Z.G. Wang, F. Gao, Jun Chen, Z. Liu, Y. Wang, S. Tang, Xinming Hu, Z. Pang
Effects of the topological grain boundary network in hot rolled plates of 316H on intergranular corrosion (IGC) propagation were studied, which demonstrated that the connectivity among low-Σ coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries, instead of the CSL fraction, played the dominant role in arresting the IGC propagation. It was worked out that original dynamic recrystallized structures with homogeneous CSL boundaries and larger grain size were the efficient way to improving the CSL connectivity, which can be realized by optimizing the processing parameters during hot plate rolling.
{"title":"Evolution of Connectivity Among CSL Boundaries During Hot Plate Rolling of 316H Stainless Steel and the Effect on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance","authors":"Z.G. Wang, F. Gao, Jun Chen, Z. Liu, Y. Wang, S. Tang, Xinming Hu, Z. Pang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757910","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of the topological grain boundary network in hot rolled plates of 316H on intergranular corrosion (IGC) propagation were studied, which demonstrated that the connectivity among low-Σ coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries, instead of the CSL fraction, played the dominant role in arresting the IGC propagation. It was worked out that original dynamic recrystallized structures with homogeneous CSL boundaries and larger grain size were the efficient way to improving the CSL connectivity, which can be realized by optimizing the processing parameters during hot plate rolling.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.217018
N. Osokina, V. Liubych, V. Novikov, I. Leshchenko, V. Petrenko, S. Khomenko, Viktor Zorunko, O. Balabak, V. Moskalets, T. Moskalets
The effect of water-heat treatment and time of electromagnetic irradiation on the yield and quality of flattened wholegrain cereal from emmer wheat is investigated. A comparative analysis of cereal yield and cooking time at different moisture contents and time of electromagnetic irradiation of grain before flattening is carried out. The degree of influence of the investigated factors on the total yield of flattened wholegrain cereal and high-grade flattened cereal is determined.
The effect of electromagnetic irradiation on the yield of high-grade flattened cereal is significant. Moistening does not affect the overall cereal yield. The highest total yield of cereal was obtained after grain irradiation for 20–80 s, and the lowest – after 180 s. The highest yield of high-grade flattened cereal was obtained with an irradiation time of 80–100 s, while the lowest – 20 s.
Moistening of emmer wheat grain by 1.0 % allows increasing the yield of high-grade flattened cereal from 89.6 to 92.3 %. In this case, the optimal irradiation time is reduced from 100 to 80 s.
It is found that emmer wheat grain cereal is of high culinary quality. The cooking time of high-grade cereal is reduced as a result of moistening and electromagnetic irradiation of grain. With short-term electromagnetic irradiation of grain (20 s), the cooking time of high-grade cereal is 19.1 minutes, and after long-term (180 s) it decreased to 15.9 minutes.
The use of optimal processing parameters (moistening by 1.0 %, irradiation for 80–100 s) provides the 91.7–92.3 % yield of high-grade wholegrain flattened cereal with a culinary score of 7.3 points. The cereal quality meets the requirements of DSTU 76992015. The difference from the classical method is the use of unhulled emmer wheat grain. The developed recommendations can be used by enterprises to intensify production.
