Canadian Journal of Forest Research最新文献

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Combined application of organic manure and reduced-rate chemical fertilizer improved growth, nutrient use efficiency, biomass accumulation, and carbon sequestration of Zanthoxylum armatum seedlings 有机肥和减量化肥联合施用提高了花椒幼苗的生长、养分利用效率、生物量积累和固碳能力

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2023-0115

Tahseen Saba, Fariha Saleem, Wanlin Liu, Jing-yan Wang, W. Hui, Hafsa Nazir, W. Gong

The possibility of incorporating organic manure (OM) to reduced rates of chemical fertilizers (CF) to augment biomass production and carbon sequestration (Cseq), and the role of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake in vegetation Cseq was investigated through pot experiment with one-year-old Zanthoxylum armatum seedlings. Seven treatments were designed including NPK, PK, NP, NK, OM, MNPK (50%NPK+50%OM), and control (CK, no fertilization). MNPK application improved nutrient uptake of 2.76-fold N, 3.34-fold P, and 2.01-fold K, resulting in the highest biomass production and biomass Cseq (1.65-fold) as compared to CK. Correlation and redundancy analysis revealed that Cseq is significantly associated to biomass production (r = 0.994) and regulated by N and P uptake. The highest NUE was recorded for N (38.8%), followed by K (21.1%), and P (16.4%) under MNPK application. Therefore, MNPK could be an optimum measure regarding fertilizer saving, biomass production and attaining C neutrality.

以1年生花椒幼苗为研究对象，通过盆栽试验研究了有机肥(OM)与化肥(CF)配合增加生物量和碳固存(Cseq)的可能性，以及植被对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)吸收的作用。设计了NPK、PK、NP、NK、OM、MNPK (50%NPK+50%OM)和对照(CK，不施肥)7个处理。氮磷钾处理提高了氮肥的2.76倍、磷的3.34倍和钾的2.01倍，生物量产量和生物量Cseq均为对照的1.65倍。相关分析和冗余分析表明，Cseq与生物量产量显著相关(r = 0.994)，并受氮磷吸收的调控。氮肥利用效率最高，为38.8%，其次是钾(21.1%)和磷(16.4%)。因此，MNPK可能是节约肥料、生产生物质和实现碳中和的最佳措施。

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引用次数: 0

Hepatic Acyl CoA Oxidase1 Inhibition Modifies Brain Lipids and Electrical Properties of Dentate Gyrus. 肝酰基CoA氧化酶1抑制可改变脑脂质和齿状回的电特性

3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3500.1

Shahrbanoo Rafiei, Fariba Khodagholi, Hamid Gholami Pourbadie, Leila Dargahi, Fereshteh Motamedi

Introduction: Peroxisomes are essential organelles in lipid metabolism. They contain enzymes for β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) that cannot be broken down in mitochondria. Reduced expression in hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), a peroxisome β-oxidation enzyme, followed by modification of the brain fatty acid profile has been observed in aged rodents. These studies have suggested a potential role for peroxisome β-oxidation in brain aging. This study was designed to examine the effect of hepatic ACOX1 inhibition on brain fatty acid composition and neuronal cell activities of young rats (200-250 g).

Methods: A specific ACOX1 inhibitor, 10, 12- tricosadiynoic acid (TDYA), 100 μg/kg (in olive oil) was administered by daily gavage for 25 days in male Wistar rats. The brain fatty acid composition and electrophysiological properties of dentate gyrus granule cells were determined using gas chromatography and whole-cell patch-clamp, respectively.

Results: A significant increase in C20, C22, C18:1, C20:1, and a decrease of C18, C24, C20:3n6, and C22:6n3 were found in 10, 12- tricosadiynoic acid (TDYA) treated rats compared to the control group. The results showed that ACOX1 inhibition changes fatty acid composition similar to old rats. ACOX1 inhibition caused hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential, and also reduction of input resistance, action potential duration, and spike firing. Moreover, ACOX1 inhibition increased rheobase current and afterhyperpolarization amplitude in granule cells.

