Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2035123
C. Heffernan, M. Haworth-Brockman, P. Plourde, T. Wong, G. Ferrara, R. Long
atuberculosis program evaluation and research unit, department of Medicine, faculty of Medicine and dentistry, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; bnational Collaborating Centre for infectious diseases, rady faculty of Health sciences, university of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; cMax rady College of Medicine, rady faculty of Health sciences, university of Manitoba; Winnipeg regional Health authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; dpublic Health for indigenous services Canada; Centre for Communicable diseases and infection Control, public Health agency of Canada, ottawa, ontario, Canada
{"title":"Chapter 15: Monitoring tuberculosis program performance","authors":"C. Heffernan, M. Haworth-Brockman, P. Plourde, T. Wong, G. Ferrara, R. Long","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2035123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2035123","url":null,"abstract":"atuberculosis program evaluation and research unit, department of Medicine, faculty of Medicine and dentistry, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; bnational Collaborating Centre for infectious diseases, rady faculty of Health sciences, university of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; cMax rady College of Medicine, rady faculty of Health sciences, university of Manitoba; Winnipeg regional Health authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; dpublic Health for indigenous services Canada; Centre for Communicable diseases and infection Control, public Health agency of Canada, ottawa, ontario, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":"229 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77717894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2043055
R. Dwilow, C. Hui, F. Kakkar, I. Kitai
apediatric infectious diseases and Medical Microbiology, Max rady College of Medicine, university of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; bfaculty of Medicine, university of ottawa, Children’s Hospital of eastern ontario, ottawa, ontario, Canada; cfaculty of Medicine, department of pediatrics, université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier universitaire sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada; dfaculty of Medicine, department of paediatrics, university of toronto, Hospital for sick Children, toronto, ontario, Canada
{"title":"Chapter 9: Pediatric tuberculosis","authors":"R. Dwilow, C. Hui, F. Kakkar, I. Kitai","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2043055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2043055","url":null,"abstract":"apediatric infectious diseases and Medical Microbiology, Max rady College of Medicine, university of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; bfaculty of Medicine, university of ottawa, Children’s Hospital of eastern ontario, ottawa, ontario, Canada; cfaculty of Medicine, department of pediatrics, université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier universitaire sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada; dfaculty of Medicine, department of paediatrics, university of toronto, Hospital for sick Children, toronto, ontario, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"129 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83528781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2036503
J. Campbell, C. Pease, P. Daley, M. Pai, D. Menzies
• The primary goal of testing for tuberculosis infection is to identify individuals who are at increased risk for the development of tuberculosis disease and who therefore would benefit from tuberculosis preventive treatment. • Testing for tuberculosis infection is NOT recommended in the following situations: ○ In persons who have a low risk of infection and if infected; ○ To support a tuberculosis disease diagnosis in adults and adolescents >12 years of age; ○ For routine mass screening of individuals outside of contact investigations or occupational screening programs; and ○ For the monitoring of tuberculosis disease treatment response. • Both the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay are acceptable alternatives for tuberculosis infection diagnosis. Either test can be used for tuberculosis infection screening in any of the situations in which testing is indicated. However, there are preferences and exceptions: ○ An interferon-gamma release assay is the preferred test when: ○ children over two years of age and less than 10 years of age previously received a Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis; ○ persons at least 10 years of age received a BCG vaccine after infancy (older than one year of age), or received a BCG vaccine more than once and/or are uncertain about when they received a BCG vaccine; ○ adequate training and quality assessment and control are NOT available for tuberculin skin test administration and/or reading, but personnel and facilities to perform interferon-gamma release assays are available; ○ a person is unable or unlikely to return to have their tuberculin skin test read; or ○ tuberculin skin testing is contraindicated. ○ The tuberculin skin test is the preferred test when serial testing is planned to assess risk of new infection (ie, conversions). This includes repeat testing in a contact investigation, or serial testing of health care workers or other populations (eg, corrections staff or prison inmates) with potential for ongoing exposure. In these situations, interferon-gamma release assays are not acceptable. • Both tuberculosis infection diagnostic tests may be used sequentially in the following situations: ○ If either the tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay are negative, the other test may be used to increase sensitivity if the risk for infection is high, the risk for progression to tuberculosis disease is elevated, the risk for a poor outcome from tuberculosis disease is high and/or a person has conditions or habits that may reduce the sensitivity of the test. ○ If the initial tuberculin skin test is positive, but the likelihood of tuberculosis infection is low, or risk of a false positive result due to BCG is high, then an interferon-gamma release assay may be used to increase specificity. • When interpreting a tuberculosis infection diagnostic test result and considering whether someone is at risk of developing tuberculosis disease and would likely benefit from