{"title":"Effect of Electromagnetic Irradiation of Emmer Wheat Grain on the Yield of Flattened Wholegrain Cereal","authors":"N. Osokina, V. Liubych, V. Novikov, I. Leshchenko, V. Petrenko, S. Khomenko, Viktor Zorunko, O. Balabak, V. Moskalets, T. Moskalets","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.217018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.217018","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of water-heat treatment and time of electromagnetic irradiation on the yield and quality of flattened wholegrain cereal from emmer wheat is investigated. A comparative analysis of cereal yield and cooking time at different moisture contents and time of electromagnetic irradiation of grain before flattening is carried out. The degree of influence of the investigated factors on the total yield of flattened wholegrain cereal and high-grade flattened cereal is determined.<br><br>The effect of electromagnetic irradiation on the yield of high-grade flattened cereal is significant. Moistening does not affect the overall cereal yield. The highest total yield of cereal was obtained after grain irradiation for 20–80 s, and the lowest – after 180 s. The highest yield of high-grade flattened cereal was obtained with an irradiation time of 80–100 s, while the lowest – 20 s.<br><br>Moistening of emmer wheat grain by 1.0 % allows increasing the yield of high-grade flattened cereal from 89.6 to 92.3 %. In this case, the optimal irradiation time is reduced from 100 to 80 s.<br><br>It is found that emmer wheat grain cereal is of high culinary quality. The cooking time of high-grade cereal is reduced as a result of moistening and electromagnetic irradiation of grain. With short-term electromagnetic irradiation of grain (20 s), the cooking time of high-grade cereal is 19.1 minutes, and after long-term (180 s) it decreased to 15.9 minutes.<br><br>The use of optimal processing parameters (moistening by 1.0 %, irradiation for 80–100 s) provides the 91.7–92.3 % yield of high-grade wholegrain flattened cereal with a culinary score of 7.3 points. The cereal quality meets the requirements of DSTU 76992015. The difference from the classical method is the use of unhulled emmer wheat grain. The developed recommendations can be used by enterprises to intensify production.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83591622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.218355
V. Kovalenko, V. Kotok
W-based superalloys are widely used as elements of drilling equipment, high-speed steel cutting tools, or penetrators for armor-piercing munitions. Used or broken superalloy products are valuable waste that can be recycled to recover valuable components. The most economically and technologically viable method for recycling superalloy scrap is a selective treatment with the dissolution of the binder metal and the production of non-oxidized tungsten powder. The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of anodic treatment of the VNZh90 superalloy scrap with the selective dissolution of the binder metal. The anodic behavior of the VNZh90 superalloy (5 % Ni, 5 % Fe, 90 % W) in HCl solutions with a concentration (wt %) of 9, 13, 17, and 30 was studied by voltammetry. It was shown that the anodic polarization curves of the alloy contained two dissolution peaks on a fresh surface (Fe and Ni components of the binder metal) with a further decrease in the current density. The effect of significant passivation of the VNZh90 alloy was revealed: repeated polarization curves in a 9 % HCL solution contained only the Ni dissolution peak with a 6-fold reduced current density. The passivation of the VNZh90 alloy was explained by the depletion of the surface due to the dissolution of the active Fe component and the Ni passivation due to the W dissolution during the formation of a superalloy. An increase in the HCl concentration did not reveal an activating effect. It was found that there was no activation effect when FeCl3 was added to the electrolyte. The introduction of NaCl showed a high activation effect, and the dissolution current density of the passivated Ni component increased by 1.69 times. The efficiency of selective dissolution of the binder metal of the highly passive VNZh90 alloy must be confirmed by the galvanostatic or volt-static method.
{"title":"Investigation of the Anodic Behavior of W-Based Superalloy for Electrochemical Selective Treatment","authors":"V. Kovalenko, V. Kotok","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.218355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.218355","url":null,"abstract":"W-based superalloys are widely used as elements of drilling equipment, high-speed steel cutting tools, or penetrators for armor-piercing munitions. Used or broken superalloy products are valuable waste that can be recycled to recover valuable components. The most economically and technologically viable method for recycling superalloy scrap is a selective treatment with the dissolution of the binder metal and the production of non-oxidized tungsten powder. The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of anodic treatment of the VNZh90 superalloy scrap with the selective dissolution of the binder metal. The anodic behavior of the VNZh90 superalloy (5 % Ni, 5 % Fe, 90 % W) in HCl solutions with a concentration (wt %) of 9, 13, 17, and 30 was studied by voltammetry. It was shown that the anodic polarization curves of the alloy contained two dissolution peaks on a fresh surface (Fe and Ni components of the binder metal) with a further decrease in the current density. The effect of significant passivation of the VNZh90 alloy was revealed: repeated polarization curves in a 9 % HCL solution contained only the Ni dissolution peak with a 6-fold reduced current density. The passivation of the VNZh90 alloy was explained by the depletion of the surface due to the dissolution of the active Fe component and the Ni passivation due to the W dissolution during the formation of a superalloy. An increase in the HCl concentration did not reveal an activating effect. It was found that there was no activation effect when FeCl3 was added to the electrolyte. The introduction of NaCl showed a high activation effect, and the dissolution current density of the passivated Ni component increased by 1.69 times. The efficiency of selective dissolution of the binder metal of the highly passive VNZh90 alloy must be confirmed by the galvanostatic or volt-static method.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91017505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-09DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.216733
