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Understanding Myelodysplasia and Inflammation Through the Lense of VEXAS Syndrome: A Review. 从 VEXAS 综合征的角度理解骨髓增生异常和炎症:综述。
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221890
Louis Wolff, Leo Caratsch, Lin-Pierre Zhao, Sabine Blum, Denis Comte

VEXAS syndrome, a monogenic X-linked disorder resulting from mutations in the UBA1 gene, has emerged as a key model for unraveling the links between systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases (SIAD) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MD). This syndrome is characterized by the presence of vacuoles, X-linked inheritance, autoinflammation, and somatic mutation patterns, highlighting a unique intersection between genetic and immunological dysregulation. Apart from VEXAS, 10% to 30% of individuals diagnosed with MDS exhibit SIAD phenotypes, a significant increase compared to the 5% incidence in the general population. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving the pro-inflammatory environment in MDS, focusing on the contribution of VEXAS syndrome to this complex interplay. We examine how UBA1 mutations disrupt cellular homeostasis, triggering inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, we explore the broader implications of these findings for the pathogenesis of MDS, proposing that the inflammatory dysregulation of VEXAS may shed light on mechanisms of disease progression and identify potential therapeutic targets in MDS. Through an integrated analysis of genetic, immunological, and clinical data, this review seeks to deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between systemic inflammation and hematological malignancies, paving the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

VEXAS 综合征是一种由 UBA1 基因突变导致的单基因 X 连锁疾病,它已成为揭示全身性炎症或自身免疫性疾病(SIAD)与骨髓增生异常综合征(MD)之间联系的关键模型。这种综合征的特点是存在空泡、X 连锁遗传、自身炎症和体细胞突变模式,凸显了遗传和免疫失调之间的独特交集。除 VEXAS 外,10% 至 30% 的确诊 MDS 患者也表现出 SIAD 表型,与普通人群中 5% 的发病率相比显著增加。在这篇综述中,我们旨在阐明驱动 MDS 中促炎环境的分子机制,重点关注 VEXAS 综合征对这一复杂相互作用的贡献。我们研究了 UBA1 突变如何破坏细胞稳态,引发炎症通路。此外,我们还探讨了这些发现对 MDS 发病机制的广泛影响,提出 VEXAS 的炎症失调可能会揭示疾病进展的机制,并确定 MDS 的潜在治疗靶点。通过对遗传学、免疫学和临床数据的综合分析,本综述旨在加深我们对全身性炎症与血液恶性肿瘤之间复杂关系的理解,为新的诊断和治疗策略铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of Insulin Signaling as a Potential Therapeutic Method in Intestinal Diseases. 胰岛素信号转导机制作为肠道疾病的一种潜在治疗方法。
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221879
Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja, Aneta Sokal-Dembowska, Katarzyna Ferenc, Rafał Filip

Gastrointestinal diseases are becoming a growing public health problem. One of them is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The incidence of IBD is increasing in developing countries and declining in developed countries, affecting people of all ages. Researchers have been exploring new treatment options including insulin signaling pathways in the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It seems that a better understanding of the mechanism of IGF-1, GLP-1 and TL1A on the gut microbiota and inflammation may provide new advances in future therapeutic strategies for patients with IBD, but also other intestinal diseases. This review aims to synthesize insights into the effects of GLP, IGF and anti-TL1A on inflammation and the gut microbiota, which may enable their future use in therapy for people with intestinal diseases.

胃肠道疾病正在成为一个日益严重的公共健康问题。其中之一就是炎症性肠病(IBD),包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)。IBD 的发病率在发展中国家呈上升趋势,在发达国家则呈下降趋势,影响着各个年龄段的人群。研究人员一直在探索新的治疗方案,包括胃肠道炎症中的胰岛素信号通路。看来,更好地了解 IGF-1、GLP-1 和 TL1A 对肠道微生物群和炎症的作用机制,可能会为未来治疗 IBD 患者以及其他肠道疾病的策略提供新的进展。本综述旨在综述 GLP、IGF 和抗 TL1A 对炎症和肠道微生物群的影响,这可能会使它们在未来用于肠道疾病患者的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
FAAH Inhibition Reverses Depressive-like Behavior and Sex-Specific Neuroinflammatory Alterations Induced by Early Life Stress. 抑制 FAAH 可逆转早期生活压力诱发的抑郁样行为和性别特异性神经炎症改变
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221881
Anna Portugalov, Irit Akirav

