A potential scientific viewpoint is provided by three-dimensional (3D) cancer models, which have as their main objective bridging the differences between two-dimensional (2D) models, animal models, and clinical research. We used a tissue engineering approach to engineer colorectal cancer (CT26 cell line) with a decellularized sheep colon to create a 3D biologic model. A decellularized colon matrix (DCM) was prepared with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and its DNA content, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, histology, cell adhesion, and tissue ultrastructure were characterized. Brown algae exhibit various biological activities, including anticancer activity, connected to the impact of carotenoids, glyceroglycolipids, fucoidan sulfate polysaccharides, or iodine compounds. In both a 2D culture (culture plate) and 3D (DCM) model, CT26 cells were treated with brown algae extract and doxorubicin (DOX), and their viability, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nitric oxide (NO) secretion were assessed. DCM retains a significant amount of its biological and structural characteristics. In both models, cell survival was decreased. Groups that received algae demonstrated antioxidant activity. A decrease in NO secretion was demonstrated in cancer cells that had been treated with algae and DOX, the 3D model’s drug sensitivity was lower than the 2D model. Due to the biological activity of the extracellular matrix, the use of decellularized scaffolds in the construction of cancer models can thus be a potent tool for future research and drug screens.
摘要 三维（3D）癌症模型提供了一个潜在的科学视角，其主要目的是弥合二维（2D）模型、动物模型和临床研究之间的差异。我们采用组织工程学方法，将脱细胞绵羊结肠与结直肠癌（CT26 细胞系）结合起来，创建了一个三维生物模型。用 1%十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）制备了脱细胞结肠基质（DCM），并对其 DNA 含量、生物相容性、血液相容性、组织学、细胞粘附性和组织超微结构进行了表征。褐藻具有多种生物活性，包括抗癌活性，这与类胡萝卜素、甘油糖脂、硫酸褐藻糖多糖或碘化合物的影响有关。在二维培养（培养板）和三维（DCM）模型中，用褐藻提取物和多柔比星（DOX）处理 CT26 细胞，评估它们的存活率、总抗氧化能力（TAC）和一氧化氮（NO）分泌。DCM 保留了其大量的生物和结构特征。在这两种模型中，细胞存活率都有所下降。接受藻类疗法的组表现出抗氧化活性。接受海藻和 DOX 治疗的癌细胞的 NO 分泌减少，三维模型的药物敏感性低于二维模型。由于细胞外基质具有生物活性，因此使用脱细胞支架构建癌症模型可以成为未来研究和药物筛选的有效工具。
{"title":"Antioxidant Properties of Brown Algae in 3D Model for Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Mozafar Khazaei, Saeed Seyfi, Mohammad Rasool Khazaei, Azam Bozorgi Zarrini, Leila Rezakhani","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x23700128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x23700128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A potential scientific viewpoint is provided by three-dimensional (3D) cancer models, which have as their main objective bridging the differences between two-dimensional (2D) models, animal models, and clinical research. We used a tissue engineering approach to engineer colorectal cancer (CT26 cell line) with a decellularized sheep colon to create a 3D biologic model. A decellularized colon matrix (DCM) was prepared with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and its DNA content, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, histology, cell adhesion, and tissue ultrastructure were characterized. Brown algae exhibit various biological activities, including anticancer activity, connected to the impact of carotenoids, glyceroglycolipids, fucoidan sulfate polysaccharides, or iodine compounds. In both a 2D culture (culture plate) and 3D (DCM) model, CT26 cells were treated with brown algae extract and doxorubicin (DOX), and their viability, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nitric oxide (NO) secretion were assessed. DCM retains a significant amount of its biological and structural characteristics. In both models, cell survival was decreased. Groups that received algae demonstrated antioxidant activity. A decrease in NO secretion was demonstrated in cancer cells that had been treated with algae and DOX, the 3D model’s drug sensitivity was lower than the 2D model. Due to the biological activity of the extracellular matrix, the use of decellularized scaffolds in the construction of cancer models can thus be a potent tool for future research and drug screens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23700037
E. B. Burova, I. E. Perevoznikov, R. E. Ushakov
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), the main component of the extracellular space, mediates signal transmission between cells and controls their key functions: proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The relevance of studying ECM research is stipulated to the wide range of its biological properties, which can be used in regenerative medicine and bioengineering. Particular interest is presented the study of the regulatory activity on various cellular functions of cell-derived decellularized ECM (dECM). In this work, we tested the hypothesis about the modulating effect of dECM deposited by young MSC from Wharton’s jelly on the aging phenotype of endometrial human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (eMSCs), which the cells acquired in response to oxidative stress. This aspect of ECM functioning in the context of eMSCs has not yet been considered. A comparative study of H2O2-induced senescence of eMSCs cultured on dECM and on plastic for a long time showed a significant change in the hallmarks of aging in the cell population maintained on dECM. Taken together, the results obtained suggest that the dECM is able to partially reverse (retard) premature senescence of eMSCs in response to oxidative stress, as well as expanding the understanding of the ECM as a regulator of the functional activity of cells.