E. Gevorkyan, V. Nerubatskyi, Yuriy Gutsalenko, O. Melnik, L. Voloshyna
This paper proposes an economical thermal cycle of the production of ceramic articles from submicronic powders of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and manganese oxide. The implementation of a given cycle involves the introduction of a special aluminophosphate bond into the charge in order to reduce the temperature of firing. The optimal composition of the material for a foam-ceramic filter with the highest physical and mechanical properties has been determined; the optimal method for preparing the original charge and the baking mode have been selected. According to the results of tests under industrial conditions, the manufactured alumina filters became a decent alternative to known analogs used in aluminum metallurgy for the purification of liquid metal. The application and rational dosage of titanium dioxides, manganese, and aluminum aluminophosphate in porous ceramic compositions on an alumina base have made it possible to significantly reduce the time and, consequently, improve the productivity, of firing. The results obtained were evaluated by the level of maximum temperature in the cycle of heat treatment according to known technologies. Compared to those technologies, the developed technology ensures the growth of firing productivity when implementing the proposed solution by about 220 %. It was found that the high true density of ceramic powder requires large dispersion as the relatively large powder particles are significantly worse retained in foam films and settle. At medium (intermediate) temperatures, a large weight loss occurs at a heating rate of 10 °C/h. In this case, the decomposition progress changes in proportion to the heating speed. Changing the heating speed with temperature is the most effective technique for deparaffinization in the air. The heating time from the ambient temperature to 200 °C significantly decreases. At a certain temperature, prior to the thermal decomposition, the bond would transfer from a strongly viscous state to a liquid state
{"title":"Examination of Patterns in Obtaining Porous Structures From Submicron Aluminum Oxide Powder and Its Mixtures","authors":"E. Gevorkyan, V. Nerubatskyi, Yuriy Gutsalenko, O. Melnik, L. Voloshyna","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.216733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.216733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an economical thermal cycle of the production of ceramic articles from submicronic powders of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and manganese oxide. The implementation of a given cycle involves the introduction of a special aluminophosphate bond into the charge in order to reduce the temperature of firing. The optimal composition of the material for a foam-ceramic filter with the highest physical and mechanical properties has been determined; the optimal method for preparing the original charge and the baking mode have been selected. According to the results of tests under industrial conditions, the manufactured alumina filters became a decent alternative to known analogs used in aluminum metallurgy for the purification of liquid metal. The application and rational dosage of titanium dioxides, manganese, and aluminum aluminophosphate in porous ceramic compositions on an alumina base have made it possible to significantly reduce the time and, consequently, improve the productivity, of firing. The results obtained were evaluated by the level of maximum temperature in the cycle of heat treatment according to known technologies. Compared to those technologies, the developed technology ensures the growth of firing productivity when implementing the proposed solution by about 220 %. It was found that the high true density of ceramic powder requires large dispersion as the relatively large powder particles are significantly worse retained in foam films and settle. At medium (intermediate) temperatures, a large weight loss occurs at a heating rate of 10 °C/h. In this case, the decomposition progress changes in proportion to the heating speed. Changing the heating speed with temperature is the most effective technique for deparaffinization in the air. The heating time from the ambient temperature to 200 °C significantly decreases. At a certain temperature, prior to the thermal decomposition, the bond would transfer from a strongly viscous state to a liquid state","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82751733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new model is proposed to quantitatively describe the accommodation of shear from multiple deformation systems at a grain boundary. The model uses an iterative approach to sequentially determine the accommodating slip systems and their relative shear. The outcome of this iterative stress relief model is mainly controlled by the continuity of Burgers vector in the grain boundary and the evolution of the impinging stress tensor at the grain boundary. The model was tested by comparing predictions with observations of shear accommodation in a -titanium quantified using orientation informed slip trace analysis and quantitative atomic force microscopy. Similar comparisons were conducted between tangential continuity model predictions and the experimental observations. These comparisons show that the iterative stress relief model agrees much better with the observations when used to predict the accommodating deformation system(s) compared to the tangential continuity model. Critical resolved shear stress ratios used in this iterative stress relief were optimized by maximizing the accuracy of the model predictions. The ranges of the optimized critical resolved shear stress ratios were determined to be basal 〈a〉: prism 〈a〉: pyramidal 〈a〉: pyramidal 〈c+a〉: T1 twin = 1.0 : (0.8–1.0) : (1.0–1.3) : (1.6–9.5) : (3.0–9.5).
