Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000400586
Jie Zhou, Wenfeng Li, W. Xiao, Yang Chen, Xinxia Chang
{"title":"Calibration and validation of APSIM for maize grown in different seasons in Southwest tropic of China","authors":"Jie Zhou, Wenfeng Li, W. Xiao, Yang Chen, Xinxia Chang","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000400586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000400586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000400619
G. Ser
Germination tests are carried out for a wide variety of purposes in weed control. The variability in seed germination counts raises the overdispersion problem. The objective of this study is to compare different approaches used in solving overdispersion and to offer practical solutions to researchers. The data sets were created from seed germination counts, which examined the allelopathic effect of white cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) on the germination of some culture and weed seeds. Methanol and aqueous concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%) of dry and fresh white cabbage were used. Assuming the Poisson distribution in the generalized linear mixed model, overdispersion problem was determined in redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), lamb’s quarters ( Chenopodium album L.) and sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Equidispersion was determined in corn ( Zea mays L.) and it was perfectly adapted to the Poisson distribution. In order to overcome the overdispersion problem, generalized Poisson distribution outperformed negative binomial distribution. The increase concentration in the generalized Poisson in weeds, fresh cabbage methanol and aqueous applications were very effective reducing germination (p < 0.05). The best results in weed seeds were obtained at 50%. Unlike weeds, 30% concentration of dry cabbage methanol and aqueous were considered as the upper limit in order not to adversely affect germination in Z. mays and B. vulgaris. Consequently, in germination tests, the problem of overdispersion is inevitable as a result of excessive variability. For germination count data, generalized Poisson distribution is viable option and powerful alternative to accurately describe mean-variance relationship
{"title":"Extreme variability modelling of overdispersed germination count experiments","authors":"G. Ser","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000400619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000400619","url":null,"abstract":"Germination tests are carried out for a wide variety of purposes in weed control. The variability in seed germination counts raises the overdispersion problem. The objective of this study is to compare different approaches used in solving overdispersion and to offer practical solutions to researchers. The data sets were created from seed germination counts, which examined the allelopathic effect of white cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) on the germination of some culture and weed seeds. Methanol and aqueous concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%) of dry and fresh white cabbage were used. Assuming the Poisson distribution in the generalized linear mixed model, overdispersion problem was determined in redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), lamb’s quarters ( Chenopodium album L.) and sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Equidispersion was determined in corn ( Zea mays L.) and it was perfectly adapted to the Poisson distribution. In order to overcome the overdispersion problem, generalized Poisson distribution outperformed negative binomial distribution. The increase concentration in the generalized Poisson in weeds, fresh cabbage methanol and aqueous applications were very effective reducing germination (p < 0.05). The best results in weed seeds were obtained at 50%. Unlike weeds, 30% concentration of dry cabbage methanol and aqueous were considered as the upper limit in order not to adversely affect germination in Z. mays and B. vulgaris. Consequently, in germination tests, the problem of overdispersion is inevitable as a result of excessive variability. For germination count data, generalized Poisson distribution is viable option and powerful alternative to accurately describe mean-variance relationship","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47769371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000400537
M. Flores, A. Amorós, V. Escalona
{"title":"Effect of NaCl and harvest time on antioxidant compounds and morphological cell changes in Lollo Bionda and Lollo Rosso lettuces","authors":"M. Flores, A. Amorós, V. Escalona","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000400537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000400537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43977996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000400595
C. Muñoz, Soledad Salfate, E. Ungerfeld, N. Urrutia, Isadora Muñoz
Metabolizable energy (ME) is the most limiting nutrient for milk production in pastoral systems. In Chile, using four wethers and grass cut on six measurement dates, Garrido and Mann (1981) developed an equation to predict grass ME concentration based on content of in vitro digestible organic matter in DM. The application of the Garrido and Mann (1981) equation has been generalized in Chile for all feed ingredients, diets and ruminant species. We hypothesized that ME prediction from this equation has limitations for its use in lactating grass-fed dairy cows. The objective of this study was to validate the ME prediction equation by Garrido and Mann (1981) for lactating grass-fed dairy cows in the autumn and spring seasons. The study was conducted at INIA Remehue (Osorno, Chile) using two sets of eight Holstein Friesian cows, with each group used twice in 21-d experimental periods in autumn and spring, respectively. Fresh grass-only diets with a predominance of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) were supplied through soiling. In the last 5 d of each period, grass ME concentration was measured by subtracting energy lost in feces, urine and methane from ingested gross energy. A weak linear relationship was obtained between the ME determined in trials and ME predicted from the Garrido and Mann (1981) equation (R 2 = 0.266; P = 0.003). The ME prediction equation currently in use is inadequate for lactating grass-fed dairy cows. Therefore, new and improved equations for estimating grass ME specific to dairy cows are needed.