{"title":"Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Slows Down Premature Senescence of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells","authors":"E. B. Burova, I. E. Perevoznikov, R. E. Ushakov","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x23700037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x23700037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The extracellular matrix (ECM), the main component of the extracellular space, mediates signal transmission between cells and controls their key functions: proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The relevance of studying ECM research is stipulated to the wide range of its biological properties, which can be used in regenerative medicine and bioengineering. Particular interest is presented the study of the regulatory activity on various cellular functions of cell-derived decellularized ECM (dECM). In this work, we tested the hypothesis about the modulating effect of dECM deposited by young MSC from Wharton’s jelly on the aging phenotype of endometrial human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (eMSCs), which the cells acquired in response to oxidative stress. This aspect of ECM functioning in the context of eMSCs has not yet been considered. A comparative study of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced senescence of eMSCs cultured on dECM and on plastic for a long time showed a significant change in the hallmarks of aging in the cell population maintained on dECM. Taken together, the results obtained suggest that the dECM is able to partially reverse (retard) premature senescence of eMSCs in response to oxidative stress, as well as expanding the understanding of the ECM as a regulator of the functional activity of cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x24010024
V. P. Ivanova, L. L. Alekseenko, O. V. Nazarova, I. V. Mindukshev
Abstract
Cationic polymers are positively charged high-molecular compounds that have N-containing functional groups, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups, quaternary ammonium groups, etc. In this work, we studied the effect of the synthetic polycation poly-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEM) on the biological activity of Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human erythrocytes. Analysis of the effect of the polycation on cell adhesion was carried out using a fibroblast culture. Culture plastic, treated or untreated with polycation, was used as a substrate. Adsorption of the polycation on the polystyrene surface did not lead to a change in the adhesive ability of fibroblasts. Pretreatment of fibroblasts with PDMAEM in low concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg/mL) did not affect the adhesive properties of cells seeded on untreated plastic. At concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL, PDMAEM inhibited the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. A relationship has been determined between the suppression of cell adhesion under the influence of the polymer and its toxic effect on the viability of fibroblasts. Treatment of human erythrocytes with the polycation at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL resulted in cell damage and release of hemoglobin from erythrocytes. At low doses, the polycation had practically no effect on the processes of hemolysis of erythrocytes. It was shown that PDMAEM caused morphological changes in erythrocytes and their aggregation. The toxic effect of the polycation on human erythrocytes generally coincided with that for animal fibroblasts. Possible cellular targets that may be affected by the studied polycation are discussed.