Conclusion: The results indicated that systemic inhibition of ACOX1 causes hypo-excitability of neuronal cells. These results provide new evidence on the involvement of peroxisome function and hepatic ACOX1 activity in brain fatty acid profile and the electrophysiological properties of dentate gyrus cells.

简介过氧物酶体是脂质代谢中必不可少的细胞器。它们含有对线粒体中无法分解的超长链脂肪酸（VLCFA）进行β氧化的酶。在老龄啮齿动物体内观察到，肝脏酰基-CoA 氧化酶 1（ACOX1）（一种过氧化物酶体 β-氧化酶）的表达量减少，随后脑脂肪酸谱发生改变。这些研究表明，过氧化物酶体 β 氧化在大脑衰老过程中可能发挥作用。本研究旨在探讨肝脏 ACOX1 抑制对年轻大鼠（200-250 克）脑脂肪酸组成和神经细胞活性的影响：方法：对雄性 Wistar 大鼠每天灌胃 100 μg/kg（在橄榄油中）的特异性 ACOX1 抑制剂--10，12- 三缩二壬酸（TDYA），持续 25 天。采用气相色谱法和全细胞膜片钳法分别测定了大鼠脑脂肪酸组成和齿状回颗粒细胞的电生理特性：结果：与对照组相比，10, 12-三苯二酸（TDYA）处理组大鼠的 C20、C22、C18:1、C20:1 明显增加，而 C18、C24、C20:3n6 和 C22:6n3 则明显减少。结果表明，抑制 ACOX1 会改变脂肪酸组成，与老龄大鼠相似。抑制 ACOX1 可使静息膜电位超极化，并降低输入阻抗、动作电位持续时间和尖峰发射。此外，ACOX1抑制还能增加颗粒细胞的流变基电流和超极化后振幅：结论：研究结果表明，系统性抑制 ACOX1 会导致神经元细胞兴奋性降低。这些结果为过氧化物酶体功能和肝脏 ACOX1 活性参与脑脂肪酸谱和齿状回细胞电生理特性提供了新的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing future climate trends and implications for managed forests across Canadian ecozones 评估未来气候趋势及其对加拿大生态区管理森林的影响

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2023-0058

Amy R Wotherspoon, Alexis Achim, N. Coops

Climate change interacts with ecological processes leading to changes in tree and forest growth rate, biome shifts and species composition, all of which are influenced by disturbances. This study explores future overarching climate trends of eight of Canada’s ecozones containing managed forests. For the 2071 to 2100 period, climate projections indicate a warming trend of up to an additional 5.5°C and an overall increase in annual precipitation by the end of the century. Future trends suggest marked contrast between coastal and interior forests and polarization between western and eastern forests. Warmer temperatures, accumulating degree-days above 5°C and frost-free days suggest longer and drier growing seasons and greater risk of drought particularly in moisture-limited areas such as montane cordillera, taiga shield and boreal shield ecozones. Warmer temperatures and rising precipitation combined with less precipitation falling as snow suggest shorter and wetter future winters. This indicates greater risk of rain-on-snow and freeze-thaw events, flooding and landslides, particularly in coastal ecozones. We discuss how these projections are likely to result in shifts in dominant species and abundance which, when coupled with the cumulative effects of future disturbances, is likely to alter future forest dynamics and impact harvestable wood volumes for Canada’s forestry industry.