{"title":"Validation of grass metabolizable energy prediction equation by Garrido and Mann (1981) for dairy cows in southern Chile","authors":"C. Muñoz, Soledad Salfate, E. Ungerfeld, N. Urrutia, Isadora Muñoz","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000400595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000400595","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolizable energy (ME) is the most limiting nutrient for milk production in pastoral systems. In Chile, using four wethers and grass cut on six measurement dates, Garrido and Mann (1981) developed an equation to predict grass ME concentration based on content of in vitro digestible organic matter in DM. The application of the Garrido and Mann (1981) equation has been generalized in Chile for all feed ingredients, diets and ruminant species. We hypothesized that ME prediction from this equation has limitations for its use in lactating grass-fed dairy cows. The objective of this study was to validate the ME prediction equation by Garrido and Mann (1981) for lactating grass-fed dairy cows in the autumn and spring seasons. The study was conducted at INIA Remehue (Osorno, Chile) using two sets of eight Holstein Friesian cows, with each group used twice in 21-d experimental periods in autumn and spring, respectively. Fresh grass-only diets with a predominance of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) were supplied through soiling. In the last 5 d of each period, grass ME concentration was measured by subtracting energy lost in feces, urine and methane from ingested gross energy. A weak linear relationship was obtained between the ME determined in trials and ME predicted from the Garrido and Mann (1981) equation (R 2 = 0.266; P = 0.003). The ME prediction equation currently in use is inadequate for lactating grass-fed dairy cows. Therefore, new and improved equations for estimating grass ME specific to dairy cows are needed.","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43786511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000300380
N. Azizah, E. Nihayati, H. Khotimah, Sayyidana Rohmah, E. Widaryanto, Y. Sugito, S. Kurniawan
Red ginger ( Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) is one of the materials used in the functional food and biopharmaceutical industry; it has a low productivity and quality problem and is unable to meet market demand. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of K fertilization on growth, yield, antioxidant content, and K use and response efficiency in red ginger cultivation. The study was conducted at Agro Techno Park (ATP) Jatikerto, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The field experiment was carried out in two periods, December 2019-August 2020 and January 2021-September 2021. In the first planting season, treatments included 4 K fertilizer rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 kg K ha -1 ), while eight treatments were applied in the second planting season (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 420 kg K ha -1 ). Measured variables included growth, yield, rhizome quality, and K use and response efficiency. Red ginger growth variables (height, leaf number, and tiller number per clump), yield, plant biomass, K uptake, and soil exchangeable K were strongly affected by K application rates, and the highest effect occurred at 300 kg K ha -1 . In addition, the 300 kg K ha -1 rate resulted in the best rhizome morphology quality (rhizome diameter) and antioxidant content (6% to 30% higher than other treatments). Increased K fertilization decreased K use and response efficiency from 43% to 99% and decreased antioxidant content. Therefore, the study suggests that applying K fertilization at approximately 200-300 kg ha -1 improves the yield and quality of red ginger.