{"title":"Chapter 4: Diagnosis of tuberculosis infection","authors":"J. Campbell, C. Pease, P. Daley, M. Pai, D. Menzies","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2036503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2036503","url":null,"abstract":"• The primary goal of testing for tuberculosis infection is to identify individuals who are at increased risk for the development of tuberculosis disease and who therefore would benefit from tuberculosis preventive treatment. • Testing for tuberculosis infection is NOT recommended in the following situations: ○ In persons who have a low risk of infection and if infected; ○ To support a tuberculosis disease diagnosis in adults and adolescents >12 years of age; ○ For routine mass screening of individuals outside of contact investigations or occupational screening programs; and ○ For the monitoring of tuberculosis disease treatment response. • Both the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay are acceptable alternatives for tuberculosis infection diagnosis. Either test can be used for tuberculosis infection screening in any of the situations in which testing is indicated. However, there are preferences and exceptions: ○ An interferon-gamma release assay is the preferred test when: ○ children over two years of age and less than 10 years of age previously received a Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis; ○ persons at least 10 years of age received a BCG vaccine after infancy (older than one year of age), or received a BCG vaccine more than once and/or are uncertain about when they received a BCG vaccine; ○ adequate training and quality assessment and control are NOT available for tuberculin skin test administration and/or reading, but personnel and facilities to perform interferon-gamma release assays are available; ○ a person is unable or unlikely to return to have their tuberculin skin test read; or ○ tuberculin skin testing is contraindicated. ○ The tuberculin skin test is the preferred test when serial testing is planned to assess risk of new infection (ie, conversions). This includes repeat testing in a contact investigation, or serial testing of health care workers or other populations (eg, corrections staff or prison inmates) with potential for ongoing exposure. In these situations, interferon-gamma release assays are not acceptable. • Both tuberculosis infection diagnostic tests may be used sequentially in the following situations: ○ If either the tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay are negative, the other test may be used to increase sensitivity if the risk for infection is high, the risk for progression to tuberculosis disease is elevated, the risk for a poor outcome from tuberculosis disease is high and/or a person has conditions or habits that may reduce the sensitivity of the test. ○ If the initial tuberculin skin test is positive, but the likelihood of tuberculosis infection is low, or risk of a false positive result due to BCG is high, then an interferon-gamma release assay may be used to increase specificity. • When interpreting a tuberculosis infection diagnostic test result and considering whether someone is at risk of developing tuberculosis disease and would likely benefit from","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"49 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90935766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2035540
R. Long, M. Divangahi, K. Schwartzman
atuberculosis program evaluation and research unit, department of Medicine, faculty of Medicine and dentistry, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; bMeakins-Christie laboratories, research institute of the McGill university Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; cMcGill international tuberculosis Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; ddepartment of Medicine, McGill university, Montréal, Québec, Canada
{"title":"Chapter 2: Transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis","authors":"R. Long, M. Divangahi, K. Schwartzman","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2035540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2035540","url":null,"abstract":"atuberculosis program evaluation and research unit, department of Medicine, faculty of Medicine and dentistry, university of alberta, edmonton, alberta, Canada; bMeakins-Christie laboratories, research institute of the McGill university Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; cMcGill international tuberculosis Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; ddepartment of Medicine, McGill university, Montréal, Québec, Canada","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"22 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74341464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2044669
Paul Hernandez
{"title":"CTS Focus on Equity, Diversity and Inclusion","authors":"Paul Hernandez","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2044669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2044669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"71 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85298024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2026842
Jean-Christophe Larose, B. Grondin-Beaudoin, K. Serri
Abstract A 30-year-old Moroccan man presented to our institution with general deterioration and respiratory symptoms evolving over several months. Shortly after admission, he developed progressive respiratory failure, septic shock and cardiomyopathy. A diagnosis of severe Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was made. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, aggressive respiratory and hemodynamic support, the patient had a fulminant course and died of refractory shock. Chest computed tomography scan showed extensive parenchymal destruction and multiple necrotizing cavities. Here, we review the causes leading to giant necrotizing pulmonary cavities and discuss mycobacterium-related septic shock.
