The forest sector faces complex societal demands which require a workforce with the desired compositions of competence. It is also a primary, rural and male-dominated industry based on gendered norms and culture. There are knowledge gaps in how gender influences work-related satisfaction and experiences in the forest sector and how women manage to work in male-dominated workplaces. We fill part of these voids by studying job satisfaction and women’s strategies using the Norwegian forest sector as case study. By combining survey and group interviews, we unveil statistical gender differences and individual experiences. We found that while most men and women are satisfied with the social aspects at the workplace, men are more satisfied than women. Women report considerably less gender equality and more use of suppression techniques than men. Thirty-two percent of the women report being sexually harassed during the time in their most important job position. Being exposed to harassment, most women choose not to report to management, but instead handle the situation themselves. Forestry is a gendered sector and to change attitudes for improving the work environment and opportunities for all employees, gender-related issues must be raised and handled in a suitable manner by managers and organizations.
{"title":"Gender differences in job experiences and satisfaction in the forest sector","authors":"H. Sjølie, Deniz Akin, Tonje Lauritzen","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"The forest sector faces complex societal demands which require a workforce with the desired compositions of competence. It is also a primary, rural and male-dominated industry based on gendered norms and culture. There are knowledge gaps in how gender influences work-related satisfaction and experiences in the forest sector and how women manage to work in male-dominated workplaces. We fill part of these voids by studying job satisfaction and women’s strategies using the Norwegian forest sector as case study. By combining survey and group interviews, we unveil statistical gender differences and individual experiences. We found that while most men and women are satisfied with the social aspects at the workplace, men are more satisfied than women. Women report considerably less gender equality and more use of suppression techniques than men. Thirty-two percent of the women report being sexually harassed during the time in their most important job position. Being exposed to harassment, most women choose not to report to management, but instead handle the situation themselves. Forestry is a gendered sector and to change attitudes for improving the work environment and opportunities for all employees, gender-related issues must be raised and handled in a suitable manner by managers and organizations.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green alder ( Alnus alnobetula s.l.) is a cold-resistant boreal-arctic shrub species with a complex intraspecific taxonomy and a wide distribution range covering northern Eurasia and North America. In this study, we assess the level and distribution of diversity in five subspecies ( A. alnobetula subsp. fruticosa, kamtschatica, mandschurica, maximowiczii, and sinuata) throughout 34 populations within the native species range by using 7 characters of leaf morphology and 11 nuclear microsatellites (nSSR). The differentiation in both sets of characters that we found has proven to be inconsistent with our previously obtained chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) data. Only three groups were identified using nSSR vs. five cpDNA haplogroups. Both morphological and nSSR analyses support the recognition of A. alnobetula subsp. fruticosa from the western part of the Eurasian distribution range (northwestern Russia, the Urals, and Siberia) and A. alnobetula subsp. maximowiczii from the eastern part (most of Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and most of Kamchatka). Among other East Asian subspecies such as A. alnobetula subsp. kamtschatica and subsp. mandschurica, as well as in A. subsp. sinuata from North America, considerable genetic and morphological admixture has been recorded. The discordance between the patterns inferred from cpDNA and nSSR data reflects limited gene dispersal via seeds and extensive gene flow via pollen between major glacial refugia.
{"title":"Biogeographic history of green alder (Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch s.l.) in Eurasia and North America: evidence from genetic and morphological analyses","authors":"E. V. Hantemirova, E. A. Marchuk, M. Polezhaeva","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"The green alder ( Alnus alnobetula s.l.) is a cold-resistant boreal-arctic shrub species with a complex intraspecific taxonomy and a wide distribution range covering northern Eurasia and North America. In this study, we assess the level and distribution of diversity in five subspecies ( A. alnobetula subsp. fruticosa, kamtschatica, mandschurica, maximowiczii, and sinuata) throughout 34 populations within the native species range by using 7 characters of leaf morphology and 11 nuclear microsatellites (nSSR). The differentiation in both sets of characters that we found has proven to be inconsistent with our previously obtained chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) data. Only three groups were identified using nSSR vs. five cpDNA haplogroups. Both morphological and nSSR analyses support the recognition of A. alnobetula subsp. fruticosa from the western part of the Eurasian distribution range (northwestern Russia, the Urals, and Siberia) and A. alnobetula subsp. maximowiczii from the eastern part (most of Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and most of Kamchatka). Among other East Asian subspecies such as A. alnobetula subsp. kamtschatica and subsp. mandschurica, as well as in A. subsp. sinuata from North America, considerable genetic and morphological admixture has been recorded. The discordance between the patterns inferred from cpDNA and nSSR data reflects limited gene dispersal via seeds and extensive gene flow via pollen between major glacial refugia.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43041261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We tested the effect of biochar application on growth of planted jack pine on a sandy soil in northern Minnesota. Biochar was applied in combination with compost and with or without manual irrigation in a factorial design to isolate possible effects associated with nutrient or water availability. There were no differences among treatments in seedling annual diameter or height growth after four years. Watering increased mean needle mass indicating the treatment was somewhat effective at increasing water availability and seedling performance. Watering increased foliage Mg and K concentration and content, possibly indicating that these elements are limiting to jack pine growth on sandy soils. Biochar-only application decreased foliage Ca concentration relative to controls, likely due to increased nutrient immobilization when biochar is applied without a nutrient source. These findings and others from the region highlight that biochar does not increase planted jack pine seedling survival or growth on sandy soils.