{"title":"Impact of potassium fertilization on yield, nutrient use and response efficiency, and antioxidant content of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade)","authors":"N. Azizah, E. Nihayati, H. Khotimah, Sayyidana Rohmah, E. Widaryanto, Y. Sugito, S. Kurniawan","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000300380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000300380","url":null,"abstract":"Red ginger ( Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) is one of the materials used in the functional food and biopharmaceutical industry; it has a low productivity and quality problem and is unable to meet market demand. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of K fertilization on growth, yield, antioxidant content, and K use and response efficiency in red ginger cultivation. The study was conducted at Agro Techno Park (ATP) Jatikerto, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The field experiment was carried out in two periods, December 2019-August 2020 and January 2021-September 2021. In the first planting season, treatments included 4 K fertilizer rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 kg K ha -1 ), while eight treatments were applied in the second planting season (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 420 kg K ha -1 ). Measured variables included growth, yield, rhizome quality, and K use and response efficiency. Red ginger growth variables (height, leaf number, and tiller number per clump), yield, plant biomass, K uptake, and soil exchangeable K were strongly affected by K application rates, and the highest effect occurred at 300 kg K ha -1 . In addition, the 300 kg K ha -1 rate resulted in the best rhizome morphology quality (rhizome diameter) and antioxidant content (6% to 30% higher than other treatments). Increased K fertilization decreased K use and response efficiency from 43% to 99% and decreased antioxidant content. Therefore, the study suggests that applying K fertilization at approximately 200-300 kg ha -1 improves the yield and quality of red ginger.","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000300371
Antônio Carlos Ribeiro Lima, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Fábio Andrade Teixeira, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Silvia Layse Mendes Machado, Mateus de Melo Lisboa, M. S. Silva Pereira, Venício Macedo Carvalho, Marceliana da Conceição Santos, Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
The use of agroindustrial byproducts in cattle diets, such as castor-bean ( Ricinus communis L.) meal, is a more sustainable practice because it does not compete with human food and reduces the volume of organic waste deposited in the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of replacing soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) meal with castor-bean meal on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior and performance of crossbred steers supplemented while on Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster ‘Marandu’ pasture. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design with 40 animals, which started the experiment weighing 227.1 kg, at 10 mo of age, and were divided into four treatment groups. Castor-bean meal was added to replace soybean meal at the levels of 0, 90, 180, and 280 g kg -1 in the supplement, which was supplied at the rate of 0.4% of body weight. Total DM, pasture DM and neutral detergent fiber intakes did not change (P > 0.05) with the castor-bean levels added to the supplement. Ether extract intake and digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.05). The animals showed no differences (P > 0.05) in production performance (average daily gain), which averaged 0.65 kg d -1 . Grazing, idle, and rumination times were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the treatments. Castor-bean meal can be included up to 280 g kg -1 in the total diet without changing the performance of crossbred steers finished on tropical pasture.