气候变化与生态过程相互作用，导致树木和森林生长率、生物群落转移和物种组成的变化，所有这些都受到干扰的影响。本研究探讨了加拿大八个有管理森林的生态区未来的总体气候趋势。在2071年至2100年期间，气候预估表明，到本世纪末，全球变暖趋势将再增加5.5°C，年降水量将总体增加。未来的趋势表明沿海森林和内陆森林之间存在明显的差别，西部森林和东部森林之间存在两极分化。气温升高、日积月久超过5°C以及无霜期意味着生长季节更长、更干燥，干旱风险更大，特别是在山地科迪勒拉、针叶林防护林和北方防护林等水分有限的地区。气温升高和降水增加，再加上降雪降水减少，预示着未来冬天会更短、更潮湿。这表明雨雪和冻融事件、洪水和山体滑坡的风险更大，特别是在沿海生态区。我们讨论了这些预测如何可能导致优势物种和丰度的变化，当与未来干扰的累积效应相结合时，可能会改变未来的森林动态并影响加拿大林业的可采伐木材量。

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引用次数: 0

A bibliometric review of stakeholders' participation in sustainable forest management 利益相关者参与可持续森林管理的文献计量分析

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0329

Irene Ciccarino, M. E. Fernandes

Although stakeholders' participation in forest management helps overcome problems and conflicts that prevent sustainable solutions, different approaches and nomenclature for similar contents in the literature hinder theoretical progress on the topic. This study organises existing information through a bibliometric analysis of scientific papers from the last 30 years (1991-2021) on sustainable forest management, focusing on the stakeholders' participation. Results demonstrate that stakeholders' participation in sustainable forest management gained relevance from 2017 onwards. Case studies are predominant (66%), and six major trends were identified. The first emphasises a systemic approach to participation. The second updates the community management discussion. The third studies historical problems related to the use of resources, rights, and services. The fourth focuses on regional assessments and studies. The fifth concerns assessment, decision-making, and planning, including issues related to certifications and policies. The sixth discusses innovation related to adaptation, climate change, equity, and resilience. The studies included in this last classification are problem-solving oriented and seek new forest management. Although important, the role of innovation in stakeholders' participation in sustainable forest management is overlooked, which constitutes an avenue for future research.

尽管利益攸关方参与森林管理有助于克服阻碍可持续解决方案的问题和冲突，但文献中类似内容的不同方法和命名方式阻碍了该主题的理论进展。本研究通过对过去30年（1991-2021年）关于可持续森林管理的科学论文进行文献计量分析，整理现有信息，重点关注利益相关者的参与。结果表明，从2017年起，利益攸关方参与可持续森林管理的重要性增强。案例研究占主导地位（66%），并确定了六个主要趋势。第一个强调系统的参与方法。第二部分更新了社区管理讨论。第三部分研究与资源使用、权利和服务相关的历史问题。第四部分侧重于区域评估和研究。第五个问题涉及评估、决策和规划，包括与认证和政策有关的问题。第六部分讨论了与适应、气候变化、公平和复原力有关的创新。最后一个分类中的研究以解决问题为导向，寻求新的森林管理。尽管创新很重要，但它在利益攸关方参与可持续森林管理方面的作用却被忽视了，这是未来研究的一个途径。

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引用次数: 0

Determining ages of conifer trees with resistance microdrilling 用阻力微钻孔法测定针叶树的树龄

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2023-0077

Pengfei Xu, Houjiang Zhang, Zhe Xin, Fenglu Liu, Song Haiou, Jiangyu Yuan

This study verified the potential for determining the age of conifer trees using resistance microdrilling. A laboratory investigation, comparison of resistance microdrilling and counting branch whorls, and dating of old trees in a historic heritage site were conducted in this study. Two methods were proposed to determine the drilling path for resistance microdrilling. The results showed that resistance microdrilling is suitable for non-destructive testing (NDT) of living conifer trees. Moreover, the drilling path deviation must not exceed 15° to obtain reliable results. The absolute detection error of resistance microdrilling was within ±3 years for young trees (age <40 years old), within ±5 years for old trees, and the relative error for all trees was less than 10%. The two methods for determining the drilling path proposed in this study are recommended for aligning the needle with the pith. For trees with a DBH exceeding the range of a resistance microdrill, the pith and age may be determined by using a “two-way drilling” in a forward and then reverse direction.

