Yingjiao Wu, Yuqing Liang, Yandi D. Liu, Y. Hao, Na Tao, Juan Li, Xiaoyi Sun, Youping Liu, Ming Zhou
Injectable hydrogel embedded with ultra-small bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanodots (~ 2 nm) is prepared through a one-pot synthesis method that uses anionic polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) as a stabilizer. The as-prepared Bi 2S3 @GG hydrogel displays excellent capability for both photothermal therapy (PTT) (the photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.3%) and X-ray computed tomography (the X-ray absorption coefficient of 51.5 HU L·g -1 ), integrating with real-time monitoring and therapeutic functions. After incorporation with sorafenib (SF), the hydrogel shows a sustained release of SF over 15 days. The mice receiving the combined treatments of photothermal-chemotherapy show a tumor suppression rate of 98.2% by 22 days after the treatment. In contrast, tumor growth and recurrence are observed in the single treatment. Our work presents a new strategy to construct a theranostic hydrogel platform for a safe and precise antitumor therapy.
以阴离子多糖结冷胶(GG)为稳定剂，采用一锅法制备了嵌入超小硫化铋(Bi2S3)纳米点(~ 2 nm)的可注射水凝胶。制备的bi2s3 @GG水凝胶具有良好的光热治疗(PTT)能力(光热转换效率为44.3%)和x射线计算机断层扫描(x射线吸收系数为51.5 HU L·g -1)，集实时监测和治疗功能于一体。与索拉非尼(SF)掺入后，水凝胶显示SF的持续释放超过15天。光热-化疗联合治疗小鼠，治疗22天后肿瘤抑制率为98.2%。相比之下，在单一治疗中观察到肿瘤生长和复发。我们的工作提出了一种新的策略，构建一个安全、精确的抗肿瘤治疗的治疗性水凝胶平台。
{"title":"Bismuth Sulfide Nanodots Embedded Hydrogel as Theranostic Platform for CT Imaging and Photothermal/Antiangiogenic Therapy","authors":"Yingjiao Wu, Yuqing Liang, Yandi D. Liu, Y. Hao, Na Tao, Juan Li, Xiaoyi Sun, Youping Liu, Ming Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3687903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3687903","url":null,"abstract":"Injectable hydrogel embedded with ultra-small bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanodots (~ 2 nm) is prepared through a one-pot synthesis method that uses anionic polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) as a stabilizer. The as-prepared Bi 2S3 @GG hydrogel displays excellent capability for both photothermal therapy (PTT) (the photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.3%) and X-ray computed tomography (the X-ray absorption coefficient of 51.5 HU L·g -1 ), integrating with real-time monitoring and therapeutic functions. After incorporation with sorafenib (SF), the hydrogel shows a sustained release of SF over 15 days. The mice receiving the combined treatments of photothermal-chemotherapy show a tumor suppression rate of 98.2% by 22 days after the treatment. In contrast, tumor growth and recurrence are observed in the single treatment. Our work presents a new strategy to construct a theranostic hydrogel platform for a safe and precise antitumor therapy.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87679135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001436
K. Samoichuk, A. Kovalyov, V. Oleksiienko, N. Palianychka, D. Dmytrevskyi, V. Chervonyi, D. Horielkov, I. Zolotukhina, A. Slashcheva
The competitiveness improvement of milk products is directly connected with a problem of decreasing energy consumption of the process of milk emulsion dispersion. At creating promising types of energy effective dispersers, a necessary condition is to elaborate a correct methodology for studying them that takes into account the specificity of the process of fat milk microemulsion dispersion. Based on the critical analysis of research methods for homogenizers of different types, there have been determined main directions of their improvement, taken into account in the elaborated research method for a promising jet-slot type milk homogenizer. The method of theoretical studies, including a choice and analysis of stable and changeable factors of the homogenization process in a jet-slot type homogenizer and optimization criteria, has been elaborated. The interconnection of technological, constructive, hydraulic parameters with a dispersion quality has been demonstrated. The influence of physical-mechanical properties of milk as a research object was taken into account. An optimal milk temperature was chosen for the studies. Factor variation limits have been substantiated. The constructive scheme of a chamber for the experimental homogenizer has been developed. At processing the experimental research methodology, the main stage was to develop an experimental set for studying the influence of changeable factors of the dispersion process on a homogenization quality. Dispersion quality estimation methods have been analyzed and the method of microphotography has been chosen with further computed analysis of obtained data. The elaborated methodology was used at studying the influence of cream fat and ring slot width on a dispersion quality in a jet-slot type homogenizer. The obtained data allow to determine rational parameters of cream fat – 40–50 % and slot width – 0.1 mm. The analysis of dispersed characteristics of the milk emulsion allows to make a conclusion about the high homogenization quality, comparing with processing in a valve homogenizer
