Ella R Gray, Matthew B. Russell, Marcella Anna Windmuller-Campione
Biotic disturbance agents are important factors influencing forest dynamics; incorporating them into management planning requires detailed understanding of their distribution, prevalence, and effects on stand dynamics. However, this information can be difficult to collect in remote forest systems, such as lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.) forests affected by eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck, hereafter ESDM). In such cases, predictive modeling is often needed to inform management decisions and address forest health questions. Here, we used two publicly available datasets to predict areas where black spruce is more likely to be infested with ESDM in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Using random forest modeling and logistic regression, we found location, stand age, basal area, site index, average diameter, and metrics of species composition to be among the most important predictors of ESDM occurrence. Predictions showed two regions of greater likelihood of infestation with distinct ecological characteristics and ownership patterns. By understanding how stand structural characteristics relate to ESDM infestations, managers can improve monitoring and management of ESDM at the stand and landscape scales. Additionally, our approach of using multiple datasets and modeling methods can serve as a framework for decision making for other forest health concerns.
生物干扰因子是影响森林动态的重要因素;将它们纳入管理规划需要详细了解它们的分布、流行程度和对林分动态的影响。然而，这些信息很难在偏远的森林系统中收集，例如低地黑云杉(Picea mariana)。B. S. P.)受东部云杉矮槲寄生(Arceuthobium pusillum Peck，简称ESDM)影响的森林。在这种情况下，往往需要预测建模来为管理决策提供信息并解决森林健康问题。在这里，我们使用两个公开可用的数据集来预测美国明尼苏达州东北部黑云杉更容易感染ESDM的地区。通过随机森林模型和logistic回归分析，我们发现位置、林龄、基底面积、立地指数、平均直径和物种组成指标是ESDM发生的最重要预测因子。预测显示，有两个区域更有可能发生虫害，它们具有不同的生态特征和所有权模式。通过了解林分结构特征与ESDM侵扰的关系，管理者可以在林分和景观尺度上改善ESDM的监测和管理。此外，我们使用多种数据集和建模方法的方法可以作为其他森林健康问题决策的框架。& # x0D;
{"title":"Landscape-level likelihood estimation of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) infestations in lowland black spruce (Picea mariana) forests of Minnesota, USA","authors":"Ella R Gray, Matthew B. Russell, Marcella Anna Windmuller-Campione","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0139","url":null,"abstract":"Biotic disturbance agents are important factors influencing forest dynamics; incorporating them into management planning requires detailed understanding of their distribution, prevalence, and effects on stand dynamics. However, this information can be difficult to collect in remote forest systems, such as lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.) forests affected by eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck, hereafter ESDM). In such cases, predictive modeling is often needed to inform management decisions and address forest health questions. Here, we used two publicly available datasets to predict areas where black spruce is more likely to be infested with ESDM in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Using random forest modeling and logistic regression, we found location, stand age, basal area, site index, average diameter, and metrics of species composition to be among the most important predictors of ESDM occurrence. Predictions showed two regions of greater likelihood of infestation with distinct ecological characteristics and ownership patterns. By understanding how stand structural characteristics relate to ESDM infestations, managers can improve monitoring and management of ESDM at the stand and landscape scales. Additionally, our approach of using multiple datasets and modeling methods can serve as a framework for decision making for other forest health concerns. 
","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven Wagers, Guillermo Castilla, Mihai Voicu, Tyler Rea, G. Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
Black spruce is the most common tree species in Canada, dominating treed peatlands where they are usually stunted. We used 495 destructively sampled trees from 56 plots to develop allometric models of aboveground biomass by components (stem, branches, and needles) for small (<5 m tall) black spruce from peatlands in the Taiga Plains and Boreal Plains Ecozones of Western Canada, for which there were no specific models available of biomass by components. We used leave-one-plot-out cross-validation to assess transferability and compare our models with existing national and ecozone-specific equations. Our models predicted total tree biomass with better accuracy and less biased estimates than the national model (relative RMSE: 30% versus 35% national; relative bias: +1% versus –12% national). Similar results were obtained in other external datasets. Existing ecozone equations performed worse than either our models or the national ones. When we applied the models at the plot level to predict aboveground biomass density (Mg·ha −1 ), our models outperformed the national model again (relative RMSE: 15.9% versus 18.6% national, relative bias: +3.5% versus –13.6% national). These results indicate that at least for peatlands of Western Canada, our models provide better aboveground biomass estimates for small black spruce trees than existing models.