在牛的饮食中使用农业工业副产品，如蓖麻粉，是一种更可持续的做法，因为它不会与人类食物竞争，并减少了沉积在环境中的有机废物的数量。本研究的目的是检验替代大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merr.）的效果蓖麻豆粕对杂交牛在乌罗奇洛阿（Hochst.ex A.Rich.）R.D.Webster‘Marandu’牧场补充的采食量、消化率、饲养行为和性能的影响。实验采用随机完全设计，共有40只动物，在10个月大时开始实验，体重227.1公斤，分为四个治疗组。以0、90、180和280 g kg-1的水平添加蓖麻豆粕代替豆粕，补充量为体重的0.4%。总DM、牧场DM和中性洗涤纤维摄入量随添加蓖麻豆水平的增加而无变化（P>0.05）。乙醚提取物摄入量和消化率呈线性下降（P＜0.05），动物生产性能（平均日增重）无差异（P＞0.05），平均日增重0.65kg。放牧、闲置和反刍时间不受处理的影响（P>0.05）。在不改变在热带牧场上完成的杂交牛的性能的情况下，总日粮中可包含高达280 g kg-1的蓖麻豆粕。
{"title":"Detoxified castor-bean meal replaces soybean meal in the diet of pasture-finished steers","authors":"Antônio Carlos Ribeiro Lima, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Fábio Andrade Teixeira, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Silvia Layse Mendes Machado, Mateus de Melo Lisboa, M. S. Silva Pereira, Venício Macedo Carvalho, Marceliana da Conceição Santos, Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000300371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000300371","url":null,"abstract":"The use of agroindustrial byproducts in cattle diets, such as castor-bean ( Ricinus communis L.) meal, is a more sustainable practice because it does not compete with human food and reduces the volume of organic waste deposited in the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of replacing soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) meal with castor-bean meal on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior and performance of crossbred steers supplemented while on Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster ‘Marandu’ pasture. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design with 40 animals, which started the experiment weighing 227.1 kg, at 10 mo of age, and were divided into four treatment groups. Castor-bean meal was added to replace soybean meal at the levels of 0, 90, 180, and 280 g kg -1 in the supplement, which was supplied at the rate of 0.4% of body weight. Total DM, pasture DM and neutral detergent fiber intakes did not change (P > 0.05) with the castor-bean levels added to the supplement. Ether extract intake and digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.05). The animals showed no differences (P > 0.05) in production performance (average daily gain), which averaged 0.65 kg d -1 . Grazing, idle, and rumination times were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the treatments. Castor-bean meal can be included up to 280 g kg -1 in the total diet without changing the performance of crossbred steers finished on tropical pasture.","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43972025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000300390
Ana Eugenia Rangel-Castillo, G. Iturriaga, J. Ramírez-Pimentel, Adriana Ángeles-Santos, J. M. García-Andrade, J. Covarrubias-Prieto, C. Aguirre-Mancilla
Physical mutagenesis with 60 Co is a technique used in plant breeding to induce desired phenotypic characteristics. This research objective was to evaluate physical and physiological quality and protein content of jalapeño pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seeds from plants that were selected as tolerant to water stress, these plants were derived from seeds irradiated with 60 Co at 100 Gy dose (T1P2 and T1P5 both from tolerant plants to water stress). Control seeds were significantly superior to the mutants in the variable standard germination (90.66%), standard germination with accelerated aging (57.3%), normal seedlings (95.6%), 1000 seeds weight (6.349 g), hectoliter weight (51.97 kg hL -1 ) and radicle dry weight (18 mg). Mutant seeds were significantly superior to control seeds in seed length and width (4.356 mm in T1P2 and 4.256 mm in T1P5 for length; 3.544 mm in T1P2 and 3.632 mm in T1P5 for width). In seed thickness tests, germinated seeds aerial part fresh and dry weight, radicle fresh weight, the two mutants seed types and the control were significantly equal. In seed storage proteins content, T1P2 treatment had a higher globulins concentration. In the prolamin fraction, the two mutant seed types were superior to control. T1P5 treatment seeds had the highest glutelins concentration. Mutant seeds showed different characteristics as compared to control in physical, physiological and plantlet parts weight components.