{"title":"Elaboration of the Research Method for Milk Dispersion in the Jet-Slot Type Homogenizer","authors":"K. Samoichuk, A. Kovalyov, V. Oleksiienko, N. Palianychka, D. Dmytrevskyi, V. Chervonyi, D. Horielkov, I. Zolotukhina, A. Slashcheva","doi":"10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001436","url":null,"abstract":"The competitiveness improvement of milk products is directly connected with a problem of decreasing energy consumption of the process of milk emulsion dispersion. At creating promising types of energy effective dispersers, a necessary condition is to elaborate a correct methodology for studying them that takes into account the specificity of the process of fat milk microemulsion dispersion. \u0000Based on the critical analysis of research methods for homogenizers of different types, there have been determined main directions of their improvement, taken into account in the elaborated research method for a promising jet-slot type milk homogenizer. \u0000The method of theoretical studies, including a choice and analysis of stable and changeable factors of the homogenization process in a jet-slot type homogenizer and optimization criteria, has been elaborated. The interconnection of technological, constructive, hydraulic parameters with a dispersion quality has been demonstrated. \u0000The influence of physical-mechanical properties of milk as a research object was taken into account. An optimal milk temperature was chosen for the studies. Factor variation limits have been substantiated. The constructive scheme of a chamber for the experimental homogenizer has been developed. \u0000At processing the experimental research methodology, the main stage was to develop an experimental set for studying the influence of changeable factors of the dispersion process on a homogenization quality. \u0000Dispersion quality estimation methods have been analyzed and the method of microphotography has been chosen with further computed analysis of obtained data. \u0000The elaborated methodology was used at studying the influence of cream fat and ring slot width on a dispersion quality in a jet-slot type homogenizer. The obtained data allow to determine rational parameters of cream fat – 40–50 % and slot width – 0.1 mm. The analysis of dispersed characteristics of the milk emulsion allows to make a conclusion about the high homogenization quality, comparing with processing in a valve homogenizer","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76278408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sonawane, G. Roux, J. Blandin, A. Després, G. Martin
Structural Aluminum alloy- 6061 (Al-0.8Si-1.2Mg %wt) is frequently reported to becrack sensitive during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The lack of in-depthunderstanding of the root causes of hot cracking is an impediment for designing partsfor safety-critical applications. In the present work, the ambiguity on crackingmechanism is resolved and is identified as solidification cracking. Cracking is found tooccur only along columnar grain boundaries having a large misorientation, θ > 15°.This is attributed to the coalescence undercooling that lowers the dendrite coalescencetemperature. Our findings using the Rappaz-Drezet-Gremaud (RDG) criterion andRosenthal calculations show that the existence of stable liquid films is linked tomisorientation, causing a sudden increase in pressure drop leading to cracking. In thiswork, hot cracking sensitivity (HCS) maps are developed using the RDG criterion underconditions typical of L-PBF to investigate:the effect of the processing conditions, the melting parameters (laser power andscanning speed) on the thermal gradient (G) and solidification Velocity (v) inferred fromthermal simulations, on the hot tearing sensitivity. This led us to an understanding ofthe required G and v, and therefore the required laser power and speed to decreasethe cracking susceptibility and propose improvements to process the 6061 Al-alloyusing L-PBF relying on the developed HCS maps.the effect of addition of alloying elements such as Si and Mg, on the crackingsensitivity. This can be further used as guidelines to suggest chemical compositionmodifications of 6061 Al-alloy to improve its processability by L-PBF.