{"title":"New aboveground biomass equations by components for small black spruce in peatland ecosystems of Western Canada","authors":"Steven Wagers, Guillermo Castilla, Mihai Voicu, Tyler Rea, G. Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Black spruce is the most common tree species in Canada, dominating treed peatlands where they are usually stunted. We used 495 destructively sampled trees from 56 plots to develop allometric models of aboveground biomass by components (stem, branches, and needles) for small (<5 m tall) black spruce from peatlands in the Taiga Plains and Boreal Plains Ecozones of Western Canada, for which there were no specific models available of biomass by components. We used leave-one-plot-out cross-validation to assess transferability and compare our models with existing national and ecozone-specific equations. Our models predicted total tree biomass with better accuracy and less biased estimates than the national model (relative RMSE: 30% versus 35% national; relative bias: +1% versus –12% national). Similar results were obtained in other external datasets. Existing ecozone equations performed worse than either our models or the national ones. When we applied the models at the plot level to predict aboveground biomass density (Mg·ha −1 ), our models outperformed the national model again (relative RMSE: 15.9% versus 18.6% national, relative bias: +3.5% versus –13.6% national). These results indicate that at least for peatlands of Western Canada, our models provide better aboveground biomass estimates for small black spruce trees than existing models.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaf area is an important ecophysiological variable for quantifying the potential production of trees, since it is closely related to tree growth. However, it is difficult to measure the leaf area completely because of the large number of leaves, so it is particularly important to develop accurate species-specific leaf area models. In this study, using 144 parse trees from 48 plots of different climate zones and ages of Chinese fir, tree leaf area models were developed based on sapwood area at breast height (SABH), diameter at breast height (DBH), and diameter at crown base (DCB), respectively. The results showed that the population-averaged levels of nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) models were better than the plot-levels and base models, and the leaf area models based on DCB performed the best. Finally, the NLME model (16) based on DCB was used as the final model for tree leaf area of Chinese fir plantations, which was consistent with the pipe model theory. All the variables had certain biological and statistical significance and were easy to obtain in the field work (nondestructive). In addition, this study can also provide a reference for other tree species in predicting tree leaf area.
{"title":"Modeling tree leaf area of Chinese fir plantations","authors":"Yancheng Qu, Yihang Jiang, Hanyue Chen, Yuxin Hu, Quang V. Cao, Anli Luo, Jian-guo Zhang, Xiongqing Zhang","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0127","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf area is an important ecophysiological variable for quantifying the potential production of trees, since it is closely related to tree growth. However, it is difficult to measure the leaf area completely because of the large number of leaves, so it is particularly important to develop accurate species-specific leaf area models. In this study, using 144 parse trees from 48 plots of different climate zones and ages of Chinese fir, tree leaf area models were developed based on sapwood area at breast height (SABH), diameter at breast height (DBH), and diameter at crown base (DCB), respectively. The results showed that the population-averaged levels of nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) models were better than the plot-levels and base models, and the leaf area models based on DCB performed the best. Finally, the NLME model (16) based on DCB was used as the final model for tree leaf area of Chinese fir plantations, which was consistent with the pipe model theory. All the variables had certain biological and statistical significance and were easy to obtain in the field work (nondestructive). In addition, this study can also provide a reference for other tree species in predicting tree leaf area.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135689982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thammi Queuri Gomes da Cunha, Pedro Augusto Fonseca Lima, Alyne Chaveiro Santos, Evandro Novaes, Carlos Roberto Sette Jr
The objective of this study was to evaluate the wood chemical and energetic characteristics of Eucalyptus spp. clones planted in three sites in the Midwest of Brazil. Thus, five clones from Eucalyptus spp. were planted in different sites aiming to determine the qualitative characteristics of the wood resulting from the variation in the tree growth environment and the genetic material. The same clones was planted in the three sites to determine the genotype x environment interaction. The trees were then sampled at five years after planting for their physical-chemical and energetic characterization. The results showed that the wood characteristics vary in different proportions according to the clone, just as the growth environment of the trees alters the behavior of the clones for the same characteristics. The edaphic variables affected the wood characteristics, inferring that the water content in the soil has more effect on the wood properties than the water content in the air, mainly on wood basic density. The results of this study indicate that using the appropriate genotype related to the environment conditions determines the wood characteristics, since the wood properties are strongly influenced by the edaphoclimatic variables.