Early life stress (ELS) increases predisposition to major depressive disorder (MDD), with neuroinflammation playing a crucial role. This study investigated the long-term effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on ELS-induced depressive-like behavior and messenger RNA (mRNA) of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and CA1 regions. We also assessed whether these gene expression alterations were present at the onset of URB597 treatment during late adolescence. ELS induced a depressive-like phenotype in adult male and female rats, which was reversed by URB597. In the mPFC, ELS downregulated nuclear factor kappa B1 (nfκb1) in both sexes, while URB597 normalized this expression exclusively in males. In females, ELS downregulated interleukin (il) 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) but upregulated il1β and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf); URB597 normalized il6, il1β, and crf. In the CA1, ELS downregulated il1β and tnfα in males and upregulated il1β expression in females, which was reversed by URB597. Some of these effects began in late adolescence, including mPFC-nfκb1 expression in both sexes, mPFC-il6 and mPFC-il1β in females, CA1-il1β and CA1-tnfα in males, and CA1-il1β in females. These findings highlight URB597 as a therapeutic approach for reversing ELS-induced depressive-like behavior by associating with changes in the gene expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines, with notable sex differences.

早期生活压力(ELS)会增加患重度抑郁症(MDD)的易感性,而神经炎症在其中扮演着重要角色。本研究调查了脂肪酸酰胺水解酶(FAAH)抑制剂URB597对ELS诱发的抑郁样行为以及内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)和CA1区域促炎细胞因子信使RNA(mRNA)的长期影响。我们还评估了这些基因表达的改变是否在青春期后期开始接受URB597治疗时就已存在。ELS 可诱导成年雄性和雌性大鼠出现类似抑郁的表型,而 URB597 可逆转这种表型。在mPFC中,ELS下调了雌雄大鼠的核因子卡巴B1(nfκb1),而URB597只使雄性大鼠的这一表达正常化。在女性中,ELS下调白细胞介素(il)6和肿瘤坏死因子α(tnfα),但上调il1β和促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(crf);URB597使il6、il1β和crf正常化。在 CA1 中,ELS 下调了男性的 il1β 和 tnfα 表达,上调了女性的 il1β 表达,而 URB597 逆转了这种上调。其中一些影响始于青春期后期,包括男性和女性的 mPFC-nfκb1 表达、女性的 mPFC-il6 和 mPFC-il1β、男性的 CA1-il1β 和 CA1-tnfα 以及女性的 CA1-il1β。这些研究结果突出表明,URB597与神经炎症细胞因子基因表达的变化有关,是逆转ELS诱导的抑郁样行为的一种治疗方法,而且具有明显的性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Synergistic Activation of VDR-RXR Heterodimers by Vitamin D and Rexinoids in Human Kidney and Brain Cells. 维生素 D 和雷希诺类药物在人类肾脏和脑细胞中对 VDR-RXR 异二聚体的协同激活作用
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221878
Mobin Emran Doost, Jennifer Hong, Jennifer E Broatch, Michael T Applegate, Carl E Wagner, Pamela A Marshall, Peter W Jurutka