{"title":"Effect of the physical mutagenesis with 60Co on jalapeño pepper seed quality","authors":"Ana Eugenia Rangel-Castillo, G. Iturriaga, J. Ramírez-Pimentel, Adriana Ángeles-Santos, J. M. García-Andrade, J. Covarrubias-Prieto, C. Aguirre-Mancilla","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000300390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000300390","url":null,"abstract":"Physical mutagenesis with 60 Co is a technique used in plant breeding to induce desired phenotypic characteristics. This research objective was to evaluate physical and physiological quality and protein content of jalapeño pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seeds from plants that were selected as tolerant to water stress, these plants were derived from seeds irradiated with 60 Co at 100 Gy dose (T1P2 and T1P5 both from tolerant plants to water stress). Control seeds were significantly superior to the mutants in the variable standard germination (90.66%), standard germination with accelerated aging (57.3%), normal seedlings (95.6%), 1000 seeds weight (6.349 g), hectoliter weight (51.97 kg hL -1 ) and radicle dry weight (18 mg). Mutant seeds were significantly superior to control seeds in seed length and width (4.356 mm in T1P2 and 4.256 mm in T1P5 for length; 3.544 mm in T1P2 and 3.632 mm in T1P5 for width). In seed thickness tests, germinated seeds aerial part fresh and dry weight, radicle fresh weight, the two mutants seed types and the control were significantly equal. In seed storage proteins content, T1P2 treatment had a higher globulins concentration. In the prolamin fraction, the two mutant seed types were superior to control. T1P5 treatment seeds had the highest glutelins concentration. Mutant seeds showed different characteristics as compared to control in physical, physiological and plantlet parts weight components.","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000300437
R. Ceballos, A. Contreras, T. Fujii, S. Nojima, E. Fuentes‐Contreras, Diego Arraztio, Álvaro Garrido, T. Curkovic
The European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller), is a severe pest of grapes, since detected in Chile in 2008 has been subjected to an official control program by the Chilean Department of Agriculture, mainly in vineyards and orchards. Lobesia botrana has also been found in urban areas, mostly on backyard grapes, those have become important refuges for large L. botrana populations and significant sources for both dispersal and re-infestation to agricultural settings, thus the need for control. Chemical sprays are not allowed for intensive pest management in residential areas; therefore, the mating disruption technique has been the main tool to control L. botrana in cities. However, it is not always feasible to evenly deploy the required amount of dispenser ha -1 in urban areas using conventional formulations. A new meso-dispenser (MeD), loaded with 10x the regular amount of pheromone of standard dispensers, and recommended at 50 units ha -1 , was evaluated in three consecutive seasons (2013-2016), in four cities in central Chile. This new dispenser yielded significantly lower male captures in traps in comparison with untreated areas. Cumulative male captures per individual flights per season, ranged between 292-2043 trap -1 (MeD) and 15 795-28 403 trap -1 (untreated), and significantly declined in the second and third seasons of MeD usage. Disruption index ranged between 68.9% and 98.9% considering flights individually, and above 88.0% considering whole seasons. The presence of eggs, larvae, and pupae infesting clusters, also significantly declined with the number of seasons treated with MeD.
{"title":"Successful controlling of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using meso-dispensers for mating disruption in urban areas","authors":"R. Ceballos, A. Contreras, T. Fujii, S. Nojima, E. Fuentes‐Contreras, Diego Arraztio, Álvaro Garrido, T. Curkovic","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000300437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000300437","url":null,"abstract":"The European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller), is a severe pest of grapes, since detected in Chile in 2008 has been subjected to an official control program by the Chilean Department of Agriculture, mainly in vineyards and orchards. Lobesia botrana has also been found in urban areas, mostly on backyard grapes, those have become important refuges for large L. botrana populations and significant sources for both dispersal and re-infestation to agricultural settings, thus the need for control. Chemical sprays are not allowed for intensive pest management in residential areas; therefore, the mating disruption technique has been the main tool to control L. botrana in cities. However, it is not always feasible to evenly deploy the required amount of dispenser ha -1 in urban areas using conventional formulations. A new meso-dispenser (MeD), loaded with 10x the regular amount of pheromone of standard dispensers, and recommended at 50 units ha -1 , was evaluated in three consecutive seasons (2013-2016), in four cities in central Chile. This new dispenser yielded significantly lower male captures in traps in comparison with untreated areas. Cumulative male captures per individual flights per season, ranged between 292-2043 trap -1 (MeD) and 15 795-28 403 trap -1 (untreated), and significantly declined in the second and third seasons of MeD usage. Disruption index ranged between 68.9% and 98.9% considering flights individually, and above 88.0% considering whole seasons. The presence of eggs, larvae, and pupae infesting clusters, also significantly declined with the number of seasons treated with MeD.","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46535948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000300457
B. Carrasco, César Ramírez, M. Gebauer, L. Meisel, R. Hasbún, H. Silva
To know the relationships between phenotypic and genetic variables in a germplasm collection of fruit crops is useful a pre-breeding and cultivar distinctness. A core collection of 23 peaches/nectarines ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), and 16 Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl. var. salicina ) cultivars were evaluated for 33 and 29 characteristics (botanical/ productive) respectively during two growing seasons. Also, eight specific simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were analyzed in both species. Principal components analyses revealed seven characteristics (related to the size of the fruit and the firmness of the pulp) as the most important for the 23 peach/nectarine cultivars and four characteristics (yield, fruit size, soluble solids, and harvest time) for the 16 Japanese plum cultivars. These analyses revealed three cultivars of peaches (Diamond Princess, Dixon, and Dr. Davis) and three of nectarines (Ruby diamond, Artic sweet, Summer fire) with the highest values for fruit size and pulp firmness. Four Japanese plum cultivars (Angeleno, Flavor Rich, Red Heart, and Pink Delight) showed the highest values of yield, fruit size, soluble solids, and harvest time. Elite germplasms to carry out a breeding program were identified from both the phenotypic and genetic analysis. Additionally, cultivar-specific SSR alleles were identified and are a relevant tool for cultivar distinctness.