{"title":"GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION ON THE WOOD QUALITY OF <i>Eucalyptus</i> spp. FOR ENERGY PURPOSES","authors":"Thammi Queuri Gomes da Cunha, Pedro Augusto Fonseca Lima, Alyne Chaveiro Santos, Evandro Novaes, Carlos Roberto Sette Jr","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0153","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the wood chemical and energetic characteristics of Eucalyptus spp. clones planted in three sites in the Midwest of Brazil. Thus, five clones from Eucalyptus spp. were planted in different sites aiming to determine the qualitative characteristics of the wood resulting from the variation in the tree growth environment and the genetic material. The same clones was planted in the three sites to determine the genotype x environment interaction. The trees were then sampled at five years after planting for their physical-chemical and energetic characterization. The results showed that the wood characteristics vary in different proportions according to the clone, just as the growth environment of the trees alters the behavior of the clones for the same characteristics. The edaphic variables affected the wood characteristics, inferring that the water content in the soil has more effect on the wood properties than the water content in the air, mainly on wood basic density. The results of this study indicate that using the appropriate genotype related to the environment conditions determines the wood characteristics, since the wood properties are strongly influenced by the edaphoclimatic variables.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob Ravn, Anthony Robert Taylor, Michael B. Lavigne, Loïc D'Orangeville
Increasing frequencies of heat waves and drought are expected to shift the range and growth of balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), a widely distributed cold-adapted boreal species. However, our ability to predict this species response to these climate anomalies remains limited, especially when considering how trees can exhibit delayed and persistant growth responses to these stressors, or legacy effects. Here, we assess the growth response of balsam fir seedlings from four populations following 60 treatment combinations of temperature and water deficit in the previous year. Although we observed moderate water deficit legacy effects on growth, there were no resilience or recovery responses. We did, however, observe considerable negative legacy effects on growth proportional to the level of warming, with average legacy growth declines reaching 45% under the highest warming treatment. Furthermore, the southern populations displayed a 28% higher average growth resilience to temperature stress compared with the northern populations, indicating a higher tolerance to warming. When comparing legacy effects on balsam fir populations at moderate warming conditions relative to the current local baseline climate, we report limited growth declines for southern populations and growth increases for the northern populations. While our results highlight the importance of legacy effects from heat stress in seedlings, they also provide evidence that careful selection of warm-adapted genotypes for reforestation efforts may help offset some of these legacy effects.
{"title":"Local adaptation of balsam fir seedlings improves growth resilience to heat stress","authors":"Jacob Ravn, Anthony Robert Taylor, Michael B. Lavigne, Loïc D'Orangeville","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0128","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing frequencies of heat waves and drought are expected to shift the range and growth of balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), a widely distributed cold-adapted boreal species. However, our ability to predict this species response to these climate anomalies remains limited, especially when considering how trees can exhibit delayed and persistant growth responses to these stressors, or legacy effects. Here, we assess the growth response of balsam fir seedlings from four populations following 60 treatment combinations of temperature and water deficit in the previous year. Although we observed moderate water deficit legacy effects on growth, there were no resilience or recovery responses. We did, however, observe considerable negative legacy effects on growth proportional to the level of warming, with average legacy growth declines reaching 45% under the highest warming treatment. Furthermore, the southern populations displayed a 28% higher average growth resilience to temperature stress compared with the northern populations, indicating a higher tolerance to warming. When comparing legacy effects on balsam fir populations at moderate warming conditions relative to the current local baseline climate, we report limited growth declines for southern populations and growth increases for the northern populations. While our results highlight the importance of legacy effects from heat stress in seedlings, they also provide evidence that careful selection of warm-adapted genotypes for reforestation efforts may help offset some of these legacy effects.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-industrial wood ash may be an effective forest soil nutrient supplement but its use in Canada is largely restricted because of unknown concentrations of trace metal contaminants. Sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marshall) is particularly sensitive to low soil calcium (Ca) levels, and though maple syrup is of great economic importance in Canada, it is unknown how wood ash could affect sap chemistry. Non-industrial wood ash (NIWA; 6 Mg·ha −1 ) applied to experimental plots in Muskoka, Ontario was rich in Ca (27%), while metal concentrations were well below provincial regulatory limits. One-year post-application, significant increases were observed in the treated plots in the soil pH and base cations (Ca, K, and Mg) in the surface soil horizons, and metal concentrations in the litter. Sap yield in the control plots was significantly lower in the first-year post-application than in the second year, but no other differences were found. In both tapping years, sap sweetness remained similar and differences in nutrient and metal concentrations between treatments were generally small and inconsistent. Foliar chemistry remained largely unchanged 1 year following application, except for K that was twice as high in the treated plots. Ultimately, NIWA is unlikely to significantly alter sugar maple sap chemistry, indicating that it is a viable nutrient supplement that can enhance soil fertility in sugar bushes with no impact on sap sweetness.