{"title":"Insights into the Cracking Mechanism Affecting a Structural Aluminum Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"A. Sonawane, G. Roux, J. Blandin, A. Després, G. Martin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3693574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3693574","url":null,"abstract":"Structural Aluminum alloy- 6061 (Al-0.8Si-1.2Mg %wt) is frequently reported to becrack sensitive during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The lack of in-depthunderstanding of the root causes of hot cracking is an impediment for designing partsfor safety-critical applications. In the present work, the ambiguity on crackingmechanism is resolved and is identified as solidification cracking. Cracking is found tooccur only along columnar grain boundaries having a large misorientation, θ > 15°.This is attributed to the coalescence undercooling that lowers the dendrite coalescencetemperature. Our findings using the Rappaz-Drezet-Gremaud (RDG) criterion andRosenthal calculations show that the existence of stable liquid films is linked tomisorientation, causing a sudden increase in pressure drop leading to cracking. In thiswork, hot cracking sensitivity (HCS) maps are developed using the RDG criterion underconditions typical of L-PBF to investigate:the effect of the processing conditions, the melting parameters (laser power andscanning speed) on the thermal gradient (G) and solidification Velocity (v) inferred fromthermal simulations, on the hot tearing sensitivity. This led us to an understanding ofthe required G and v, and therefore the required laser power and speed to decreasethe cracking susceptibility and propose improvements to process the 6061 Al-alloyusing L-PBF relying on the developed HCS maps.the effect of addition of alloying elements such as Si and Mg, on the crackingsensitivity. This can be further used as guidelines to suggest chemical compositionmodifications of 6061 Al-alloy to improve its processability by L-PBF.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74230819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohang Ma, Dan Wu, Menfa Qian, Pengzhi Chen, Jingwei Du, Xiaoyi Chen, Rongcheng Dai, M. Sha, Z. Zi, J. Dai
The niobium molybdenum oxide Nb14Mo3O44 nanoparticles are synthesized by a convenient solvothermal method and explored as new anodes for lithium-ion batteries.Nb14Mo3O44 , which belongs to tetragonal structure that consists of 4×4×∞ NbO 6 octahedra-blocks linked by MoO 4 tetrahedra, generates stable structure for the efficient Li + de/intercalation. Compared with the agglomerated microparticles obtained by solid-state reaction, Nb14Mo3O44nanoparticles demonstrate a higher initial coulombic efficiency ( 90.6 %), better cycle property (218 mAh g -1 after 503 cycles at 0.5 C) and improved rate capability (74 mAh g -1 at 20 C), benefiting from nanoparticles possessed rather high specific surface area and reaction reactivity.
采用溶剂热法合成了铌钼氧化物纳米颗粒Nb14Mo3O44，并对其作为锂离子电池的新型阳极进行了探索。Nb14Mo3O44属于由moo4四面体连接的4×4×∞nbo6八面体块组成的四方结构，为Li + de/插层提供了稳定的结构。nb14mo3o44纳米颗粒具有较高的比表面积和反应活性，其初始库仑效率(90.6%)、循环性能(503次循环后为218 mAh g -1)和速率性能(20 C时为74 mAh g -1)均优于固相反应得到的团聚微粒。
{"title":"Nb 14Mo 3O 44 Nanoparticles Fabricated by a Facile Solvothermal Method as Novel Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Xiaohang Ma, Dan Wu, Menfa Qian, Pengzhi Chen, Jingwei Du, Xiaoyi Chen, Rongcheng Dai, M. Sha, Z. Zi, J. Dai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674204","url":null,"abstract":"The niobium molybdenum oxide Nb14Mo3O44 nanoparticles are synthesized by a convenient solvothermal method and explored as new anodes for lithium-ion batteries.Nb14Mo3O44 , which belongs to tetragonal structure that consists of 4×4×∞ NbO 6 octahedra-blocks linked by MoO 4 tetrahedra, generates stable structure for the efficient Li + de/intercalation. Compared with the agglomerated microparticles obtained by solid-state reaction, Nb14Mo3O44nanoparticles demonstrate a higher initial coulombic efficiency ( 90.6 %), better cycle property (218 mAh g -1 after 503 cycles at 0.5 C) and improved rate capability (74 mAh g -1 at 20 C), benefiting from nanoparticles possessed rather high specific surface area and reaction reactivity.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74296976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various points of view are important and valuable in solving problems and cognition of world. In this article, the modified Heron's fountain is introduced, and inside it the imaginable violation of thermodynamics first law is investigated. The modified Heron's fountain converts the gravity of mass into a mechanical energy. Here, a probable paradox between conservation of mass and conservation of energy or a probable conversion method of graviton into energy is discussed.