{"title":"Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a peach and a Japanese plum core collection for pre-breeding and distinctness assessment","authors":"B. Carrasco, César Ramírez, M. Gebauer, L. Meisel, R. Hasbún, H. Silva","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000300457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000300457","url":null,"abstract":"To know the relationships between phenotypic and genetic variables in a germplasm collection of fruit crops is useful a pre-breeding and cultivar distinctness. A core collection of 23 peaches/nectarines ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), and 16 Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl. var. salicina ) cultivars were evaluated for 33 and 29 characteristics (botanical/ productive) respectively during two growing seasons. Also, eight specific simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were analyzed in both species. Principal components analyses revealed seven characteristics (related to the size of the fruit and the firmness of the pulp) as the most important for the 23 peach/nectarine cultivars and four characteristics (yield, fruit size, soluble solids, and harvest time) for the 16 Japanese plum cultivars. These analyses revealed three cultivars of peaches (Diamond Princess, Dixon, and Dr. Davis) and three of nectarines (Ruby diamond, Artic sweet, Summer fire) with the highest values for fruit size and pulp firmness. Four Japanese plum cultivars (Angeleno, Flavor Rich, Red Heart, and Pink Delight) showed the highest values of yield, fruit size, soluble solids, and harvest time. Elite germplasms to carry out a breeding program were identified from both the phenotypic and genetic analysis. Additionally, cultivar-specific SSR alleles were identified and are a relevant tool for cultivar distinctness.","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43666425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392022000300399
Fernanda Palavecino-De-La-Fuente, G. Silva-Aguayo, Inés Figueroa-Cares, M. Gerding, J. C. Rodríguez-Maciel, Á. Lagunes-Tejeda, G. Castañeda-Ramírez, C. Sotelo-Leyva, T. Curkovic, L. Aguilar-Marcelino
The maize weevil ( Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855; Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is one of the most important pests associated with stored grains. It is controlled almost exclusively with synthetic insecticides. Thus, leading to problems such as pollution and resistance development. Hence an alternative is the use of natural compounds such as edible mushrooms
{"title":"Insecticidal effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus against Sitophilus zeamais","authors":"Fernanda Palavecino-De-La-Fuente, G. Silva-Aguayo, Inés Figueroa-Cares, M. Gerding, J. C. Rodríguez-Maciel, Á. Lagunes-Tejeda, G. Castañeda-Ramírez, C. Sotelo-Leyva, T. Curkovic, L. Aguilar-Marcelino","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392022000300399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000300399","url":null,"abstract":"The maize weevil ( Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855; Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is one of the most important pests associated with stored grains. It is controlled almost exclusively with synthetic insecticides. Thus, leading to problems such as pollution and resistance development. Hence an alternative is the use of natural compounds such as edible mushrooms","PeriodicalId":9851,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46326889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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