The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) with high affinity. The VDR then heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and associates with vitamin D response elements (VDREs) to regulate the transcription of target genes. Bexarotene (Bex) is an RXR ligand (rexinoid) developed to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and is a putative therapeutic for other diseases. We postulate that VDR ligands (1,25D) and RXR ligands (Bex/analogs) can "synergize" to "super-activate" the VDR-RXR heterodimer. This "cross-talk" could allow disorders treated with high-dose Bex therapy (leading to significant adverse side effects) to instead be treated using both low-dose Bex and vitamin D. Thus, we designed experiments to examine the effect of both VDR and RXR ligands, alone and in combination, to activate VDR-RXR-mediated transcription. The goal was to determine if selected RXR-specific ligands can synergize with vitamin D to amplify RXR-VDR activity. The results demonstrate a synergistic effect with both Bex and 1,25D which could be further modulated by (1) the protein levels (or polymorphic version) of VDR present in the cell, (2) the concentration of the ligands, (3) the cellular "background" (e.g., brain cells versus kidney cells), (4) the nature of the VDRE platform, or (5) the type of rexinoid (Bex analogs). Our findings suggest that diseases that respond to treatment with either vitamin D, or with rexinoids, may be amenable to enhanced therapeutic potential by employing multi-ligand dosing via combinatorial therapy.

维生素 D 的活性形式--1,25-二羟基维生素 D(1,25D)能以高亲和力与维生素 D 受体(VDR)结合。然后,VDR 与视黄醇 X 受体 (RXR) 异源二聚体,并与维生素 D 反应元件 (VDRE) 结合,从而调节靶基因的转录。贝沙罗汀(Bex)是一种 RXR 配体(rexinoid),用于治疗皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤,也可能用于治疗其他疾病。我们推测,VDR 配体(1,25D)和 RXR 配体(Bex/类似物)可以 "协同作用","超级激活 "VDR-RXR 异源二聚体。因此,我们设计了实验来研究 VDR 和 RXR 配体单独或联合激活 VDR-RXR 介导的转录的效果。目的是确定所选的 RXR 特异性配体是否能与维生素 D 协同放大 RXR-VDR 活性。研究结果表明,Bex 和 1,25D 可产生协同效应,这种效应可通过以下因素进一步调节:(1) 细胞中存在的 VDR 蛋白水平(或多态性版本);(2) 配体的浓度;(3) 细胞 "背景"(如脑细胞与肾细胞);(4) VDRE 平台的性质;或 (5) 拟肾上腺素(Bex 类似物)的类型。我们的研究结果表明,对维生素 D 或拟雷公藤类药物治疗有反应的疾病,可以通过组合疗法采用多配体剂量来提高治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Circulating Micro-RNAs Predict the Risk of Recurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. 循环微RNA预测三阴性乳腺癌复发风险
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221884
Jouni Kujala, Maria Tengström, Sami Heikkinen, Mari Taipale, Veli-Matti Kosma, Jaana M Hartikainen, Arto Mannermaa

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high tendency for developing a recurrent disease. Circulating micro-RNAs (cmiRNAs) obtained through liquid biopsy are potential prognostic biomarkers for the assessment of TNBC recurrence risk. In this study, we sequenced cmiRNAs from the serum samples of 14 recurrent and 19 non-recurrent TNBC cases and compared expression profiles in relation to recurrence status, survival data and miRNA expression in matched tumor samples. Differential expression analysis between recurrent and non-recurrent cases identified ten differentially expressed (DE) cmiRNAs, of which cmiRNAs miR-21-5p (p = 0.030, HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.06-3.30), miR-16-5p (p = 0.032, HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.95), and miR-26b-5p (p = 0.023, HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.91) were associated with recurrence-free survival in multivariable survival analysis. Expression profiles of matched tumor and serum samples were shown to correlate with each other. DE cmiRNAs were associated with common cancer-related signaling pathways and improved the overall predictive performance of the logistic regression model assessing the recurrence risk. Our results indicate that recurrent and non-recurrent TNBC differ in their cmiRNA expression profiles, and that three specific cmiRNAs can be used to assess the risk of recurrence in TNBC.