{"title":"Sugar maple sap, soil, and foliar chemistry in response to non-industrial wood ash fertilizer in Muskoka, Ontario","authors":"Shelby Conquer, Norman D. Yan, Shaun A. Watmough","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0107","url":null,"abstract":"Non-industrial wood ash may be an effective forest soil nutrient supplement but its use in Canada is largely restricted because of unknown concentrations of trace metal contaminants. Sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marshall) is particularly sensitive to low soil calcium (Ca) levels, and though maple syrup is of great economic importance in Canada, it is unknown how wood ash could affect sap chemistry. Non-industrial wood ash (NIWA; 6 Mg·ha −1 ) applied to experimental plots in Muskoka, Ontario was rich in Ca (27%), while metal concentrations were well below provincial regulatory limits. One-year post-application, significant increases were observed in the treated plots in the soil pH and base cations (Ca, K, and Mg) in the surface soil horizons, and metal concentrations in the litter. Sap yield in the control plots was significantly lower in the first-year post-application than in the second year, but no other differences were found. In both tapping years, sap sweetness remained similar and differences in nutrient and metal concentrations between treatments were generally small and inconsistent. Foliar chemistry remained largely unchanged 1 year following application, except for K that was twice as high in the treated plots. Ultimately, NIWA is unlikely to significantly alter sugar maple sap chemistry, indicating that it is a viable nutrient supplement that can enhance soil fertility in sugar bushes with no impact on sap sweetness.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence have led to an upsurge in automated image recognition phone apps. This has increased public involvement in the collection, identification (ID) and analysis of biological data. While this is good for the field of biological data monitoring, it is not clear how consistent IDs are from different apps. The goal of this exploratory work is to verify the accuracy and consistency in plant species identification from two widely used and free apps i.e. PlantNet and iNaturalist app. This work was conducted by scanning leaf samples along Bruce trail in the Niagara Escarpment Biosphere reserve and the Royal Botanical Gardens arboretum, in Hamilton Ontario. Results show over 90% consistency in the identification of woody plants at the level of genus. At the species level, PlantNet app demonstrated 79% accuracy (i.e. 79 out of 100 species correctly identified) while the iNaturalist app demonstrated 44% accuracy. Enhancing species representation in the database for southern Ontario might help particularly species in the family Betulaceae, Rosaceae and Pinaceae. Complementary use of the apps is recommended as a cautionary measure to reduce the likelihood of error in species-level woody plant identification as well as using apps in conjunction with field guide.