提出了一种新的模型来定量描述晶界上多个变形系统的剪切调节。该模型采用迭代法依次确定容纳滑移系统及其相对剪切。该迭代应力消除模型的结果主要受晶界Burgers矢量的连续性和晶界处冲击应力张量的演化控制。通过将预测结果与使用定向滑移迹分析和定量原子力显微镜量化的-钛中剪切调节的观察结果进行比较，对该模型进行了测试。切向连续性模型的预测结果与实验观测结果也进行了类似的比较。这些比较表明，与切向连续模型相比，迭代应力释放模型在预测可容纳变形系统时与观测结果吻合得更好。通过最大化模型预测的准确性，优化了迭代应力释放中使用的临界分解剪应力比。优化后的临界分解剪应力比范围为:基底< a >:棱柱< a >:锥体< a >:锥体< c+a >: T1孪晶= 1.0:(0.8-1.0):(1.0 - 1.3):(1.6-9.5):(3.0-9.5)。
{"title":"Predicting Shear Transmission Across Grain Boundaries with an Iterative Stress Relief Model","authors":"Yang Su, Songyang Han, P. Eisenlohr, M. Crimp","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3730362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3730362","url":null,"abstract":"A new model is proposed to quantitatively describe the accommodation of shear from multiple deformation systems at a grain boundary. The model uses an iterative approach to sequentially determine the accommodating slip systems and their relative shear. The outcome of this iterative stress relief model is mainly controlled by the continuity of Burgers vector in the grain boundary and the evolution of the impinging stress tensor at the grain boundary. The model was tested by comparing predictions with observations of shear accommodation in a -titanium quantified using orientation informed slip trace analysis and quantitative atomic force microscopy. Similar comparisons were conducted between tangential continuity model predictions and the experimental observations. These comparisons show that the iterative stress relief model agrees much better with the observations when used to predict the accommodating deformation system(s) compared to the tangential continuity model. Critical resolved shear stress ratios used in this iterative stress relief were optimized by maximizing the accuracy of the model predictions. The ranges of the optimized critical resolved shear stress ratios were determined to be basal 〈a〉: prism 〈a〉: pyramidal 〈a〉: pyramidal 〈c+a〉: T1 twin = 1.0 : (0.8–1.0) : (1.0–1.3) : (1.6–9.5) : (3.0–9.5).","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83616475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaku Okuma, N. Saito, K. Mizuno, Y. Iwazaki, H. Kishi, A. Takeuchi, M. Uesugi, K. Uesugi, F. Wakai
Abstract Synchrotron X-ray nano computed tomography was used to investigate the microstructural evolution during co-sintering of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) consisting of Ni electrodes and BaTiO3 dielectric layers stacked alternately. As the electrode thickness reduced to submicron at the scale of a few particle diameters, the process produced the defect of inner electrode leading to capacitance loss. The discontinuous electrode region contained round holes and irregularly-shaped channels. The formation of discontinuity was associated with the increase of characteristic length of heterogeneous electrode structure, i.e., the coarsening occurred. The evolution of electrode morphology by surface/interface diffusion caused the breakup of ligament between two holes driven by instability induced by surface tension and stress. The ligament pinch-off inevitably generated sharp points which might enhance the local electric field bringing about the dielectric breakdown. A model was presented to explain the formation of defect from the heterogeneous particles packing in the electrode layer.