{"title":"The Influence of the Synthetic Polycation Poly-2-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate on the Biological Activity of Resident and Nonresident Cells of Mammals","authors":"V. P. Ivanova, L. L. Alekseenko, O. V. Nazarova, I. V. Mindukshev","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x24010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x24010024","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Cationic polymers are positively charged high-molecular compounds that have N-containing functional groups, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups, quaternary ammonium groups, etc. In this work, we studied the effect of the synthetic polycation poly-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEM) on the biological activity of Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human erythrocytes. Analysis of the effect of the polycation on cell adhesion was carried out using a fibroblast culture. Culture plastic, treated or untreated with polycation, was used as a substrate. Adsorption of the polycation on the polystyrene surface did not lead to a change in the adhesive ability of fibroblasts. Pretreatment of fibroblasts with PDMAEM in low concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg/mL) did not affect the adhesive properties of cells seeded on untreated plastic. At concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL, PDMAEM inhibited the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. A relationship has been determined between the suppression of cell adhesion under the influence of the polymer and its toxic effect on the viability of fibroblasts. Treatment of human erythrocytes with the polycation at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL resulted in cell damage and release of hemoglobin from erythrocytes. At low doses, the polycation had practically no effect on the processes of hemolysis of erythrocytes. It was shown that PDMAEM caused morphological changes in erythrocytes and their aggregation. The toxic effect of the polycation on human erythrocytes generally coincided with that for animal fibroblasts. Possible cellular targets that may be affected by the studied polycation are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23700098
O. N. Serebryakova, V. V. Ivanova, I. V. Milto
Abstract
Premature birth has an obvious effect on all the systems of the body, including the cardiovascular system, which undergoes significant adaptive changes in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of preterm birth is necessary to ensure early prevention, identification, and treatment of the long-term adverse health consequences of this effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of premature birth on the structure of the wall of the ascending aorta in rats. The paper presents the results of a histological and morphometric analysis of the wall of the ascending aorta of Wistar rats born on days 21 and 21.5 of pregnancy (the full gestation period is 22 days). In the wall of the ascending aorta of prematurely born rats, signs of elastolysis and a violation of the parallel arrangement of elastic laminae were found. It has been shown that premature birth results in a decreased specific volume of elastic fibers and increased collagen fibers in the tunica media of the wall of the ascending aorta of prematurely born rats.
{"title":"Structural Features of the Wall of the Ascending Aorta of Premature Rats","authors":"O. N. Serebryakova, V. V. Ivanova, I. V. Milto","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x23700098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x23700098","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Premature birth has an obvious effect on all the systems of the body, including the cardiovascular system, which undergoes significant adaptive changes in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of preterm birth is necessary to ensure early prevention, identification, and treatment of the long-term adverse health consequences of this effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of premature birth on the structure of the wall of the ascending aorta in rats. The paper presents the results of a histological and morphometric analysis of the wall of the ascending aorta of Wistar rats born on days 21 and 21.5 of pregnancy (the full gestation period is 22 days). In the wall of the ascending aorta of prematurely born rats, signs of elastolysis and a violation of the parallel arrangement of elastic laminae were found. It has been shown that premature birth results in a decreased specific volume of elastic fibers and increased collagen fibers in the tunica media of the wall of the ascending aorta of prematurely born rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23700049
E. A. Kolos, D. E. Korzhevsky
Abstract
The study aimed at investigating the dynamics of the distribution and localization of the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis to assess morphological signs of age-related changes in intercellular interactions. The work was performed on Wistar rats aged 4 and 18 months using immunohistochemical methods. Glial cells were detected using antibodies to glutamine synthetase, and Iba-1 marker was used for macrophages. It has been established that connexin-43-containing structures are identified predominantly in satellite glial cells of young and aging animals. Sensory neurons, as well as DRG macrophages, of the examined age groups do not contain connexin-43. When analyzing age-related changes in intercellular contacts in the DRG of rats, it was found that areas enriched with connexin-43, corresponding to plaques of protein channels that ensure metabolic interaction of satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglia, became more numerous with age. This fact may indicate activation of interaction between glial cells in the sensory ganglia during rat aging.