{"title":"The Study of Thermodynamics First Law inside the Modified Heron's Fountain","authors":"Jalal Gholinejad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3693278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3693278","url":null,"abstract":"Various points of view are important and valuable in solving problems and cognition of world. In this article, the modified Heron's fountain is introduced, and inside it the imaginable violation of thermodynamics first law is investigated. The modified Heron's fountain converts the gravity of mass into a mechanical energy. Here, a probable paradox between conservation of mass and conservation of energy or a probable conversion method of graviton into energy is discussed.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74971958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shun Xu, D. Xie, Guisen Liu, Kaisheng Ming, Jian Wang
Abstract The resistance to dislocation glide associated with slip systems {110} and {112} in single phase FeCrAl alloy is measured via micromechanical testing in a scanning electronic microscopy at room temperature. Two important factors, the shape and orientation of a pillar, are discussed with respect to the glide resistance and stress-strain response. Maximizing Schmid factor of one specific slip system while minimizing others is recommended in order to diminish obvious dislocations-induced hardening during in-situ testing. Apparent Schmid factor analysis is conducted to select grains with preferred orientations. Two types of pillars with conventional cylindrical shape or dog-bone shape are tested under compression to estimate the resistance to dislocation glide and evaluate the effect of pillar shape on the compression stress-strain response. One dog-bone pillar is tested under tension to check the tension-compression isotropy of dislocation slip. We find that the shape of a pillar to a smaller extent affects the measured resistance but strongly influences the stress strain response. Cylindrical pillars exhibit apparent hardening associated with early yielding due to stress or strain concentration at contact region, while dog-bone pillars show an obvious yielding and continuous shearing without hardening. The resistance is 220 MPa for slip system {110} and 230 MPa for slip system {112} . Finite element analysis is performed to account for the influence of pillar shape and contact condition on mechanical response.
{"title":"Quantifying the Resistance to Dislocation Glide in Single Phase FeCrAl Alloy","authors":"Shun Xu, D. Xie, Guisen Liu, Kaisheng Ming, Jian Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3467752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3467752","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The resistance to dislocation glide associated with slip systems {110} and {112} in single phase FeCrAl alloy is measured via micromechanical testing in a scanning electronic microscopy at room temperature. Two important factors, the shape and orientation of a pillar, are discussed with respect to the glide resistance and stress-strain response. Maximizing Schmid factor of one specific slip system while minimizing others is recommended in order to diminish obvious dislocations-induced hardening during in-situ testing. Apparent Schmid factor analysis is conducted to select grains with preferred orientations. Two types of pillars with conventional cylindrical shape or dog-bone shape are tested under compression to estimate the resistance to dislocation glide and evaluate the effect of pillar shape on the compression stress-strain response. One dog-bone pillar is tested under tension to check the tension-compression isotropy of dislocation slip. We find that the shape of a pillar to a smaller extent affects the measured resistance but strongly influences the stress strain response. Cylindrical pillars exhibit apparent hardening associated with early yielding due to stress or strain concentration at contact region, while dog-bone pillars show an obvious yielding and continuous shearing without hardening. The resistance is 220 MPa for slip system {110} and 230 MPa for slip system {112} . Finite element analysis is performed to account for the influence of pillar shape and contact condition on mechanical response.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76793802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ivanov, C. M. Meylan, N. Panagiotopoulos, K. Georgarakis, A. Greer
Abstract The composition Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 (at.%) is of interest as the basis for the development of gold-based bulk metallic glasses for application in jewellery. In-situ heating in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, both conventional and fast) are used to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the decomposition on heating a melt-spun glass of this composition. Linking TEM with DSC over a range of heating rates 0.083‒2000 K s‒1, allows the sample temperature in the TEM heating stage to be calibrated. On heating up to melting, the glass decomposes in up to four stages: (1) complete transformation to single-phase nanocrystalline (Au,Cu)7Si; (2) grain growth of this phase; (3) precipitation of (Pd,Ag)Si, reducing the supersaturation of silicon in the (Au,Cu)7Si matrix; (4) with the precipitate phase remaining stable, decomposition of the matrix to a mixture of (Au,Ag)8Cu2, AuCu and Cu3Au phases. At all stages, grain diameters remain sub-micrometre; some of the stable nanocrystalline microstructures may themselves be of interest for applications. The characterization of the decomposition can assist in the optimization of the glass composition to improve tarnish-resistance, while retaining adequate glass-forming ability, formability in thermoplastic processing, and resistance to crystallization. For materials in general, the close correlation of in-situ TEM and DSC results should find wide use in characterizing complex transformation sequences.