{"title":"Microstructural Evolution of Electrodes in Sintering of Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors (MlCC) Observed by Synchrotron X-Ray Nano-Ct","authors":"Gaku Okuma, N. Saito, K. Mizuno, Y. Iwazaki, H. Kishi, A. Takeuchi, M. Uesugi, K. Uesugi, F. Wakai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3727660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3727660","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synchrotron X-ray nano computed tomography was used to investigate the microstructural evolution during co-sintering of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) consisting of Ni electrodes and BaTiO3 dielectric layers stacked alternately. As the electrode thickness reduced to submicron at the scale of a few particle diameters, the process produced the defect of inner electrode leading to capacitance loss. The discontinuous electrode region contained round holes and irregularly-shaped channels. The formation of discontinuity was associated with the increase of characteristic length of heterogeneous electrode structure, i.e., the coarsening occurred. The evolution of electrode morphology by surface/interface diffusion caused the breakup of ligament between two holes driven by instability induced by surface tension and stress. The ligament pinch-off inevitably generated sharp points which might enhance the local electric field bringing about the dielectric breakdown. A model was presented to explain the formation of defect from the heterogeneous particles packing in the electrode layer.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84887986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Binder, Martina Fischer, S. Dietrich, C. Seidel, G. Reinhart
The integration of sensors within product components manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques promises auspicious new possibilities for real time monitoring. Until now, mechanical force monitoring such as compression and strain has been carried out using strain gauges (SG) fixed to the surface of the component by glued or weld-on bonding. This conventional approach has crucial disadvantages: an SG mounted on the component surface does not provide any information about the forces inside the component and is exposed to the surrounding environmental influences.
Due to the layered build-up of AM-parts sensors can be integrated within the part and therefore these drawbacks be overcome. But the usually used adhesive bonding presents challenges for metalworking AM-Techniques regarding the high process temperatures and the curing times of the used glues.
Therefore, this study describes a weld-on method for SG integration where the firm fusion for force transmission is created by applying weld seams between the SG and the AM-component. Since the welding is performed during the metalworking laser-based powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB/M) no additional fixing of the component, e.g. glue, is necessary. After presentation of an SG integration process, an analysis is performed to determine how the load of a test body corresponds to the data of the integrated SG. The results show that the possibility of integrating SGs during the PBF-LB/M process helps in overcoming the disadvantages of conventional sensor mounting concepts. A smooth SG integration process can be ensured allowing future research to focus on automating this process.
{"title":"Integration of Strain Gauges in Components Manufactured by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"M. Binder, Martina Fischer, S. Dietrich, C. Seidel, G. Reinhart","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3724097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724097","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of sensors within product components manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques promises auspicious new possibilities for real time monitoring. Until now, mechanical force monitoring such as compression and strain has been carried out using strain gauges (SG) fixed to the surface of the component by glued or weld-on bonding. This conventional approach has crucial disadvantages: an SG mounted on the component surface does not provide any information about the forces inside the component and is exposed to the surrounding environmental influences. <br><br>Due to the layered build-up of AM-parts sensors can be integrated within the part and therefore these drawbacks be overcome. But the usually used adhesive bonding presents challenges for metalworking AM-Techniques regarding the high process temperatures and the curing times of the used glues.<br><br>Therefore, this study describes a weld-on method for SG integration where the firm fusion for force transmission is created by applying weld seams between the SG and the AM-component. Since the welding is performed during the metalworking laser-based powder bed fusion process (PBF-LB/M) no additional fixing of the component, e.g. glue, is necessary. After presentation of an SG integration process, an analysis is performed to determine how the load of a test body corresponds to the data of the integrated SG. The results show that the possibility of integrating SGs during the PBF-LB/M process helps in overcoming the disadvantages of conventional sensor mounting concepts. A smooth SG integration process can be ensured allowing future research to focus on automating this process.<br>","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88579711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Domain switching is one of the essential contributions for strain in ferroelectric materials. In this work, we utilize anisotropic composition gradients (CGs) to induce anisotropic orientation of both defects and spontaneous dipoles, aiming to enhance the contribution of domain switching on strain in KTa1–xNbxO3 single crystal. In this way, a remarkable improvement (over 60%) of strain is obtained in KTa0.58Nb0.42O3 single crystal along the smallest CG direction, achieving a large unipolar strain, i.e. 0.29%, at low driving electric field 10 kV cm–1. It is attributed to the preferred orientation of both defects and spontaneous dipoles along the largest CG directions, then improving the contribution of domain switching on strain along the smallest CG direction. Particularly, owing to the existence of Ein as recoverable forces caused by both flexoelectric fields and defects pinning effect, KTN show nearly zero remnant strain (srem) along with the small CG directions, corresponding to the double P-E loops. Moreover, the V–PFM images confirm that CGs can influence the microdomain structures. Thus, designing special anisotropic CGs materials is expected to be a novel method to improve the strain properties and a potential way to flexibly design next-generation anisotropic piezoelectric materials.