{"title":"Gap Junction Protein Connexin-43 in a Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion","authors":"E. A. Kolos, D. E. Korzhevsky","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x23700049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x23700049","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study aimed at investigating the dynamics of the distribution and localization of the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis to assess morphological signs of age-related changes in intercellular interactions. The work was performed on Wistar rats aged 4 and 18 months using immunohistochemical methods. Glial cells were detected using antibodies to glutamine synthetase, and Iba-1 marker was used for macrophages. It has been established that connexin-43-containing structures are identified predominantly in satellite glial cells of young and aging animals. Sensory neurons, as well as DRG macrophages, of the examined age groups do not contain connexin-43. When analyzing age-related changes in intercellular contacts in the DRG of rats, it was found that areas enriched with connexin-43, corresponding to plaques of protein channels that ensure metabolic interaction of satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglia, became more numerous with age. This fact may indicate activation of interaction between glial cells in the sensory ganglia during rat aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x2401005x
A. P. Lykov
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts its effect on erythroid cells through interaction with the EPO receptor (EPOR), the so-called “canonical pathway,” and through a complex consisting of EPOR and the common cytokine receptor β subunit (CD131)—a noncanonical pathway for non-hematopoietic cells of the bodies of human beings and animals. The effect of EPO is realized through the initiation of a signaling cascade, which begins with phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and extends with the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase B (PI3K), Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). EPO exerts a direct cytoprotective effect through increased expression of CD131 with subsequent antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in target cells. In addition to its use in the treatment of anemia, EPO is increasingly used in the correction of inflammatory and degenerative processes in both experimental and clinical cell-mediated studies. EPO promotes the engraftment of stem cells and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the connective tissue direction, suppressing the inflammatory response and apoptosis of cells in the lesion. The article includes literature data regarding EPO and its clinical use in inflammatory–degenerative processes based on eLibrary and National Center for Biotechnology Information data from 1998 to 2022.
{"title":"Erythropoietin: Functions and Therapeutic Potential","authors":"A. P. Lykov","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x2401005x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x2401005x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts its effect on erythroid cells through interaction with the EPO receptor (EPOR), the so-called “canonical pathway,” and through a complex consisting of EPOR and the common cytokine receptor β subunit (CD131)—a noncanonical pathway for non-hematopoietic cells of the bodies of human beings and animals. The effect of EPO is realized through the initiation of a signaling cascade, which begins with phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and extends with the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase B (PI3K), Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). EPO exerts a direct cytoprotective effect through increased expression of CD131 with subsequent antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in target cells. In addition to its use in the treatment of anemia, EPO is increasingly used in the correction of inflammatory and degenerative processes in both experimental and clinical cell-mediated studies. EPO promotes the engraftment of stem cells and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the connective tissue direction, suppressing the inflammatory response and apoptosis of cells in the lesion. The article includes literature data regarding EPO and its clinical use in inflammatory–degenerative processes based on eLibrary and National Center for Biotechnology Information data from 1998 to 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23700050
A. P. Lykov, S. N. Belogorodtsev, E. K. Nemkova, A. Vetlugina, T. M. Terekhova, J. Sh. Schwartz
Abstract
Innate immune cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages, upon their first encounter with a pathogen, form long-term nonspecific immunological memory, so-called “trained immunity.” In its formation, an important role is played by metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of mevalonate pathway modulators, mevalonate and zoledronate, on the formation of trained immunity in human and animal monocytes/macrophages. Human monocyte-like cells THP-1 and U-937 and peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were used. Trained immunity was induced in vitro by incubating THP-1 and U-937 cells with inactivated mycobacteria of the bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain for 24 and 72 h and in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of BCG to BALB/c mice and isolation of peritoneal macrophages on the seventh day after infection (lag phase). Cell hyperreactivity was assessed by the response to a second stimulus with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mevalanate or zoledranate in the presence or absence of LPS. The level of lactate, cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10), nitric oxide and glucose was evaluated in conditioned media from cells. It was found that monocyte-like THP-1 and U-937 cells respond differently as concerns the production of cytokines and lactate and the consumption of glucose to the BCG stimulus with or without the lag phase. Mevalonate and zoledronate alone or in combination with LPS also differentially stimulate cytokine secretion. The presence of the lag phase for human monocyte-like cells is essential for the level of cytokine production and glucose consumption. Peritoneal macrophages have been shown to increase the release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS, mevalonate, and zoledronate. Mevalonate and zoledronate induce trained immunity in monocytes/macrophages.