{"title":"How consistent are citizen science data sources, an exploratory study using free automated image recognition apps for woody plant identification","authors":"Kenneth A. Anyomi","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0203","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid advances in artificial intelligence have led to an upsurge in automated image recognition phone apps. This has increased public involvement in the collection, identification (ID) and analysis of biological data. While this is good for the field of biological data monitoring, it is not clear how consistent IDs are from different apps. The goal of this exploratory work is to verify the accuracy and consistency in plant species identification from two widely used and free apps i.e. PlantNet and iNaturalist app. This work was conducted by scanning leaf samples along Bruce trail in the Niagara Escarpment Biosphere reserve and the Royal Botanical Gardens arboretum, in Hamilton Ontario. Results show over 90% consistency in the identification of woody plants at the level of genus. At the species level, PlantNet app demonstrated 79% accuracy (i.e. 79 out of 100 species correctly identified) while the iNaturalist app demonstrated 44% accuracy. Enhancing species representation in the database for southern Ontario might help particularly species in the family Betulaceae, Rosaceae and Pinaceae. Complementary use of the apps is recommended as a cautionary measure to reduce the likelihood of error in species-level woody plant identification as well as using apps in conjunction with field guide.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaysandra Waldron, Nelson Thiffault, Lisa Venier, Fidèle Bognounou, Dominique Boucher, Elizabeth Campbell, Ellen Whitman, Lucas Brehaut, Sylvie Gauthier
Information about post-disturbance regeneration success and successional dynamics is critical to predict forest ecosystem resistance and resilience to disturbances and climate change. Our objective was to identify and classify post-disturbance empirical research conducted by the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada to provide guidance on future research needs, improving our understanding of post-disturbance recovery in a Canadian context. We collected and classified peer-reviewed and non-published literature produced by the department between 1998 and 2020 that concerned post-disturbance ecology. We focused on research addressing natural or anthropogenic disturbances, such as wildfires, pest outbreaks, windthrows, forest management and seismic lines. We found that forest harvesting was the disturbance most studied by CFS, followed by fire. Most studies examined changes in vegetation related to forest management and fire and they were mainly focussed on post-disturbance tree regeneration success. Our results provide a geographic overview of CFS research on post-disturbance recovery in Canada and enable the identification of key knowledge gaps. Notably, research focusing on recovery after natural disturbances was underrepresented in the assessed literature compared to studies centered around harvesting. Long-term research sites, chrono-sequences that substitute space for time, and studies focused on consecutive disturbances are especially important to maintain and establish in the face of climate change.
{"title":"A pan-Canadian assessment of empirical research on post-disturbance recovery in the Canadian Forest Service","authors":"Kaysandra Waldron, Nelson Thiffault, Lisa Venier, Fidèle Bognounou, Dominique Boucher, Elizabeth Campbell, Ellen Whitman, Lucas Brehaut, Sylvie Gauthier","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0300","url":null,"abstract":"Information about post-disturbance regeneration success and successional dynamics is critical to predict forest ecosystem resistance and resilience to disturbances and climate change. Our objective was to identify and classify post-disturbance empirical research conducted by the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada to provide guidance on future research needs, improving our understanding of post-disturbance recovery in a Canadian context. We collected and classified peer-reviewed and non-published literature produced by the department between 1998 and 2020 that concerned post-disturbance ecology. We focused on research addressing natural or anthropogenic disturbances, such as wildfires, pest outbreaks, windthrows, forest management and seismic lines. We found that forest harvesting was the disturbance most studied by CFS, followed by fire. Most studies examined changes in vegetation related to forest management and fire and they were mainly focussed on post-disturbance tree regeneration success. Our results provide a geographic overview of CFS research on post-disturbance recovery in Canada and enable the identification of key knowledge gaps. Notably, research focusing on recovery after natural disturbances was underrepresented in the assessed literature compared to studies centered around harvesting. Long-term research sites, chrono-sequences that substitute space for time, and studies focused on consecutive disturbances are especially important to maintain and establish in the face of climate change.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134989782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The black woodpecker Dryocopus martius is an ecologically disproportionately important forest species owing to its abundance. Its large cavities provide breeding sites and shelter for many species—large birds, mammals, and social insects. I evaluated the nest tree preferences of black woodpeckers in the Augustów Forest, northeast Poland. Approximately 400 black woodpecker cavities were observed. The Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, was the most commonly selected tree species, accounting for 90%. The cavity trees were 55–225 years old. All trees younger than 90 years were broadleaved tree species. The trees used to excavate the cavities had a larger diameter at the breast height (DBH) than the average of the stand. The trees selected by black woodpeckers were significantly shorter than the average height of the stands. Over 60% of the cavities were excavated 10–16 m above ground level. I found that the DBH and the first branch height were critical factors affecting the cavity entrance height. In pine-dominated forests, black woodpeckers preferred dead trees. Approximately 44% of new cavities were excavated from dead trees. Leaving dead or dying large trees in commercial forests benefits black woodpeckers and large secondary cavity nesters that depend on it and promotes biodiversity conservation. Birds excavate new cavities at a high rate yearly, in contrast with beech-dominated forests.