成分Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 (at.%)是开发用于珠宝的金基大块金属玻璃的基础。采用原位加热的透射电子显微镜(TEM)和差示扫描量热法(DSC，常规和快速)对该成分的熔融纺丝玻璃加热时的分解进行了全面表征。在0.083-2000 K s-1的加热速率范围内，将TEM与DSC连接起来，可以校准TEM加热阶段的样品温度。从加热到熔化，玻璃分解分为四个阶段:(1)完全转变为单相纳米晶(Au,Cu)7Si;(2)该相晶粒长大;(3) (Pd,Ag)Si的析出，降低了(Au,Cu)7Si基体中硅的过饱和;(4)在沉淀相保持稳定的情况下，基体分解为(Au,Ag)8Cu2、AuCu和Cu3Au相的混合物。在所有阶段，晶粒直径都保持在亚微米级;一些稳定的纳米晶微观结构本身可能具有应用价值。分解的表征有助于玻璃组合物的优化，以提高抗失光泽性，同时保持足够的玻璃成型能力、热塑性加工中的成型性和抗结晶性。对于一般材料来说，原位TEM和DSC结果的密切相关性应该在表征复杂转变序列中得到广泛应用。
{"title":"In-Situ TEM Study of the Crystallization Sequence in a Gold-Based Metallic Glass","authors":"Y. Ivanov, C. M. Meylan, N. Panagiotopoulos, K. Georgarakis, A. Greer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3592006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3592006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The composition Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 (at.%) is of interest as the basis for the development of gold-based bulk metallic glasses for application in jewellery. In-situ heating in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, both conventional and fast) are used to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the decomposition on heating a melt-spun glass of this composition. Linking TEM with DSC over a range of heating rates 0.083‒2000 K s‒1, allows the sample temperature in the TEM heating stage to be calibrated. On heating up to melting, the glass decomposes in up to four stages: (1) complete transformation to single-phase nanocrystalline (Au,Cu)7Si; (2) grain growth of this phase; (3) precipitation of (Pd,Ag)Si, reducing the supersaturation of silicon in the (Au,Cu)7Si matrix; (4) with the precipitate phase remaining stable, decomposition of the matrix to a mixture of (Au,Ag)8Cu2, AuCu and Cu3Au phases. At all stages, grain diameters remain sub-micrometre; some of the stable nanocrystalline microstructures may themselves be of interest for applications. The characterization of the decomposition can assist in the optimization of the glass composition to improve tarnish-resistance, while retaining adequate glass-forming ability, formability in thermoplastic processing, and resistance to crystallization. For materials in general, the close correlation of in-situ TEM and DSC results should find wide use in characterizing complex transformation sequences.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84954486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2020.208493
G. Taranenko
The object of research is the dual-type plates with a large free section. One of the most problematic areas of such plates is their low efficiency, which depends on the operating mode of the dual-type plates with a large free section. The gas-liquid layer on such plates is represented by drops and films of liquid, which are the dispersed phase. In this case, the continuous phase is gas. Insufficient liquid supply on dual-flow plates with a large free section leads to a decrease in the efficiency of such plates.
During the research, the method of hydrodynamic modeling was used. This method consists in the fact that the dual-flow plates are investigated first in experimental installations, and their results, according to a certain method, are used to calculate industrial plates.
A study of dual-flow plates with a large free section in a wide range of gas and liquid loads has been car-ried out. The range of work of the plates has been determined. It has been established that the hydraulic resis-tance of the dual-flow plates with a large free section depends little on the diameter of the column apparatus. An almost complete coincidence of the dependence of the height of the gas-liquid layer on the gas velocity in the column cross-section is shown for dual-flow plates with a large free section installed in columns with diameters D = 0.057, 0.4 and 2 m. It is revealed that a column with a diameter of D = 0.057 m can be used to simulate the operation of dual-flow plates with a large free section of industrial diameter. For example, for dual-flow plates of the usual free section during hydrodynamic modeling, it is necessary to use pilot plants with columns of larger diameter D = 0.15–0.25 m with a large free cross-section can operate at significantly higher gas and liquid velo-cities compared to the dual-flow plates with a conventional free cross-section.