{"title":"Limited effects of biochar application and periodic irrigation on jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedling growth in northern Minnesota, USA","authors":"R. Slesak, M. Windmuller-Campione","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"We tested the effect of biochar application on growth of planted jack pine on a sandy soil in northern Minnesota. Biochar was applied in combination with compost and with or without manual irrigation in a factorial design to isolate possible effects associated with nutrient or water availability. There were no differences among treatments in seedling annual diameter or height growth after four years. Watering increased mean needle mass indicating the treatment was somewhat effective at increasing water availability and seedling performance. Watering increased foliage Mg and K concentration and content, possibly indicating that these elements are limiting to jack pine growth on sandy soils. Biochar-only application decreased foliage Ca concentration relative to controls, likely due to increased nutrient immobilization when biochar is applied without a nutrient source. These findings and others from the region highlight that biochar does not increase planted jack pine seedling survival or growth on sandy soils.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49088143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Lieffers, Julie Benedik, K. Stadt, S. Macdonald
The recent expansion of mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) from its native range in western North America into northern boreal pine forests in Alberta, Canada has resulted in conditions for tree regeneration that are dramatically different from those after wildfire, the predominant natural disturbance in these forests. We assessed natural regeneration post-MPB for northern boreal lodgepole pine sites in Alberta, Canada: via intensive surveys of small plots at 33 severely-attacked pine stands, and using data from 205 permanent sample plots representing various site types and levels of MPB-mortality. We used model selection to identify factors explaining regeneration. Overall, pine regeneration was very poor 6-9 years post-MPB; only 42% of the 33 intensively surveyed plots, and only 9% of the 205 permanent plots, had pine seedlings. This poor regeneration is attributed to high levels of cone serotiny in these populations, unsuitable regeneration microsites due to undisturbed litter or feathermoss layers, and competition from the residual canopy and understory vegetation. Other species (aspen, birch, poplar, black and white spruce) were found on most sites, either as post-attack regeneration or regeneration established in advance. Without intervention, many of these stands will likely transition away from pine, to broadleaf and other conifer species.
{"title":"Poor regeneration of pine after mountain pine beetle attack in colder boreal regions of Canada.","authors":"V. Lieffers, Julie Benedik, K. Stadt, S. Macdonald","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0113","url":null,"abstract":"The recent expansion of mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) from its native range in western North America into northern boreal pine forests in Alberta, Canada has resulted in conditions for tree regeneration that are dramatically different from those after wildfire, the predominant natural disturbance in these forests. We assessed natural regeneration post-MPB for northern boreal lodgepole pine sites in Alberta, Canada: via intensive surveys of small plots at 33 severely-attacked pine stands, and using data from 205 permanent sample plots representing various site types and levels of MPB-mortality. We used model selection to identify factors explaining regeneration. Overall, pine regeneration was very poor 6-9 years post-MPB; only 42% of the 33 intensively surveyed plots, and only 9% of the 205 permanent plots, had pine seedlings. This poor regeneration is attributed to high levels of cone serotiny in these populations, unsuitable regeneration microsites due to undisturbed litter or feathermoss layers, and competition from the residual canopy and understory vegetation. Other species (aspen, birch, poplar, black and white spruce) were found on most sites, either as post-attack regeneration or regeneration established in advance. Without intervention, many of these stands will likely transition away from pine, to broadleaf and other conifer species.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48582549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. F. Wilson, T. Nudds, Philip E. J. Green, A. de Vries
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin,1788) use older forests that provide abundant terrestrial lichen forage and refuge from predators. However, forest structural characteristics vary widely, differing in forage availability but also, perhaps, in the ability of caribou to move freely to access forage or to escape predation. We conducted a multivariate analysis of habitat in two geographically and biophysically distinct regions to identify the independent effects of various attributes, including forest understorey stand density, defined as standing and downed biomass, on caribou habitat selection. We developed Bayesian network models to predict the probability of habitat selection based on a set of remotely sensed habitat inputs. Caribou in the Bistcho range (northwestern Alberta) selected non-forest/sparsely forested areas while caribou in the Trout Lake region (northwestern Ontario) selected primarily forested habitats, nevertheless consistent with selection for reduced predation risk in both cases. Caribou also selected forest stands with lower understorey stand density in both regions, consistent with selection for stands that would allow greater ease of movement. The high-resolution satellite data resolved habitat characteristics more consistently and in greater detail than standard forest cover datasets that are most often used for these analyses, and led us to conclude that habitat management may require different treatments in different parts of the species’ range to address what are nevertheless common pathways to decline.