{"title":"Nesting-Tree Preferences of the Black Woodpecker - the Biggest Cavity Excavator in in a Conifer-Dominated Forests in Poland","authors":"Grzegorz Zawadzki","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0143","url":null,"abstract":"The black woodpecker Dryocopus martius is an ecologically disproportionately important forest species owing to its abundance. Its large cavities provide breeding sites and shelter for many species—large birds, mammals, and social insects. I evaluated the nest tree preferences of black woodpeckers in the Augustów Forest, northeast Poland. Approximately 400 black woodpecker cavities were observed. The Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, was the most commonly selected tree species, accounting for 90%. The cavity trees were 55–225 years old. All trees younger than 90 years were broadleaved tree species. The trees used to excavate the cavities had a larger diameter at the breast height (DBH) than the average of the stand. The trees selected by black woodpeckers were significantly shorter than the average height of the stands. Over 60% of the cavities were excavated 10–16 m above ground level. I found that the DBH and the first branch height were critical factors affecting the cavity entrance height. In pine-dominated forests, black woodpeckers preferred dead trees. Approximately 44% of new cavities were excavated from dead trees. Leaving dead or dying large trees in commercial forests benefits black woodpeckers and large secondary cavity nesters that depend on it and promotes biodiversity conservation. Birds excavate new cavities at a high rate yearly, in contrast with beech-dominated forests.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Dickson-Hoyle, K. Copes‐Gerbitz, Shannon Hagerman, Lori D Daniels
As wildfires are increasingly causing negative impacts to communities and their livelihoods, many communities are demanding more proactive and locally driven approaches to address wildfire risk. This marks a shift away from centralized governance models where decision-making is concentrated in government agencies that prioritize reactive wildfire suppression. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, Community Forests - a long-term, area-based tenure granted to Indigenous and/or local communities - are emerging as local leaders facilitating proactive wildfire management. To explore the factors that are enabling local governance approaches to managing wildfire risk, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 Community Forest managers across BC. Managers highlighted financial and social capacity, especially trust and relationships with both community members and government agencies, as crucial factors influencing their ability to undertake proactive management. These factors enable Community Forests to address wildfire risk not only within their own tenure area, but at household, community, and landscape scales, while balancing diverse community values, objectives for forest management, and legal and policy obligations. Despite ongoing challenges, Community Forests emphasized the importance of scaling up their efforts to address wildfire risk and are a critical form of local wildfire governance that can help advance proactive wildfire management across BC.
{"title":"Community Forests advance local wildfire governance and proactive management in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Sarah Dickson-Hoyle, K. Copes‐Gerbitz, Shannon Hagerman, Lori D Daniels","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0089","url":null,"abstract":"As wildfires are increasingly causing negative impacts to communities and their livelihoods, many communities are demanding more proactive and locally driven approaches to address wildfire risk. This marks a shift away from centralized governance models where decision-making is concentrated in government agencies that prioritize reactive wildfire suppression. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, Community Forests - a long-term, area-based tenure granted to Indigenous and/or local communities - are emerging as local leaders facilitating proactive wildfire management. To explore the factors that are enabling local governance approaches to managing wildfire risk, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 Community Forest managers across BC. Managers highlighted financial and social capacity, especially trust and relationships with both community members and government agencies, as crucial factors influencing their ability to undertake proactive management. These factors enable Community Forests to address wildfire risk not only within their own tenure area, but at household, community, and landscape scales, while balancing diverse community values, objectives for forest management, and legal and policy obligations. Despite ongoing challenges, Community Forests emphasized the importance of scaling up their efforts to address wildfire risk and are a critical form of local wildfire governance that can help advance proactive wildfire management across BC.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42524426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：