{"title":"Improving Strain in Single Crystal by Composition-Gradients Design","authors":"Fei Huang, Chengpeng Hu, Zhongxiang Zhou, Xiangda Meng, Peng Tan, Chuan‐Chung Wang, Xiaolin Huang, H. Tian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3614842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3614842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Domain switching is one of the essential contributions for strain in ferroelectric materials. In this work, we utilize anisotropic composition gradients (CGs) to induce anisotropic orientation of both defects and spontaneous dipoles, aiming to enhance the contribution of domain switching on strain in KTa1–xNbxO3 single crystal. In this way, a remarkable improvement (over 60%) of strain is obtained in KTa0.58Nb0.42O3 single crystal along the smallest CG direction, achieving a large unipolar strain, i.e. 0.29%, at low driving electric field 10 kV cm–1. It is attributed to the preferred orientation of both defects and spontaneous dipoles along the largest CG directions, then improving the contribution of domain switching on strain along the smallest CG direction. Particularly, owing to the existence of Ein as recoverable forces caused by both flexoelectric fields and defects pinning effect, KTN show nearly zero remnant strain (srem) along with the small CG directions, corresponding to the double P-E loops. Moreover, the V–PFM images confirm that CGs can influence the microdomain structures. Thus, designing special anisotropic CGs materials is expected to be a novel method to improve the strain properties and a potential way to flexibly design next-generation anisotropic piezoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86328537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215130
Y. Tsapko, I. Rogovskii, L. Titova, T. Bilko, А. Tsapko, O. Bondarenko, S. Mazurchuk
Designing environmentally friendly protective materials for flammable liquids makes it possible to influence the processes of heat resistance and the physical-chemical properties of a protective coating over a certain time until the emergency is eliminated. Therefore, there is a need to study the conditions that form a barrier for thermal conductivity and to define a mechanism for decelerating the transfer of heat to a flammable liquid by using a foaming agent. Given this, a mathematical model has been built for the process of changing the concentration of a foaming agent when used as a coating. Based on the experimental data, it was established that the foaming layer destruction process took place over 618 s until the achieved critical thickness of the foaming layer made the conductivity cease. According to the derived dependences, the concentration value was calculated at which the critical value of the foaming layer thickness is achieved, which leads to the ignition of a flammable liquid, and is about 25 %. It has been proven that the process of decelerating the temperature involves the decomposition of a foaming agent under the influence of the temperature, with heat absorption and foam release, the insulation of heat at the surface of the flammable liquid. Given this, it has become possible to define the conditions for protecting flammable liquids using foaming agents by forming a barrier to thermal conductivity. Experimental studies have confirmed that under the influence of water evaporation and foaming agent diffusion into a layer of the flammable liquid, the critical amount of the foaming agent reached a minimum in 606 s and only then the flammable liquid ignited. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of using foaming agents to protect the leaks of flammable liquids, capable of forming a protective layer at the surface of the material. It also becomes possible to establish methods for assessing the insulating capacity of a foaming agent that could inhibit the rate of temperature penetration and the release of flammable liquids' vapors
{"title":"Establishing Regularities in the Insulating Capacity of a Foaming Agent for Localizing Flammable Liquids","authors":"Y. Tsapko, I. Rogovskii, L. Titova, T. Bilko, А. Tsapko, O. Bondarenko, S. Mazurchuk","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215130","url":null,"abstract":"Designing environmentally friendly protective materials for flammable liquids makes it possible to influence the processes of heat resistance and the physical-chemical properties of a protective coating over a certain time until the emergency is eliminated. Therefore, there is a need to study the conditions that form a barrier for thermal conductivity and to define a mechanism for decelerating the transfer of heat to a flammable liquid by using a foaming agent. Given this, a mathematical model has been built for the process of changing the concentration of a foaming agent when used as a coating. Based on the experimental data, it was established that the foaming layer destruction process took place over 618 s until the achieved critical thickness of the foaming layer made the conductivity cease. According to the derived dependences, the concentration value was calculated at which the critical value of the foaming layer thickness is achieved, which leads to the ignition of a flammable liquid, and is about 25 %. It has been proven that the process of decelerating the temperature involves the decomposition of a foaming agent under the influence of the temperature, with heat absorption and foam release, the insulation of heat at the surface of the flammable liquid. Given this, it has become possible to define the conditions for protecting flammable liquids using foaming agents by forming a barrier to thermal conductivity. Experimental studies have confirmed that under the influence of water evaporation and foaming agent diffusion into a layer of the flammable liquid, the critical amount of the foaming agent reached a minimum in 606 s and only then the flammable liquid ignited. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of using foaming agents to protect the leaks of flammable liquids, capable of forming a protective layer at the surface of the material. It also becomes possible to establish methods for assessing the insulating capacity of a foaming agent that could inhibit the rate of temperature penetration and the release of flammable liquids' vapors","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86089134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215019
Y. Biletska, Galina Djukareva, A. Nekos, Andrii Husliev, A. Krivtsova, M. Bakirov, V. Polupan, V. Оnyshchenko, Evgenia V. Sokolova
The content of vitamins and microelements in vegetable powders, flour of legumes and in bread made with their use was investigated. The degree of staling of gluten-free bread was determined and, on the basis of the obtained regularities, the timing of the sale of special bread was scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The relevance of the studies carried out is due to the shortage of special dietary consumption products, the under-filling of the market for which is about 23 % of the total production. As a result of the study, it was found that the composition of the powder from carrots of the Daucus carota variety and the powder from the beets of the Beta vulgaris L. variety contained vitamins: А, Е, С, В 1 , В 5 , В 6 , В 9 , В 12 , K, РР and trace elements: Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, I, Se, Zn. Vitamins A, E, C, В 6 , В 9 , В 12 and microelements: Mg, Fe, Cu, I, Se, Zn are found in soy and chickpea flour. The degree of nutrient retention after the manufacture of specialized bread and after 72 hours of storage has been determined. Losses occur in the content of vitamins A, E, C and trace elements Fe, Cu. After 72 hours of storage, the developed types of bread, provided that 100 g per day are consumed, cover 50 % of the daily requirement for fortified vitamins and microelements. It has been established that the terms of sale of the "Protein" bread are 48 hours. The sales terms of "Carrot" and "Beet" bread are 72 hours, the decrease in the degree of staling of the bread is due to the use of vegetable powders (carriers of pectin), which is confirmed by an increase in the hydrophilic properties of the crumb of bread. The established patterns are important for scientists that they are working on the creation of gluten-free bread for dietary nutrition with improved quality indicators during storage, which is one of the priority and urgent tasks of the food industry
{"title":"Investigation of Change of Quality Indicators of Gluten Free Bread During Storage","authors":"Y. Biletska, Galina Djukareva, A. Nekos, Andrii Husliev, A. Krivtsova, M. Bakirov, V. Polupan, V. Оnyshchenko, Evgenia V. Sokolova","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215019","url":null,"abstract":"The content of vitamins and microelements in vegetable powders, flour of legumes and in bread made with their use was investigated. The degree of staling of gluten-free bread was determined and, on the basis of the obtained regularities, the timing of the sale of special bread was scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The relevance of the studies carried out is due to the shortage of special dietary consumption products, the under-filling of the market for which is about 23 % of the total production. As a result of the study, it was found that the composition of the powder from carrots of the Daucus carota variety and the powder from the beets of the Beta vulgaris L. variety contained vitamins: А, Е, С, В 1 , В 5 , В 6 , В 9 , В 12 , K, РР and trace elements: Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, I, Se, Zn. Vitamins A, E, C, В 6 , В 9 , В 12 and microelements: Mg, Fe, Cu, I, Se, Zn are found in soy and chickpea flour. The degree of nutrient retention after the manufacture of specialized bread and after 72 hours of storage has been determined. Losses occur in the content of vitamins A, E, C and trace elements Fe, Cu. After 72 hours of storage, the developed types of bread, provided that 100 g per day are consumed, cover 50 % of the daily requirement for fortified vitamins and microelements. It has been established that the terms of sale of the \"Protein\" bread are 48 hours. The sales terms of \"Carrot\" and \"Beet\" bread are 72 hours, the decrease in the degree of staling of the bread is due to the use of vegetable powders (carriers of pectin), which is confirmed by an increase in the hydrophilic properties of the crumb of bread. The established patterns are important for scientists that they are working on the creation of gluten-free bread for dietary nutrition with improved quality indicators during storage, which is one of the priority and urgent tasks of the food industry","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86696413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：