{"title":"Effect of forest understorey stand density on woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) habitat selection","authors":"S. F. Wilson, T. Nudds, Philip E. J. Green, A. de Vries","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin,1788) use older forests that provide abundant terrestrial lichen forage and refuge from predators. However, forest structural characteristics vary widely, differing in forage availability but also, perhaps, in the ability of caribou to move freely to access forage or to escape predation. We conducted a multivariate analysis of habitat in two geographically and biophysically distinct regions to identify the independent effects of various attributes, including forest understorey stand density, defined as standing and downed biomass, on caribou habitat selection. We developed Bayesian network models to predict the probability of habitat selection based on a set of remotely sensed habitat inputs. Caribou in the Bistcho range (northwestern Alberta) selected non-forest/sparsely forested areas while caribou in the Trout Lake region (northwestern Ontario) selected primarily forested habitats, nevertheless consistent with selection for reduced predation risk in both cases. Caribou also selected forest stands with lower understorey stand density in both regions, consistent with selection for stands that would allow greater ease of movement. The high-resolution satellite data resolved habitat characteristics more consistently and in greater detail than standard forest cover datasets that are most often used for these analyses, and led us to conclude that habitat management may require different treatments in different parts of the species’ range to address what are nevertheless common pathways to decline.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45583419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seasonal changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and water-use efficiency (WUE) in the needles of Pinus armandii were investigated. The needles of P. armandii were sampled in January, May, August, and November 2021. The results showed that (1) the needle δ13C values of young P. armandii forests were higher than those of middle-aged P. armandii forests, and these differences were significant in winter. (2) Both young and middle-aged P. armandii forests were restricted by N and P, and P. armandii was more restricted by N in summer, autumn, and winter. (3) Needle δ13C values were significantly positively correlated with P and negatively correlated with N, C/P, and N/P in young P. armandii forests; P. armandii (especially young stands) can compensate for decreases in N-use efficiency by increasing WUE. The C, N, and P content and their stoichiometric ratios were affected by a combination of season, stand age, and WUE. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of nutrients and WUE in P. armandii in the subtropical region. Our findings also have implications for the management of P. armandii plantations in the study area.
{"title":"Variation of the water-use efficiency and nutrients of Pinus armandii under different ages and growth season","authors":"Yuanxi Liu, Jun-Yan Wu, Danzi Wu, Jiandong Xiao, Jianli Sun, Zhijuan Zhao","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0078","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and water-use efficiency (WUE) in the needles of Pinus armandii were investigated. The needles of P. armandii were sampled in January, May, August, and November 2021. The results showed that (1) the needle δ13C values of young P. armandii forests were higher than those of middle-aged P. armandii forests, and these differences were significant in winter. (2) Both young and middle-aged P. armandii forests were restricted by N and P, and P. armandii was more restricted by N in summer, autumn, and winter. (3) Needle δ13C values were significantly positively correlated with P and negatively correlated with N, C/P, and N/P in young P. armandii forests; P. armandii (especially young stands) can compensate for decreases in N-use efficiency by increasing WUE. The C, N, and P content and their stoichiometric ratios were affected by a combination of season, stand age, and WUE. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of nutrients and WUE in P. armandii in the subtropical region. Our findings also have implications for the management of P. armandii plantations in the study area.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joe H. Collier, D. Maclean, A. Taylor, L. D’Orangeville
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) is projected to decline in the Acadian Forest Region under climate change. We hypothesized that along a 700 km latitudinal gradient with increasing mean annual temperature from New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, Canada, balsam fir regeneration density and growth rates would 1) decline with warming, and 2) decline more in immature than in mature stands due to greater exposure to adverse climate conditions. Regeneration density, height growth, and lateral branch growth were measured in 30 mature and 28 immature plots and related to climate and stand variables using generalized additive models. Balsam fir regeneration density was negatively affected by increased mean annual temperature and increased with summer precipitation, supporting our first hypothesis, but varied by height class. Canopy cover significantly affected seedling density, but its effect varied by substrate type (coniferous litter and dry moss litter), with seedling density being greatest under low canopy cover for large seedlings and greatest at intermediate canopy cover for small seedlings. Seedling growth rates were determined by height class, canopy cover, precipitation, and coniferous litter cover. Stand maturity did not significantly affect fir regeneration density or growth rates. Our results indicate that over time, increasing mean annual temperature may reduce balsam fir regeneration density within the Acadian Forest Region, while the marginal summer precipitation increases may lead to small gains in growth.