本研究验证了利用阻力微钻测定针叶树年龄的潜力。本文对一处历史遗址的老树进行了室内调查、抗性微钻对比和枝轮计数，并对其年代学进行了研究。提出了两种方法来确定阻力微钻的钻进路径。结果表明，电阻微钻技术适用于针叶树活体无损检测。此外，为了获得可靠的结果，钻井路径偏差不得超过15°。年龄<40岁的幼树电阻微钻的绝对检测误差在±3年以内，老树的检测误差在±5年以内，所有树木的相对误差都小于10%。本研究中提出的两种确定钻孔路径的方法被推荐用于将针与髓对齐。对于胸径超过阻力微钻范围的树木，可以采用先正后反的“双向钻孔”来确定髓和树龄。

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility of winter cut red pine (P. resinosa) stumps to Heterobasidion root disease (HRD) infection 冬切赤松（P.resinosa）树桩对异担子菌根病（HRD）感染的易感性

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2023-0141

Jed Meunier, Kyoko Scanlon, Adam Wallace, L. Williams

Heterobasidion root disease (HRD), a destructive disease of conifers, is a growing management concern. Infection by HRD fungus (Heterobasidion irregulare) most often occurs when spores, usually produced when temperature is between 5–32°C, land and germinate on freshly cut surfaces. Older stump surfaces are generally unsuitable for colonization, likely due to changes in chemical and physical properties of wood and competitor fungi which limit HRD infection. Stump protectants are effective but not used or recommended in subfreezing temperatures during winter when spores are less common. This study evaluated the potential for older cut stump infection following snowmelt in spring via inoculation of disks collected 7 weeks following initial thinning and exposed to extensive subfreezing temperatures. We found a surprising number of disks (40%) were successfully colonized with H. irregulare. More research on potential for winter cut conifer HRD infection is warranted as are steps to limit this potential.

异担子菌根病（HRD）是针叶树的一种破坏性疾病，日益引起人们的关注。HRD真菌（不规则异担子菌）的感染最常见于孢子（通常在温度介于5–32°C之间时产生）在新切割的表面上降落并发芽时。较老的树桩表面通常不适合定植，这可能是由于木材和竞争真菌的化学和物理特性的变化限制了HRD感染。树桩保护剂是有效的，但在孢子不太常见的冬季，在低于冰点的温度下不使用或不推荐使用。这项研究评估了春季融雪后，通过接种在最初变薄后7周收集的圆盘并暴露在广泛的低于冰点的温度下，较老的切割树桩感染的可能性。我们发现数量惊人的圆盘（40%）成功地被非规则H.定植。有必要对冬季针叶树HRD感染的可能性进行更多的研究，并采取措施限制这种可能性。

引用次数: 0

Wood density and leaf traits independently relate to growth rate of naturally regenerated tree species in Araucaria angustifolia plantations in the Atlantic Forest, Argentina 在阿根廷大西洋森林中，栓皮栎(Araucaria angustifolia)人工林的木材密度和叶片性状与自然再生树种的生长速率有独立的关系

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0333

Micaela Medina, Magalí Pérez Flores, L. J. Ritter, J. F. Goya, Paula I. Campanello, M. Arturi

Tree plantations can facilitate the establishment of native trees, thus providing opportunities for the ecological restoration or rehabilitation of degraded forest lands. Stand variables can influence the establishment of native tree species, but few studies have been carried out to determine how sapling growth response to stand variables varies among functionally different species. We evaluated the effect of stand age, stand basal area, tree density, and time since last logging on stem diameter growth rates, as well as the dependence of such effect on whole plant, stem, and leaf functional traits. We measured the stem diameter increment on 280 individuals of 22 species in permanent plots for a period of 2 years in araucaria ( Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze) plantations in the Atlantic Forest, NE Argentina. Increasing all-species basal area and plantation age negatively affected the growth rates, and such effect tended to be higher in species with low wood density. Two functional axes independently explained growth rate differences between species in growth rate. Growth rates increase with decreasing wood density, increasing leaf phosphorus and potassium content, and decreasing specific leaf area. Among species that are similar in the traits associated with the first functional axis, plant growth increases with increasing leaf nitrogen content.