The use of dual-flow plates with a large free section is recommended in absorption processes at high irriga-tion densities.
{"title":"Analysis of Dual-Flow Plates with a Large Free Section","authors":"G. Taranenko","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.208493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.208493","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the dual-type plates with a large free section. One of the most problematic areas of such plates is their low efficiency, which depends on the operating mode of the dual-type plates with a large free section. The gas-liquid layer on such plates is represented by drops and films of liquid, which are the dispersed phase. In this case, the continuous phase is gas. Insufficient liquid supply on dual-flow plates with a large free section leads to a decrease in the efficiency of such plates.<br><br>During the research, the method of hydrodynamic modeling was used. This method consists in the fact that the dual-flow plates are investigated first in experimental installations, and their results, according to a certain method, are used to calculate industrial plates.<br><br>A study of dual-flow plates with a large free section in a wide range of gas and liquid loads has been car-ried out. The range of work of the plates has been determined. It has been established that the hydraulic resis-tance of the dual-flow plates with a large free section depends little on the diameter of the column apparatus. An almost complete coincidence of the dependence of the height of the gas-liquid layer on the gas velocity in the column cross-section is shown for dual-flow plates with a large free section installed in columns with diameters D = 0.057, 0.4 and 2 m. It is revealed that a column with a diameter of D = 0.057 m can be used to simulate the operation of dual-flow plates with a large free section of industrial diameter. For example, for dual-flow plates of the usual free section during hydrodynamic modeling, it is necessary to use pilot plants with columns of larger diameter D = 0.15–0.25 m with a large free cross-section can operate at significantly higher gas and liquid velo-cities compared to the dual-flow plates with a conventional free cross-section.<br><br>The use of dual-flow plates with a large free section is recommended in absorption processes at high irriga-tion densities.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85430023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199035
E. Yudiyanto, I. Wardana, N. Hamidi, D. Widhiyanuriyawan
The impinging fluid can be used as a prevention of sedimentation in the flow of the pipe and the mixing process. Sedimentation is a problem that often occurs in fluid transportation and fluidization. Granular material behavior due to impinging is a phenomenon that is rarely studied. This condition is difficult to observe due to the position of complex fluid movements in the bed. The study tries to find the behavior of fluidization at various granular sizes. The effect of impinging into the granular bed has been observed with experimental studies. Hele-Shaw cell is used as equipment for the observation process. The glass sand is used as a medium of fluidization. The high-speed fluid is injected into a granular bed in a short time. Granular material moves because of the pressure impinging as fluidization. The motion of the granular material is observed by a camera to determine the behavior of the granular material. The primary outcome of the present study is the identification of two very distinct regimes. There are two types of post-impinging fluidization. The first type is the fluid cavity and fluidization. The condition starts with a fluid cavity expansion and continues with the fluidization process. The fluid cavity occurs because the fluid shock pressure pushes the granular material upward. Granular bonds hold the particles' connection and form a cavity. Fluidization after cavity expansion is a settling motion that is influenced by gravity, buoyancy, drag, and granular bonds. The other type is a local fluidized state. The limit for the occurrence of fluid cavity and fluidization is observed with the Reynolds number of impinging. The Reynolds number of impinging is calculated by the velocity of entry of the shock fluid in the granular and multiplied size of the particles divided by the viscosity. The fluid cavity post-impinging occurs at the Reynolds number of the impinging process less than 4,000 (laminar and transition flow area). The local fluidized state has Re of impinging more than 4,000, and the fluidization follows the flow and disappears immediately. This condition causes the bonding of the granules cannot maintain the agglomeration of the granules.