{"title":"Warming adversely affects density but not growth of balsam fir regeneration across a climatic gradient in the Acadian Forest Region of eastern Canada","authors":"Joe H. Collier, D. Maclean, A. Taylor, L. D’Orangeville","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0126","url":null,"abstract":"Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) is projected to decline in the Acadian Forest Region under climate change. We hypothesized that along a 700 km latitudinal gradient with increasing mean annual temperature from New Brunswick to Nova Scotia, Canada, balsam fir regeneration density and growth rates would 1) decline with warming, and 2) decline more in immature than in mature stands due to greater exposure to adverse climate conditions. Regeneration density, height growth, and lateral branch growth were measured in 30 mature and 28 immature plots and related to climate and stand variables using generalized additive models. Balsam fir regeneration density was negatively affected by increased mean annual temperature and increased with summer precipitation, supporting our first hypothesis, but varied by height class. Canopy cover significantly affected seedling density, but its effect varied by substrate type (coniferous litter and dry moss litter), with seedling density being greatest under low canopy cover for large seedlings and greatest at intermediate canopy cover for small seedlings. Seedling growth rates were determined by height class, canopy cover, precipitation, and coniferous litter cover. Stand maturity did not significantly affect fir regeneration density or growth rates. Our results indicate that over time, increasing mean annual temperature may reduce balsam fir regeneration density within the Acadian Forest Region, while the marginal summer precipitation increases may lead to small gains in growth.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49525037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global change drivers are altering forest dynamics, yet how these factors influence tree survival across early developmental stages (i.e., seedling to recruited sapling) over large geographies is not well understood. We developed a novel approach to evaluate controls on seedling and sapling survival. This approach was demonstrated on a set of systematic forest inventory plots across the northeastern USA in which seedlings were tallied within six height classes, allowing for a detailed assessment of the stages at which demographic bottlenecks in juvenile tree development are often observed. Forest inventory subplots containing a study species were divided into overlapping bins along an environmental or ecological gradient, and ratios of abundance between successive size classes were used to infer relative survival rates. Relationships between ten common tree species and tree density, shrub cover and mean annual temperature were assessed. As seedling height class increased, we observed shifts from positive to negative associations with shrub cover and large tree density. Our results suggest that observed patterns of sapling and tree abundance may belie complex and sometimes opposing influences on seedling survival that are important to quantify when predicting and managing for successful tree recruitment and future canopy tree composition.
{"title":"Relationships between juvenile tree survival and tree density, shrub cover and temperature vary by size class based on ratios of abundance","authors":"Lucas B. Harris, C. Woodall, A. D’Amato","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0097","url":null,"abstract":"Global change drivers are altering forest dynamics, yet how these factors influence tree survival across early developmental stages (i.e., seedling to recruited sapling) over large geographies is not well understood. We developed a novel approach to evaluate controls on seedling and sapling survival. This approach was demonstrated on a set of systematic forest inventory plots across the northeastern USA in which seedlings were tallied within six height classes, allowing for a detailed assessment of the stages at which demographic bottlenecks in juvenile tree development are often observed. Forest inventory subplots containing a study species were divided into overlapping bins along an environmental or ecological gradient, and ratios of abundance between successive size classes were used to infer relative survival rates. Relationships between ten common tree species and tree density, shrub cover and mean annual temperature were assessed. As seedling height class increased, we observed shifts from positive to negative associations with shrub cover and large tree density. Our results suggest that observed patterns of sapling and tree abundance may belie complex and sometimes opposing influences on seedling survival that are important to quantify when predicting and managing for successful tree recruitment and future canopy tree composition.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews and discusses the main features of biological invasion by plants and the assisted migration theory referencing a critical common factor —belowground ecology. The risk of a plant becoming invasive, and the potential failure of assisted migration programs depend on the presence or absence of soil microorganisms that regulate key ecosystem processes and mitigate adverse environmental conditions. This biotic interaction should be considered in the selection of sites for afforestation programs since it is as important as temperature and precipitation in decisions regarding conservation and assisted migration practices in response to climate change. Fungal species should be determined and included in climate change mitigation programs to avoid disease outbreaks and ensure the presence of beneficial mutualistic species in sites selected for assisted migration. Plants considered for assisted migration should pose a low risk of becoming invasive for having establishment difficulties per se. However, the real threat is that they may displace other species, introduce pathogens, or trigger disease outbreaks in introduction sites that nullify assisted migration efforts.