{"title":"The Effect of Mevalonate, Zoledronate, and BCG Induction on the Monocyte/Macrophage Phenotype","authors":"A. P. Lykov, S. N. Belogorodtsev, E. K. Nemkova, A. Vetlugina, T. M. Terekhova, J. Sh. Schwartz","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x23700050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x23700050","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Innate immune cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages, upon their first encounter with a pathogen, form long-term nonspecific immunological memory, so-called “trained immunity.” In its formation, an important role is played by metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of mevalonate pathway modulators, mevalonate and zoledronate, on the formation of trained immunity in human and animal monocytes/macrophages. Human monocyte-like cells THP-1 and U-937 and peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were used. Trained immunity was induced <i>in vitro</i> by incubating THP-1 and U-937 cells with inactivated mycobacteria of the bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain for 24 and 72 h and <i>in vivo</i> by intraperitoneal injection of BCG to BALB/c mice and isolation of peritoneal macrophages on the seventh day after infection (lag phase). Cell hyperreactivity was assessed by the response to a second stimulus with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mevalanate or zoledranate in the presence or absence of LPS. The level of lactate, cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10), nitric oxide and glucose was evaluated in conditioned media from cells. It was found that monocyte-like THP-1 and U-937 cells respond differently as concerns the production of cytokines and lactate and the consumption of glucose to the BCG stimulus with or without the lag phase. Mevalonate and zoledronate alone or in combination with LPS also differentially stimulate cytokine secretion. The presence of the lag phase for human monocyte-like cells is essential for the level of cytokine production and glucose consumption. Peritoneal macrophages have been shown to increase the release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS, mevalonate, and zoledronate. Mevalonate and zoledronate induce trained immunity in monocytes/macrophages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23700074
N. E. Morozova, A. S. Potysyeva, A. D. Vedyaykin
Abstract
SMC (Structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes are key participants in the spatial organization of DNA in all living organisms: in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. In bacteria, there are several homologues of SMC complexes that perform seemingly unrelated functions, but function through very similar, highly conserved mechanisms. In recent years, it has been established that SMC complexes are capable of forming loops from DNA (through the so-called loop extrusion), which allows them to be considered as a separate class of DNA translocases. This paper discusses bacterial SMC complexes in comparison with their homologues such as MukBEF, MksBEF, RecN, and Wadjet, as well as with eukaryotic SMC complexes. Their properties, role and functions in the key processes of the bacterial cell are discussed.
摘要SMC（染色体结构维护）复合体是所有生物体（细菌、古生物和真核生物）中 DNA 空间组织的关键参与者。在细菌中，有几种 SMC 复合物的同源物，它们执行看似无关的功能，但通过非常相似且高度保守的机制发挥作用。近年来，人们发现 SMC 复合物能够从 DNA 上形成环（通过所谓的环挤压），这使它们可以被视为一类独立的 DNA 易位酶。本文将讨论细菌 SMC 复合物与其同源物（如 MukBEF、MksBEF、RecN 和 Wadjet）以及真核生物 SMC 复合物的比较。本文讨论了它们在细菌细胞关键过程中的特性、作用和功能。
{"title":"Organization and Role of Bacterial SMC, MukBEF, MksBEF, Wadjet, and RecN Complexes","authors":"N. E. Morozova, A. S. Potysyeva, A. D. Vedyaykin","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x23700074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x23700074","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>SMC (Structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes are key participants in the spatial organization of DNA in all living organisms: in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. In bacteria, there are several homologues of SMC complexes that perform seemingly unrelated functions, but function through very similar, highly conserved mechanisms. In recent years, it has been established that SMC complexes are capable of forming loops from DNA (through the so-called loop extrusion), which allows them to be considered as a separate class of DNA translocases. This paper discusses bacterial SMC complexes in comparison with their homologues such as MukBEF, MksBEF, RecN, and Wadjet, as well as with eukaryotic SMC complexes. Their properties, role and functions in the key processes of the bacterial cell are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x24010048
L. I. Khozhay
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the distribution of the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor in the layers of the neocortex of rats in the neonatal period after exposure to hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on the brain of newborn rats was carried out on the second neonatal day for 1 h at an oxygen content in the respiratory mixture of 7.8%. To identify the α1 subunit of GABAA receptor, immunohistochemical reaction was used. Protein content was assessed by the density of immunostaining of the reaction product in the cytoplasm and processes of neurons. We studied the somatosensory area of the neocortex at the fifth and tenth neonatal stages (P5, P10). It has been established that, in the early stages of the neonatal period, a significant population of young neurons is present in the neocortex, in the cytoplasm of which the α1 subunit, which is part of the GABAA receptor, is immunohistochemically detected. By the end of the neonatal period, in control animals, the density of staining of the immunohistochemical product of GABAA in the layers of the neocortex increases significantly. Exposure to perinatal hypoxia causes a reduction in the number of neurons containing the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor and a significant decrease in the density of immunohistochemical staining in all layers of the neocortex.
