Zhi-Hai Ke, Meng Mei, Jingxin Liu, Peiyu Du, Bin Zhang, Teng Wang, Si Chen, Jinping Li
Dual-modification of biochar through magnetization and nitrogen-doping greatly enhances the removal performance for Cr(VI). In this study, a novel green deep eutectic solvent (DES) produced by complexing of FeCl 3 and urea was adopted for the first time to assist the facile and efficient preparation of nitrogen-doped magnetic biochar (NMBC) by using peanut shell (PS) as raw stock. The results indicated that FeCl 3 /urea-based DES could act as fine iron and nitrogen sources in the formation of NMBC, and moreover, catalyzed the pyrolysis process and promoted the pore development. The synthesized NMBC could capture Cr(VI) by both physisorption and chemisorption, including pore-filling, electrostatic attraction, ion-exchange, reduction and surface complexation, with removal capacity for Cr(VI) outperforming that of many other reported materials. The present study provides a new idea for the facile and efficient magnetization as well as nitrogen-doping decoration of biochar for Cr(VI) decontamination from water.
{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvent Assisted Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Magnetic Biochar for Hexavalent Chromium Elimination: Mechanism and Performance Insights","authors":"Zhi-Hai Ke, Meng Mei, Jingxin Liu, Peiyu Du, Bin Zhang, Teng Wang, Si Chen, Jinping Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3934300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3934300","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-modification of biochar through magnetization and nitrogen-doping greatly enhances the removal performance for Cr(VI). In this study, a novel green deep eutectic solvent (DES) produced by complexing of FeCl 3 and urea was adopted for the first time to assist the facile and efficient preparation of nitrogen-doped magnetic biochar (NMBC) by using peanut shell (PS) as raw stock. The results indicated that FeCl 3 /urea-based DES could act as fine iron and nitrogen sources in the formation of NMBC, and moreover, catalyzed the pyrolysis process and promoted the pore development. The synthesized NMBC could capture Cr(VI) by both physisorption and chemisorption, including pore-filling, electrostatic attraction, ion-exchange, reduction and surface complexation, with removal capacity for Cr(VI) outperforming that of many other reported materials. The present study provides a new idea for the facile and efficient magnetization as well as nitrogen-doping decoration of biochar for Cr(VI) decontamination from water.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81787204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most recent spectroscopic studies of moving-single bubble sonoluminescence (MSBSL) and multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) have revealed that hydrated electrons (e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$) are generated in MSBSL but absent in MBSL. To explore the mechanism this phenomenon, we numerically simulated the ionization processes in single- and multi-bubble sonoluminescence in aqueous solution of terbium chloride (TbCl$_{3}$). The results show that the maximum degree of ionization of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is approximately 10000 times greater than that of MBSL under certain special physical parameters. The hydrated electrons (e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$) formed in SBSL are far greater than those in MBSL provided these electrons are ejected from a bubble into a liquid. Therefore, the quenching of e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$ to SBSL spectrum is stronger than that of the MBSL spectrum. This may be the reason that the trivalent terbium [Tb(III)] ion line intensities from SBSL in the TbCl$_{3}$ aqueous solutions with the acceptor of e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$ are stronger than those of TbCl$_{3}$ aqueous solutions without the acceptor of e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$, whereas the Tb(III) ion line intensities from MBSL are not variational, which is significant for exploring the mechanism behind the cavitation and sonoluminescence.