{"title":"An Experimental Study of Fluidization Post Impinging Fluid in Granular Bed for Breaking Sedimentation","authors":"E. Yudiyanto, I. Wardana, N. Hamidi, D. Widhiyanuriyawan","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199035","url":null,"abstract":"The impinging fluid can be used as a prevention of sedimentation in the flow of the pipe and the mixing process. Sedimentation is a problem that often occurs in fluid transportation and fluidization. Granular material behavior due to impinging is a phenomenon that is rarely studied. This condition is difficult to observe due to the position of complex fluid movements in the bed. The study tries to find the behavior of fluidization at various granular sizes. The effect of impinging into the granular bed has been observed with experimental studies. Hele-Shaw cell is used as equipment for the observation process. The glass sand is used as a medium of fluidization. The high-speed fluid is injected into a granular bed in a short time. Granular material moves because of the pressure impinging as fluidization. The motion of the granular material is observed by a camera to determine the behavior of the granular material. The primary outcome of the present study is the identification of two very distinct regimes. There are two types of post-impinging fluidization. The first type is the fluid cavity and fluidization. The condition starts with a fluid cavity expansion and continues with the fluidization process. The fluid cavity occurs because the fluid shock pressure pushes the granular material upward. Granular bonds hold the particles' connection and form a cavity. Fluidization after cavity expansion is a settling motion that is influenced by gravity, buoyancy, drag, and granular bonds. The other type is a local fluidized state. The limit for the occurrence of fluid cavity and fluidization is observed with the Reynolds number of impinging. The Reynolds number of impinging is calculated by the velocity of entry of the shock fluid in the granular and multiplied size of the particles divided by the viscosity. The fluid cavity post-impinging occurs at the Reynolds number of the impinging process less than 4,000 (laminar and transition flow area). The local fluidized state has Re of impinging more than 4,000, and the fluidization follows the flow and disappears immediately. This condition causes the bonding of the granules cannot maintain the agglomeration of the granules.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84885135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photoluminescence of green-emitting Cs4PbBr6 crystals has shown superior stability over that of standard CsPbBr3 phase towards many harsh conditions, including long-term storage, heat shock, light irradiation, and even multiple solvent rinsing. However, the understanding of its origin remained controversial, partially due to the lack of real-time observation on its initial formation stage. Here, this work reported the direct observation of emitter generation in the crystallization stage. Through the use of a home-made crystal incubator coupled with a fluorescent microscope, both the crystal growth and emitter emergence were tracked in a real-time manner. The emitter distribution was found oriented along c axis and the cooling rate of precursor was found a key factor to manipulate the emitter density, which was reported for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Through an ultra-slow cooling procedure, a full-body emitting crystal of high PL QY up to 83% was obtained. Importantly, the PL QY was found temperature-insensitive in a broad range from 80 K to 300 K despite of strong phonon-electron coupling effect. The lifetime displayed a linear relationship to temperature, which suggested a 2D quantum-well feature of excitons according to Rosales model. This work provided many new evidences and insights into the PL origin of Cs4PbBr6, representing a step forward to approaching the nature of emitters in low dimensional perovskites.
{"title":"Real-Time Tracking of Emitter Generation in Zero-Dimensional Perovskite","authors":"Ruijia Sun, Nianqiao Liu, Wei Zheng, Ning-bo Li, Huqiang Lian, Hong Liu, Yuhai Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3661952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3661952","url":null,"abstract":"The photoluminescence of green-emitting Cs4PbBr6 crystals has shown superior stability over that of standard CsPbBr3 phase towards many harsh conditions, including long-term storage, heat shock, light irradiation, and even multiple solvent rinsing. However, the understanding of its origin remained controversial, partially due to the lack of real-time observation on its initial formation stage. Here, this work reported the direct observation of emitter generation in the crystallization stage. Through the use of a home-made crystal incubator coupled with a fluorescent microscope, both the crystal growth and emitter emergence were tracked in a real-time manner. The emitter distribution was found oriented along c axis and the cooling rate of precursor was found a key factor to manipulate the emitter density, which was reported for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Through an ultra-slow cooling procedure, a full-body emitting crystal of high PL QY up to 83% was obtained. Importantly, the PL QY was found temperature-insensitive in a broad range from 80 K to 300 K despite of strong phonon-electron coupling effect. The lifetime displayed a linear relationship to temperature, which suggested a 2D quantum-well feature of excitons according to Rosales model. This work provided many new evidences and insights into the PL origin of Cs4PbBr6, representing a step forward to approaching the nature of emitters in low dimensional perovskites.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86645179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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