植树造林可以促进原生树木的建立，从而为退化林地的生态恢复或恢复提供机会。林分变量可以影响原生树种的建立，但很少有研究确定不同功能树种间树苗生长对林分变量的响应。研究了林龄、林基面积、乔木密度和末伐时间对林分茎粗生长率的影响，以及这种影响对全株、茎和叶功能性状的依赖关系。在2年的时间里，对白杨(araucaria angustifolia, Bertol.)永久样地22种280个个体的茎粗增长量进行了测量。阿根廷东北部大西洋森林中的昆策(Kuntze)种植园。增加全种基材面积和人工林年龄对生长速率有负向影响，且对低密度树种的影响更大。两个功能轴独立地解释了物种间生长速率的差异。生长速率随木材密度的降低、叶片磷、钾含量的增加和比叶面积的减小而增加。在与第一个功能轴相关的性状相似的物种中，植物生长随叶片含氮量的增加而增加。

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引用次数: 0

Low-impact line construction retains and speeds recovery of trees on seismic lines in forested peatlands 低影响线路建设保留并加快了泥炭地森林地震线上树木的恢复

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0250

Angelo T. Filicetti, Jesse Tigner, S. Nielsen, Katherine Wolfenden, Murdoch Taylor, P. Bentham

Seismic lines are linear features created by the oil and gas industry for energy exploration. Though individually narrow, collectively seismic lines are a pervasive management challenge, resulting in changes to biogeochemical cycles, plant and animal abundance and behaviour, predator-prey relationships, and forest successional trajectories. These impacts arise from historical construction methods that used bulldozers to remove vegetation and substrate leaving lines as persistent openings in a state of arrested succession. In the mid-1990s, “low-impact seismic” (LIS) line construction began, using mulchers to remove vegetation aboveground to minimize impacts and hasten reforestation. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of LIS in retention, recruitment, and growth of seedlings in forested peatlands in northeast British Columbia. Retained and recruited trees on LIS lines were found at 69% and 64% of sites, had mean densities of 3,400 and 6,000 stems/ha, and mean heights of 42 and 11 cm, respectively. These LIS lines appeared to recover along expected trajectories toward tree cover, thereby mitigating challenges typical of older seismic exploration. Our results suggest it is feasible to further fast-forward line recovery by ensuring mulcher drums are kept as high as possible to increase the number and height of trees through the mulching process.

地震线是石油和天然气工业为能源勘探而创造的线性特征。地震线虽然个别狭窄，但总体上是一个普遍的管理挑战，导致生物地球化学循环、动植物丰度和行为、捕食者-猎物关系和森林演替轨迹的变化。这些影响源于历史上使用推土机清除植被和基材的施工方法，在演替受阻的状态下，留下的线条作为持续的开口。在20世纪90年代中期，“低影响地震”(LIS)线路建设开始，使用覆盖物去除地面上的植被，以尽量减少影响并加速重新造林。在这里，我们评估了LIS在不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部森林泥炭地幼苗保留、招募和生长方面的有效性。在69%和64%的地点发现了LIS系上的保留树和招募树，平均密度分别为3400和6000茎/ha，平均高度分别为42和11 cm。这些LIS线似乎沿着树木覆盖的预期轨迹恢复，从而减轻了传统地震勘探的典型挑战。我们的研究结果表明，在覆盖过程中，通过确保覆盖桶尽可能高，以增加树的数量和高度，进一步加快线恢复是可行的。

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引用次数: 2

Carbon and biomass models for five Sierra Nevada mixed conifer species 内华达山脉五种混合针叶树的碳和生物量模型