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)是乳腺癌的一种侵袭性亚型,极易复发。通过液体活检获得的循环微RNA(cmiRNA)是评估TNBC复发风险的潜在预后生物标志物。在这项研究中,我们对14例复发和19例非复发TNBC病例的血清样本中的cmiRNA进行了测序,并比较了复发状态、生存数据和匹配肿瘤样本中miRNA表达的相关表达谱。30)、miR-16-5p(p = 0.032,HR = 0.53,95% CI 0.30-0.95)和 miR-26b-5p(p = 0.023,HR = 0.52,95% CI 0.29-0.91)在多变量生存分析中与无复发生存率相关。匹配的肿瘤样本和血清样本的表达谱显示彼此相关。DE cmiRNA与常见的癌症相关信号通路有关,提高了评估复发风险的逻辑回归模型的整体预测性能。我们的研究结果表明,复发和非复发 TNBC 的 cmiRNA 表达谱不同,三种特定的 cmiRNA 可用于评估 TNBC 的复发风险。
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引用次数: 0
Structure-Function Relationship of the Ryanodine Receptor Cluster Network in Sinoatrial Node Cells. 中房结细胞中瑞诺丁受体簇网络的结构与功能关系
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221885
Alexander V Maltsev, Valeria Ventura Subirachs, Oliver Monfredi, Magdalena Juhaszova, Pooja Ajay Warrier, Shardul Rakshit, Syevda Tagirova, Anna V Maltsev, Michael D Stern, Edward G Lakatta, Victor A Maltsev

The rate of spontaneous action potentials (APs) generated by sinoatrial node cells (SANC) is regulated by local Ca2+ release (LCR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors, RyRs). LCR events propagate and self-organize within the network of RyR clusters (Ca release units, CRUs) via Ca-induced-Ca-release (CICR) that depends on CRU sizes and locations: While larger CRUs generate stronger release signals, the network's topology governs signal diffusion and propagation. This study used super-resolution structured illumination microscopy to image the 3D network of CRUs in rabbit SANC. The peripheral CRUs formed a spatial mesh, reflecting the cell surface geometry. Two distinct subpopulations of CRUs were identified within each cell, with size distributions conforming to a two-component Gamma mixture model. Furthermore, neighboring CRUs exhibited repulsive behavior. Functional properties of the CRU network were further examined in a novel numerical SANC model developed using our experimental data. Model simulations revealed that heterogeneities in both CRU sizes and locations facilitate CICR and increase the AP firing rate in a cooperative manner. However, these heterogeneities reduce the effect of β-adrenergic stimulation in terms of its relative change in AP firing rate. The presence of heterogeneities in both sizes and locations allows SANC to reach higher absolute AP firing rates during β-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, the CICR facilitation by heterogeneities in CRU sizes and locations regulates and optimizes cardiac pacemaker cell operation under various physiological conditions. Dysfunction of this optimization could be a key factor in heart rate reserve decline in aging and disease.

中房结细胞(SANC)产生的自发动作电位(AP)的速率受肌浆网通过 Ca2+ 释放通道(雷诺丁受体,RyRs)进行的局部 Ca2+ 释放(LCR)的调节。LCR 事件通过 Ca 诱导的 Ca 释放(CICR)在 RyR 簇(Ca 释放单元,CRU)网络内传播和自组织,这取决于 CRU 的大小和位置:较大的 CRU 会产生较强的释放信号,而网络的拓扑结构则决定着信号的扩散和传播。本研究利用超分辨率结构照明显微镜对兔 SANC 中的 CRU 三维网络进行成像。外围的 CRU 形成了一个空间网状结构,反映了细胞表面的几何形状。在每个细胞内发现了两个不同的CRU亚群,其大小分布符合双组分伽马混合物模型。此外,相邻的 CRU 表现出排斥行为。利用我们的实验数据开发的新型 SANC 数值模型进一步检验了 CRU 网络的功能特性。模型模拟显示,CRU 大小和位置的异质性促进了 CICR,并以合作的方式提高了 AP 发射率。然而,这些异质性降低了β肾上腺素能刺激对 AP 发射率相对变化的影响。由于存在大小和位置上的异质性,SANC 在接受肾上腺素能刺激时能达到更高的绝对 AP 发射率。因此,CRU 大小和位置的异质性对 CICR 的促进作用调节并优化了心脏起搏器细胞在各种生理条件下的运行。这种优化功能的失调可能是衰老和疾病导致心率储备下降的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and Characterization of Fully Human FOLR1-Targeting CAR T Cells for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. 用于治疗卵巢癌的全人 FOLR1 靶向 CAR T 细胞的鉴定与表征。
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221880
Maria Bethke, Pierre Abramowski, Miriam Droste, André Felsberger, Lisa Kochsiek, Bettina Kotter, Luisa Plettig, Kateryna Antonova, Salpy Baghdo, Nico Burzan, Florian Tomszak, Manuel Martinez-Osuna, Dominik Eckardt, Christoph Herbel