{"title":"Assisted Migration and Plant Invasion: Importance of Belowground Ecology in Conifer Forest Tree Ecosystems","authors":"Andrés Argüelles-Moyao, L. Galicia","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews and discusses the main features of biological invasion by plants and the assisted migration theory referencing a critical common factor —belowground ecology. The risk of a plant becoming invasive, and the potential failure of assisted migration programs depend on the presence or absence of soil microorganisms that regulate key ecosystem processes and mitigate adverse environmental conditions. This biotic interaction should be considered in the selection of sites for afforestation programs since it is as important as temperature and precipitation in decisions regarding conservation and assisted migration practices in response to climate change. Fungal species should be determined and included in climate change mitigation programs to avoid disease outbreaks and ensure the presence of beneficial mutualistic species in sites selected for assisted migration. Plants considered for assisted migration should pose a low risk of becoming invasive for having establishment difficulties per se. However, the real threat is that they may displace other species, introduce pathogens, or trigger disease outbreaks in introduction sites that nullify assisted migration efforts.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. D. Goode, J. Hart, D. Dey, M. LaFevor, S. Torreano
Low-intensity surface fire is required to restore and maintain Quercus-Pinus mixedwood composition, structure, and function. However, historical fire exclusion has resulted in altered vegetation-fuels-fire feedbacks in long-unburned mixedwoods. Fire is now being reintroduced to reduce fire-intolerant understory and midstory stem density, consume excessive litter accumulation, eradicate the duff layer, and achieve various other goals; however, the consequences of restoring fire are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of fire reintroduction on intra-stand Pinus echinata neighborhoods in a mixed Quercus- P. echinata stand following an extended period of fire exclusion. We report results from a three-year sampling of the effects of one dormant season and one early growing season fire on woody plant dynamics, understory light, fuel conditions, and P. echinata basal duff-ring accumulation. The sapling assemblage was unaffected by one fire, but the second fire resulted in shoot mortality across all taxa. Understory light availability was unchanged after two fires, and litter depth was significantly reduced after the first and second fire. We found that fire seasonality was likely more important than fuel conditions to achieve desired fire effects. Our results indicated continued fire and midstory treatment will be required to regenerate P. echinata.
{"title":"Restoration of low-intensity fire in Quercus-Pinus mixedwoods following a prolonged period of fire exclusion","authors":"J. D. Goode, J. Hart, D. Dey, M. LaFevor, S. Torreano","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0116","url":null,"abstract":"Low-intensity surface fire is required to restore and maintain Quercus-Pinus mixedwood composition, structure, and function. However, historical fire exclusion has resulted in altered vegetation-fuels-fire feedbacks in long-unburned mixedwoods. Fire is now being reintroduced to reduce fire-intolerant understory and midstory stem density, consume excessive litter accumulation, eradicate the duff layer, and achieve various other goals; however, the consequences of restoring fire are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of fire reintroduction on intra-stand Pinus echinata neighborhoods in a mixed Quercus- P. echinata stand following an extended period of fire exclusion. We report results from a three-year sampling of the effects of one dormant season and one early growing season fire on woody plant dynamics, understory light, fuel conditions, and P. echinata basal duff-ring accumulation. The sapling assemblage was unaffected by one fire, but the second fire resulted in shoot mortality across all taxa. Understory light availability was unchanged after two fires, and litter depth was significantly reduced after the first and second fire. We found that fire seasonality was likely more important than fuel conditions to achieve desired fire effects. Our results indicated continued fire and midstory treatment will be required to regenerate P. echinata.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43088436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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