{"title":"Giant necrotizing cavities in a young individual with septic shock","authors":"Jean-Christophe Larose, B. Grondin-Beaudoin, K. Serri","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2026842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2026842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 30-year-old Moroccan man presented to our institution with general deterioration and respiratory symptoms evolving over several months. Shortly after admission, he developed progressive respiratory failure, septic shock and cardiomyopathy. A diagnosis of severe Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was made. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, aggressive respiratory and hemodynamic support, the patient had a fulminant course and died of refractory shock. Chest computed tomography scan showed extensive parenchymal destruction and multiple necrotizing cavities. Here, we review the causes leading to giant necrotizing pulmonary cavities and discuss mycobacterium-related septic shock.","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"209 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2021.2022549
R. Zibdawi, L. Carroll, R. Gibney, D. Mckinlay, Satbir Kullar, S. Bagshaw
Abstract Rationale: Utilization of the medical emergency team (MET) and associated outcomes in patients with limitations-of-medical-therapy (LOMT) are not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to describe and compare characteristics and outcomes following MET activation in patients with and without LOMT. Methods, Measurements and Main Results: Retrospective cohort study of 2,118 adult in-patients with a MET activation between January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, at the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Canada. There were 2,703 MET activations in 2,118 patients. Four hundred sixty-one patients (21%) had LOMT at the time of MET activation. Of these, 268 (58%) died in-hospital, 40% within 24 hours of their last MET activation. Compared to patients with no LOMT, patients with LOMT were older (78 vs. 63 years; p < 0.001), more likely to be female (48% vs. 42%; p < 0.01), had a higher comorbidity index score (6 vs. 5; p < 0.001) and more often admitted to a medical service (66% vs. 45%; p < 0.001). A LOMT was associated with 3.49 greater odds (95% CI: 2.79- 4.36) of in-hospital mortality following MET activation. Conclusions: MET activations in hospitalized patients with preexisting LOMT are common. The findings suggest greater need for understanding the role of MET services for patients with LOMT, particularly nearing end-of-life. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2021.2022549
{"title":"Evaluation of medical emergency team activations in patients with limitations-of-medical-therapy: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"R. Zibdawi, L. Carroll, R. Gibney, D. Mckinlay, Satbir Kullar, S. Bagshaw","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2021.2022549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2021.2022549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rationale: Utilization of the medical emergency team (MET) and associated outcomes in patients with limitations-of-medical-therapy (LOMT) are not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to describe and compare characteristics and outcomes following MET activation in patients with and without LOMT. Methods, Measurements and Main Results: Retrospective cohort study of 2,118 adult in-patients with a MET activation between January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, at the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Canada. There were 2,703 MET activations in 2,118 patients. Four hundred sixty-one patients (21%) had LOMT at the time of MET activation. Of these, 268 (58%) died in-hospital, 40% within 24 hours of their last MET activation. Compared to patients with no LOMT, patients with LOMT were older (78 vs. 63 years; p < 0.001), more likely to be female (48% vs. 42%; p < 0.01), had a higher comorbidity index score (6 vs. 5; p < 0.001) and more often admitted to a medical service (66% vs. 45%; p < 0.001). A LOMT was associated with 3.49 greater odds (95% CI: 2.79- 4.36) of in-hospital mortality following MET activation. Conclusions: MET activations in hospitalized patients with preexisting LOMT are common. The findings suggest greater need for understanding the role of MET services for patients with LOMT, particularly nearing end-of-life. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2021.2022549","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"71 1","pages":"291 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87842427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2021.2010478
S. Stanojevic, François Beaucage, Vikram R. Comondore, M. Faughnan, T. Kovesi, C. McCoy, C. Mcparland, D. Pawluski, F. Refahi, Jeremy Road, M. Kooperberg
As we progress toward an endemic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to re-evaluate which pandemic precautions should be maintained for performance of pulmonary function tests (PFT). Specifically, how should risk be mitigated for patients and health care workers as the dynamics of viral transmission evolve over time. This third update of the Resumption of PFTs in the era of COVID-19 presents the current evidence to support performance of PFT in dedicated laboratories and in primary care settings across Canada. Throughout the
{"title":"Resumption of pulmonary function testing during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. Stanojevic, François Beaucage, Vikram R. Comondore, M. Faughnan, T. Kovesi, C. McCoy, C. Mcparland, D. Pawluski, F. Refahi, Jeremy Road, M. Kooperberg","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2021.2010478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2021.2010478","url":null,"abstract":"As we progress toward an endemic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to re-evaluate which pandemic precautions should be maintained for performance of pulmonary function tests (PFT). Specifically, how should risk be mitigated for patients and health care workers as the dynamics of viral transmission evolve over time. This third update of the Resumption of PFTs in the era of COVID-19 presents the current evidence to support performance of PFT in dedicated laboratories and in primary care settings across Canada. Throughout the","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"78 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82918738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2035854
L. Boulet, M. Sadatsafavi, P. O'Byrne
{"title":"In memoriam of Dr. Mark FitzGerald, MD, MB, FCCP, FRCPI, FRCPC","authors":"L. Boulet, M. Sadatsafavi, P. O'Byrne","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2035854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2035854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"4 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84688281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2022.2027694
Paul O. Hernandez
{"title":"President’s recommended reading list: Bibliotherapy during a pandemic","authors":"Paul O. Hernandez","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2022.2027694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2022.2027694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9471,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89766647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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