CAR T cell therapy has been an effective treatment option for hematological malignancies. However, the therapeutic potential of CAR T cells can be reduced by several constraints, partly due to immunogenicity and toxicities. The lack of established workflows enabling thorough evaluation of new candidates, limits comprehensive CAR assessment. To improve the selection of lead CAR candidates, we established a stringent, multistep workflow based on specificity assessments, employing multiple assays and technologies. Moreover, we characterized a human FOLR1-directed CAR binding domain. Selection of binding domains was based on extensive specificity assessment by flow cytometry and imaging, to determine on-/off-target and off-tumor reactivity. CAR T cell functionality and specificity were assessed by high-throughput screening and advanced in vitro assays. Our validation strategy highlights that assays comprehensively characterizing CAR functionality and binding specificity complement each other. Thereby, critical specificity considerations can be addressed early in the development process to overcome current limitations for future CAR T cell therapies.

CAR T 细胞疗法一直是治疗血液恶性肿瘤的有效方法。然而,CAR T 细胞的治疗潜力可能会受到一些限制,部分原因是免疫原性和毒性。由于缺乏可对新候选者进行全面评估的既定工作流程,限制了对 CAR 的全面评估。为了改进先导 CAR 候选者的筛选,我们建立了一套基于特异性评估的多步骤严格工作流程,并采用了多种检测方法和技术。此外,我们还鉴定了人类 FOLR1 引导的 CAR 结合域。结合域的选择基于流式细胞术和成像的广泛特异性评估,以确定靶上/靶下和肿瘤外反应性。CAR T 细胞的功能性和特异性通过高通量筛选和先进的体外试验进行评估。我们的验证策略强调,全面鉴定 CAR 功能和结合特异性的检测方法是相辅相成的。因此,可以在开发过程的早期解决关键的特异性问题,以克服未来 CAR T 细胞疗法目前存在的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Loss of Dnah5 Downregulates Dync1h1 Expression, Causing Cortical Development Disorders and Congenital Hydrocephalus. Dnah5缺失会下调Dync1h1的表达,导致皮质发育障碍和先天性脑积水。
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221882
Koichiro Sakamoto, Masakazu Miyajima, Madoka Nakajima, Ikuko Ogino, Kou Horikoshi, Ryo Miyahara, Kaito Kawamura, Kostadin Karagiozov, Chihiro Kamohara, Eri Nakamura, Nobuhiro Tada, Akihide Kondo

Dnah5 is associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans. Dnah5-knockout (Dnah5-/- mice develop acute hydrocephalus shortly after birth owing to impaired ciliary motility and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) stagnation. In contrast to chronic adult-onset hydrocephalus observed in other models, this rapid ventricular enlargement indicates additional factors beyond CSF stagnation. Herein, we investigated the contributors to rapid ventricular enlargement in congenital hydrocephalus. Dnah5-/- mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. The expression of dynein, N-cadherin, and nestin in the cerebral cortex was assessed using microarrays and immunostaining. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed for gene and protein quantification, respectively. All Dnah5-/- mice developed hydrocephalus, confirmed by electron microscopy, indicating the absence of axonemal outer dynein arms. Ventricular enlargement occurred rapidly, with a 25% reduction in the number of mature neurons in the motor cortex. Dync1h1 expression was decreased, while cytoplasmic dynein levels were 56.3% lower. Levels of nestin and N-cadherin in the lateral ventricular walls decreased by 31.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Reduced cytoplasmic dynein disrupts neurogenesis and axonal growth and reduces neuron cortical density. Hydrocephalus in Dnah5-/- mice may result from cortical maldevelopment due to cytoplasmic dynein deficiency, further exacerbating ventricular enlargement due to CSF stagnation caused by impaired motile ciliary function.