{"title":"Computational Simulation of Ionization Processes in Single-Bubble and Multi-Bubble Sonoluminescence","authors":"Jinfu Liang, Weizhong Chen, Yu An","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3904623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3904623","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The most recent spectroscopic studies of moving-single bubble sonoluminescence (MSBSL) and multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) have revealed that hydrated electrons (e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$) are generated in MSBSL but absent in MBSL. To explore the mechanism this phenomenon, we numerically simulated the ionization processes in single- and multi-bubble sonoluminescence in aqueous solution of terbium chloride (TbCl$_{3}$). The results show that the maximum degree of ionization of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is approximately 10000 times greater than that of MBSL under certain special physical parameters. The hydrated electrons (e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$) formed in SBSL are far greater than those in MBSL provided these electrons are ejected from a bubble into a liquid. Therefore, the quenching of e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$ to SBSL spectrum is stronger than that of the MBSL spectrum. This may be the reason that the trivalent terbium [Tb(III)] ion line intensities from SBSL in the TbCl$_{3}$ aqueous solutions with the acceptor of e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$ are stronger than those of TbCl$_{3}$ aqueous solutions without the acceptor of e$_{texttt{aq}}^{-}$, whereas the Tb(III) ion line intensities from MBSL are not variational, which is significant for exploring the mechanism behind the cavitation and sonoluminescence.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80350327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Li, Jiahao Wang, Zheng-Wei Liao, Y. Ueda, K. Yoshikawa, Guoxing Zhang
Traditional cleaning methods involving surfactants and ultrasound generate large amounts of wastewater. Microbubbles offer a more eco-friendly technology for interface cleaning. Here, we explored the efficiency of microbubbles for cleaning oil from metal surfaces. Air microbubbles at concentrations as high as 106 particles/mL were generated by hydrodynamic cavitation. Under optimal conditions, cleaning efficiencies for the removal of oil from carbon-steel and stainless-steel surfaces were 78.5 and 49.8% after 15 min, respectively, compared to only 6.5 and 9.9% without microbubbles. Additionally, combining microbubble treatment with the ultrasonic method achieved a higher efficiency than ultrasonic cleaning alone, achieving an efficiency of 85.5% after 3 min compared to 69.0%. The mechanism of microbubble cleaning was determined using a fluorescence observation system, and a model was established to describe the cleaning process. The use of microbubbles produced less emulsified oil wastewater because the oil that attaches to the microbubble surface floats with the bubbles to the surface of the cleaning water, where it can be removed, allowing for water recycling. This novel microbubble cleaning technology, which both enhances cleaning efficiency and reduces wastewater production, represents a viable and eco-friendly option for degreasing processes.
{"title":"Microbubbles for Effective Cleaning of Metal Surfaces Without Chemical Agents","authors":"Pan Li, Jiahao Wang, Zheng-Wei Liao, Y. Ueda, K. Yoshikawa, Guoxing Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3914052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3914052","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional cleaning methods involving surfactants and ultrasound generate large amounts of wastewater. Microbubbles offer a more eco-friendly technology for interface cleaning. Here, we explored the efficiency of microbubbles for cleaning oil from metal surfaces. Air microbubbles at concentrations as high as 106 particles/mL were generated by hydrodynamic cavitation. Under optimal conditions, cleaning efficiencies for the removal of oil from carbon-steel and stainless-steel surfaces were 78.5 and 49.8% after 15 min, respectively, compared to only 6.5 and 9.9% without microbubbles. Additionally, combining microbubble treatment with the ultrasonic method achieved a higher efficiency than ultrasonic cleaning alone, achieving an efficiency of 85.5% after 3 min compared to 69.0%. The mechanism of microbubble cleaning was determined using a fluorescence observation system, and a model was established to describe the cleaning process. The use of microbubbles produced less emulsified oil wastewater because the oil that attaches to the microbubble surface floats with the bubbles to the surface of the cleaning water, where it can be removed, allowing for water recycling. This novel microbubble cleaning technology, which both enhances cleaning efficiency and reduces wastewater production, represents a viable and eco-friendly option for degreasing processes.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79653708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Yang, Z. Feng, Tianlin Huang, Guilin Wu, A. Godfrey, Xiaoxu Huang
Abstract A gradient nanostructured surface layer was produced in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy (Al 2024) by means of a surface sliding friction treatment carried out at liquid nitrogen temperature. After aging treatment, unprecedented age-hardening was achieved at the surface layer, where microhardness values of >320 HV, more than twice that achievable by conventional precipitation hardening (150 HV), and well above the previously reported maximum value (280 HV) for this alloy, were achieved. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis revealed that the formation of a nanograin structure at the deformed surface layer resulted in enhanced segregation of Cu and Mg during aging to narrowly spaced grain boundaries, with a corresponding suppression of precipitation. The enhanced grain boundary segregation instead of precipitation is considered to be responsible for the substantial age-hardening, although the underlying hardening mechanisms resulting from grain boundary segregation require further investigation.