{"title":"The Influence of Perinatal Hypoxia (Asphyxia) on the Distribution of the α1 Subunit of the GABAA Receptor in the Neocortex of Newborn Rats","authors":"L. I. Khozhay","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x24010048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x24010048","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this work was to study the distribution of the α1 subunit of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor in the layers of the neocortex of rats in the neonatal period after exposure to hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on the brain of newborn rats was carried out on the second neonatal day for 1 h at an oxygen content in the respiratory mixture of 7.8%. To identify the α1 subunit of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, immunohistochemical reaction was used. Protein content was assessed by the density of immunostaining of the reaction product in the cytoplasm and processes of neurons. We studied the somatosensory area of the neocortex at the fifth and tenth neonatal stages (P5, P10). It has been established that, in the early stages of the neonatal period, a significant population of young neurons is present in the neocortex, in the cytoplasm of which the α1 subunit, which is part of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, is immunohistochemically detected. By the end of the neonatal period, in control animals, the density of staining of the immunohistochemical product of GABA<sub>A</sub> in the layers of the neocortex increases significantly. Exposure to perinatal hypoxia causes a reduction in the number of neurons containing the α1 subunit of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor and a significant decrease in the density of immunohistochemical staining in all layers of the neocortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x24010085
N. A. Shutskiy, L. N. Gorbatova, S. L. Kashutin, N. S. Kholopov, L. L. Shagrov, A. L. Zashikhin
Abstract
Research into the processes of tissue regeneration in the postcold period is currently in demand in connection with the development of the Arctic, which is characterized by extremely low temperatures. Metabolic or hormonal abnormalities based on insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which can promote cardiovascular diseases and, consequently, lead to microcirculatory disorders, are aggravating factors that increase the consequences of cold injuries. In this work, we studied the processes of degradation and synthesis of the dermal intercellular matrix, as well as the concentration of sialic acids in the blood serum after local third-degree cold injury. It was revealed that the regenerative process after local cold damage began on the third day and was characterized by increased content of dermal collagen and thickness of collagen fibers. Regeneration against the background of metabolic syndrome was accompanied by a slowdown in tissue repair processes. The recovery process was accompanied with changed content of sialic acids in the blood serum. A distinctive feature of the dynamics of this indicator was enhanced concentration of sialic acids with metabolic disorders on the seventh day and a slow slight decrease throughout the experiment, which reached control values by the 21st day.
{"title":"The Intensity of Degradation and Synthesis of the Dermal Intercellular Matrix in Rats after Local Cold Injury against the Background of Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"N. A. Shutskiy, L. N. Gorbatova, S. L. Kashutin, N. S. Kholopov, L. L. Shagrov, A. L. Zashikhin","doi":"10.1134/s1990519x24010085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1990519x24010085","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Research into the processes of tissue regeneration in the postcold period is currently in demand in connection with the development of the Arctic, which is characterized by extremely low temperatures. Metabolic or hormonal abnormalities based on insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which can promote cardiovascular diseases and, consequently, lead to microcirculatory disorders, are aggravating factors that increase the consequences of cold injuries. In this work, we studied the processes of degradation and synthesis of the dermal intercellular matrix, as well as the concentration of sialic acids in the blood serum after local third-degree cold injury. It was revealed that the regenerative process after local cold damage began on the third day and was characterized by increased content of dermal collagen and thickness of collagen fibers. Regeneration against the background of metabolic syndrome was accompanied by a slowdown in tissue repair processes. The recovery process was accompanied with changed content of sialic acids in the blood serum. A distinctive feature of the dynamics of this indicator was enhanced concentration of sialic acids with metabolic disorders on the seventh day and a slow slight decrease throughout the experiment, which reached control values by the 21st day.</p>","PeriodicalId":9705,"journal":{"name":"Cell and Tissue Biology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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