Dnah5 与人类原发性睫状肌运动障碍有关。由于睫状肌运动受损和脑脊液(CSF)淤滞,Dnah5-基因敲除(Dnah5-/-)小鼠出生后不久就会出现急性脑积水。与在其他模型中观察到的慢性成人型脑积水不同,这种快速的脑室扩大表明除了 CSF 停滞之外还有其他因素。在此,我们研究了导致先天性脑积水脑室快速扩大的因素。我们利用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术生成了 Dnah5-/- 小鼠。使用芯片和免疫染色法评估了大脑皮层中dynein、N-cadherin和nestin的表达。实时 PCR 和 Western 印迹技术分别用于基因和蛋白质的定量分析。所有 Dnah5-/- 小鼠都出现了脑积水,电镜检查证实了这一点,表明轴突外侧缺乏动力蛋白臂。脑室迅速扩大,运动皮层的成熟神经元数量减少了25%。Dync1h1表达量减少,而细胞质动力蛋白水平降低了56.3%。侧脑室壁中的nestin和N-cadherin水平分别下降了31.7%和33.3%。细胞质动力蛋白的减少会破坏神经发生和轴突生长,并降低神经元皮质密度。Dnah5-/-小鼠的脑积水可能是由于细胞质动力蛋白缺乏导致的大脑皮层发育不良造成的,而纤毛运动功能受损导致的CSF停滞又进一步加剧了脑室的扩大。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Immune-Mediated, p27-Associated, Growth Inhibition of Glioblastoma by Class-II-Transactivator (CIITA). 第二类转活体(CIITA)对胶质母细胞瘤的非免疫介导、与 p27 相关的生长抑制作用。
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221883
A Katherine Tan, Aurelie Henry, Nicolas Goffart, Christophe Poulet, Jacqueline A Sluijs, Elly M Hol, Vincent Bours, Pierre A Robe

Background: Previous works have shown that the expression of Class-II-Transactivator (CIITA) in tumor cells reduces the growth of glioblastoma (GB) in animal models, but immune effects cannot solely explain this. Here, we searched for immune-independent effects of CIITA on the proliferation of GB.

Methods: Murine GL261 and human U87, GM2 and GM3 malignant glioma cells were transfected with CIITA. NSG (immunodeficient) and nude (athymic) mice were injected in the striatum with GL261-wildtype (-WT) and -CIITA, and tumor growth was assessed by immunohistology and luminescence reporter genes. Clonogenic, sphere-formation, and 3D Matrigel-based in vitro growth assays were performed to compare the growth of WT versus CIITA-expressing murine and human cells. Bulk RNA sequencing and RT2 qRT-PCR profiler arrays were performed on these four cell lines to assess RNA expression changes following CIITA transfection. Western blot analysis on several proliferation-associated proteins was performed.

Results: The intracerebral growth of murine GL261-CIITA cells was drastically reduced both in immunodeficient and athymic mice. Tumor growth was reduced in vitro in three of the four cell types. RNA sequencing and RT2 profiler array experiments revealed a modulation of gene expression in the PI3-Akt, MAPK- and cell-cycle regulation pathways following CIITA overexpression. Western blot analysis showed an upregulation of p27 in the growth-inhibited cells following this treatment. PDGFR-beta was downregulated in all cells. We did not find consistent regulation of other proteins involved in GB proliferation.

Conclusions: Proliferation is drastically reduced by CIITA in GB, both in vivo and in vitro, notably in association with p27-mediated inhibition of cell-cycle pathways.