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2023-0133

Dryw A. Jones, K. O’Hara

Data from tree cores and disks were used to develop biomass and carbon mass taper models for five major Sierra Nevada conifer species. These taper models were used to develop biomass and carbon mass prediction models for tree boles, tree bole portions, branch, and foliage using carbon fraction data for oven-dried and living tissue samples. Taper models developed using core data were well modeled to disk data with R2 values ranging from 0.98 to 0.99 by inclusion of a calibration parameter. The fit of the final models suggests our approach can be used to include large diameter trees that cannot be cut down in biomass data collection efforts that otherwise would only sample smaller diameter trees. Our results show that biomass weighted living carbon estimates at the whole tree level ranged from 2.8 - 9% higher estimation methods using the standard carbon fraction of 0.5 depending on the tree species. Our approach addresses the need to account for variation in carbon fraction and wood density throughout trees, as well as demonstrating a data collection and modeling approach to include large old growth trees that cannot be destructively sampled.

来自树芯和圆盘的数据被用于开发内华达山脉五个主要针叶树物种的生物量和碳质量递减模型。这些锥形模型用于利用烘干和活组织样本的碳分数数据开发树干、树干部分、树枝和树叶的生物量和碳质量预测模型。通过包含校准参数，使用岩心数据开发的锥度模型被很好地建模为R2值在0.98至0.99之间的圆盘数据。最终模型的拟合表明，我们的方法可以用于包括在生物量数据收集工作中不能砍伐的大直径树木，否则只会对较小直径的树木进行采样。我们的研究结果表明，根据树种的不同，使用标准碳分数0.5的估计方法，在整棵树的水平上，生物量加权的活碳估计值高出2.8-9%。我们的方法解决了考虑树木中碳含量和木材密度变化的需要，并展示了一种数据收集和建模方法，以包括无法破坏性采样的大型老树。

引用次数: 0

Seed coatings containing capsaicin reduce seed removal on temperate woody species 含有辣椒素的种皮可减少温带木本物种的种子脱粒

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2023-0109

Francesca Lanni, B. Connolly, John L. Orrock, P. Guiden

Coating seeds in taste-averting chemical defenses (e.g., capsaicin from Capsicum spp.) can reduce rodent seed predation, and thus might promote plant establishment and forest regeneration. However, the efficacy of such seed coatings remains unknown for many woody plant species, and seed coatings have not been evaluated across different habitats where forest managers might seek to promote forest regeneration. We used two complementary seed-removal experiments in closed-canopy forests (Michigan) and an old field undergoing reforestation (New York) to examine whether coating seeds of four native tree species (Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa) with chili powder reduces seed predation by rodents. In all species and habitats, untreated control seeds were removed more than seeds treated with capsaicin (94% more in the closed-canopy forest, 17% more in the old field). Seed coatings containing capsaicin may provide a generally effective tool to support native tree recruitment and promote restoration success.

将种子包裹在厌恶味道的化学防御物中（例如辣椒属的辣椒素）可以减少啮齿动物对种子的捕食，从而可能促进植物的建立和森林的再生。然而，对于许多木本植物物种来说，这种种子涂层的功效仍然未知，而且还没有对森林管理者可能寻求促进森林再生的不同栖息地的种子涂层进行评估。我们在封闭的树冠林（密歇根州）和一块正在重新造林的旧田地（纽约州）中进行了两次互补的种子去除实验，以检验用辣椒粉覆盖四种本土树种（红枫、大叶法格斯、班克松、树脂松）的种子是否能减少啮齿动物对种子的捕食。在所有物种和栖息地中，未经处理的对照种子比用辣椒素处理的种子被移除得更多（在封闭的树冠林中多94%，在旧田地中多17%）。含有辣椒素的种子涂层可以提供一种普遍有效的工具来支持原生树木的恢复和促进恢复的成功。

引用次数: 0

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