (21.3 months) compared to the low-dose group (10.2 months; p = 0.01). The high-dose group achieved a median OS of 18.2 months (p = 0.10 vs. medium). ORRs were 26%, 54%, and 42%, and DCRs were 66%, 82%, and 80% for low, medium, and high groups, respectively. QoL scores in the medium group were significantly improved in physical, emotional, and social domains (p < 0.05). Adverse events of grade ≥3 occurred in 18%, 19%, and 29% of patients in the low, medium, and high-dose groups, respectively. Immune-related side effects, such as thyroid dysfunction, increased with dosage (p = 0.018).

Conclusion: Medium-dose anlotinib combined with PD-1 therapy delivers superior survival and QoL outcomes with manageable toxicity. These results underscore its potential as an optimal treatment strategy for advanced NSCLC.

A prospective, consecutive patient cohort study was performed in a public tertiary university hospital from January/2015-18, to define whether p53 gene expression is a risk factor for tumor recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Four patients had a tumor recurrence, and three were at p53 level C. The survival of p53-positive patients was lower when compared with those with negative expression (p = 0.039). The predictor of laryngeal tumor recurrence was strong p53 gene expression associated with smoking increasing by 21 times the chance of laryngeal tumor recurrence, reinforcing the importance of p53 as a marker during follow-up.

Although cancer stem cells (CSCs) from pancreatic carcinoma were first identified many years ago, their properties and functions remain unclear. In addition, characterizing these cells may provide insight into potential accurate targeting therapies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characterization of CD44⁺CD24⁺ pancreatic CSCs and the effect on the growth and tumorigenesis. CD44⁺CD24⁺ pancreatic CSCs were isolated from PANC-1 cell lice. It was observed in vitro that CD44⁺CD24⁺ cells were stronger than control cells in the fields of proliferation, sphere-forming ability, invasion and migration, colony formation, and that expression of Notch-1 mRNA and protein were higher in CD44⁺CD24⁺ cells than in the control cells. This study suggested that CD44⁺CD24⁺ cells exhibited cancer cell stemness in vitro, and promoted tumorigenesis and invasion of pancreatic cancer which is important to the development of accurate therapies targeting pancreatic CSCs. It is concluded that this study provided most important theoretical foundation for the clinical research and will be applied to individuals with pancreatic cancer by the method of clinical translational studies in the future.

Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, pose a significant clinical challenge, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive subtype with a median survival of just 12-15 months post-diagnosis. Molecular profiling has revolutionized GBM classification, revealing distinct subtypes-Proneural, Neural, Classical, and Mesenchymal-each associated with unique genetic and epigenetic signatures. Despite these advances, the heterogeneity within GBM demands more comprehensive approaches for effective stratification and treatment. In this study, we integrated multi-omics data, including mRNA, lncRNA, somatic mutations, and DNA methylation profiles, using consensus clustering across ten algorithms. This approach led to the identification of novel GBM subtypes and prognostic biomarkers, enhancing the precision of molecular classification. Our findings underscore the critical role of multi-omics integration in refining GBM subtypes, offering new avenues for personalized therapeutic strategies in combating this lethal malignancy.

Trophoblast Cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), a calcium signal transducer & a transmembrane glycoprotein expression was studied in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients. mRNA expression, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis illustrated a higher TROP2 expression in the TNBC tissues. Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in TNBC samples was done and in silico studies depicted a significant association between TROP2 expression and infiltration of CD4+ cells. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis observed TROP2 expression to be an independent determinant of survival, with better survival benefit in the TROP2 high group. Our study paves the way for newer therapies targeting TROP2 for TNBC patients.

Recently some serologic parameters emerged as potential prognostic factors of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We aimed to establish the most relevant factors and select optimal cutoff points for prospective investigations. Data from 137 TNBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. Beyond pathological factors, white blood cell, neutrophil (NE), lymphocyte (LY) and platelet counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were investigated at baseline and before the third cycle. In univariate analysis, most parameters at baseline (NE1, LY1, NLR1, PLR1, SII1), in multivariate analysis NLR1 and pathological stage showed significant association with survival.

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of Swedish hand massage on the quality of life of women undergoing mastectomy. The study was conducted on 42 women who referred to oncology centers in Kerman from February 18 to June 22, 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and sham groups through block randomization. Data were collected using a demographic and background information questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). The intervention group received Swedish massage twice a week for three weeks, with each session lasting 20 min, while the sham group received only light surface touch for the same duration. The quality of life was evaluated at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the end of the intervention, and one month later. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The findings showed that the mean functioning score significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the sham group immediately after the massage (72.66 ± 7.14 vs. 59.98 ± 12.97; p = 0.007), and the mean symptom score significantly decreased (11.79 ± 6.84 vs. 22.62 ± 5.02; p = 0.002). Moreover, the global health status improved significantly in the intervention group immediately after the intervention (74.57 ± 8.92 vs. 52.36 ± 10.91; p < 0.001). Therefore, Swedish hand massage can be considered a safe, effective, and low-cost non-pharmacological method to improve the quality of life in women after mastectomy surgery.