背景:以前的研究表明,在动物模型中,肿瘤细胞中表达II类激活剂(CIITA)可降低胶质母细胞瘤(GB)的生长,但免疫效应不能完全解释这一点。在此,我们研究了 CIITA 对 GB 增殖的免疫依赖性影响:方法:用 CIITA 转染小鼠 GL261 和人类 U87、GM2 和 GM3 恶性胶质瘤细胞。给 NSG(免疫缺陷)和裸鼠(无胸腺)纹状体注射 GL261-野生型(-WT)和-CIITA,通过免疫组织学和发光报告基因评估肿瘤生长情况。为了比较 WT 和 CIITA 表达的鼠和人细胞的生长情况,进行了克隆生成、球形和三维 Matrigel 体外生长试验。对这四种细胞系进行了大量 RNA 测序和 RT2 qRT-PCR 图谱阵列分析,以评估 CIITA 转染后 RNA 表达的变化。对几种增殖相关蛋白进行了 Western 印迹分析:结果:小鼠 GL261-CIITA 细胞在免疫缺陷小鼠和无胸腺小鼠中的脑内生长都急剧下降。在四种细胞类型中,有三种细胞的体外肿瘤生长都有所降低。RNA测序和RT2分析仪阵列实验显示,CIITA过表达后,PI3-Akt、MAPK和细胞周期调控通路中的基因表达发生了改变。Western 印迹分析显示,经此处理后,抑制生长的细胞中 p27 上调。所有细胞中的 PDGFR-beta 均下调。我们没有发现与 GB 增殖有关的其他蛋白受到一致的调控:结论:无论在体内还是体外,CIITA 都能显著降低 GB 的增殖,尤其是与 p27 介导的细胞周期通路抑制有关。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Xanthohumol and Thymol on Candida albicans Filamentation and Its Impact on the Structure, Size, and Cell Viability of Biofilms Developed over Implant Surfaces. 黄腐醇和百里酚对白色念珠菌丝状化的影响及其对种植体表面形成的生物膜的结构、大小和细胞活力的影响
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221877
Enrique Bravo, Marion Arce, David Herrera, Mariano Sanz

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of xanthohumol and thymol on the impact of Candida albicans on the structure, size and cell viability of subgingival biofilms formed on dental implant surfaces. The structure and microbial biomass of biofilms developed after 72 h, treated and untreated with both extracts, were compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the number of viable and total microorganisms of each of the biofilm-forming strains in each condition. A general linear model was used to compare and validate the CLSM and qPCR results. The presence of xanthohumol and thymol during biofilm development inhibited the filamentous growth of C. albicans. The biofilm incubated with xanthohumol had significantly lower bacterial biomass and cell viability than the biofilm not exposed to the extract (p < 0.05). In contrast, these global parameters showed no differences when the biofilm was incubated with thymol. In the presence of xanthohumol, there was a decrease in counts and cell viability of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Thymol treatment reduced the viability of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. The presence of these vegetable extracts during the development of a dynamic in vitro multispecies biofilm model inhibited the filamentous growth of C. albicans, partially reversing the effect that the fungus exerted on the structure, size and vitality of periodontopathogenic bacteria.

这项体外研究旨在评估黄腐醇和百里酚对白色念珠菌在牙科种植体表面形成的龈下生物膜的结构、大小和细胞活力的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)比较了用两种提取物处理和未处理 72 小时后形成的生物膜的结构和微生物生物量。定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)用于量化每种条件下生物膜形成菌株的存活数量和微生物总数。采用一般线性模型对 CLSM 和 qPCR 结果进行比较和验证。在生物膜形成过程中,黄腐醇和百里酚的存在抑制了白僵菌的丝状生长。用黄腐醇培养的生物膜的细菌生物量和细胞活力明显低于未接触提取物的生物膜(p < 0.05)。与此相反,当生物膜与百里酚一起培养时,这些总体参数没有差异。在有黄腐醇存在的情况下,核酸镰刀菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和放线菌的数量和细胞活力都有所下降。百里酚处理可降低核酸镰刀菌和牙龈卟啉菌的活力。在动态体外多菌种生物膜模型的发展过程中,这些蔬菜提取物的存在抑制了白癣菌的丝状生长,部分逆转了真菌对牙周致病菌的结构、大小和活力的影响。
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