摘要:采用液氮温度下的表面滑动摩擦处理，在Al- cu - mg合金(Al 2024)表面制备了梯度纳米结构的表面层。时效处理后，在表层实现了前所未有的时效硬化，其显微硬度值>320 HV，是传统沉淀硬化(150 HV)的两倍多，远高于此前报道的合金最大值(280 HV)。透射电镜和原子探针层析成像分析表明，在变形的表面层形成纳米晶粒结构，导致时效过程中Cu和Mg的偏析增强到狭窄的晶界，从而抑制了析出。晶界偏析的增强而不是沉淀被认为是导致大量时效硬化的原因，尽管晶界偏析导致的潜在硬化机制需要进一步研究。
{"title":"Unprecedented Age-Hardening and its Structural Requirement in a Severely Deformed Al-Cu-Mg Alloy","authors":"Ran Yang, Z. Feng, Tianlin Huang, Guilin Wu, A. Godfrey, Xiaoxu Huang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3910595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3910595","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A gradient nanostructured surface layer was produced in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy (Al 2024) by means of a surface sliding friction treatment carried out at liquid nitrogen temperature. After aging treatment, unprecedented age-hardening was achieved at the surface layer, where microhardness values of >320 HV, more than twice that achievable by conventional precipitation hardening (150 HV), and well above the previously reported maximum value (280 HV) for this alloy, were achieved. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis revealed that the formation of a nanograin structure at the deformed surface layer resulted in enhanced segregation of Cu and Mg during aging to narrowly spaced grain boundaries, with a corresponding suppression of precipitation. The enhanced grain boundary segregation instead of precipitation is considered to be responsible for the substantial age-hardening, although the underlying hardening mechanisms resulting from grain boundary segregation require further investigation.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83101306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Parveen, Saman Jafri, H. Khan, S. Tabassum, F. Arjmand
To find out the potential of enantiomeric copper complexes (1S and 1R) as therapeutics, interactions studies with three different biomacromolecules (CT-DNA, tRNA and HSA) were carried out by employing various biophysical viz; absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism, morphological and computational studies. The results revealed an efficient association of complexes 1S and 1R with CT-DNA, tRNA and HSA essentially sustained by non-covalent interactions which were evidenced from Kb and Ksv values. The binding constant values revealed 10-fold greater binding affinity of complexes with tRNA and HSA as compared to CT-DNA; the binding affinity was found in the order tRNA > HSA > CT-DNA. S-enantiomeric complex 1S exhibited higher binding propensity over its R-analog 1R with all three macromolecules. In silico molecular modeling and Hirshfeld studies corroborated well with the spectroscopic results and validated the interaction of complexes 1S and 1R with the biomolecules via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and van der Waal interactions. The results revealed that S-enantiomeric complex 1S is a more avid binder towards all three biological targets and holds a great potential to act as a promising stereospecific chemotherapeutic agent.
{"title":"Elucidating the Interaction of Enantiomeric Cu(Ii) Complexes with DNA, Rna and Hsa: A Comparative Study","authors":"S. Parveen, Saman Jafri, H. Khan, S. Tabassum, F. Arjmand","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3898509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3898509","url":null,"abstract":"To find out the potential of enantiomeric copper complexes (1S and 1R) as therapeutics, interactions studies with three different biomacromolecules (CT-DNA, tRNA and HSA) were carried out by employing various biophysical viz; absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism, morphological and computational studies. The results revealed an efficient association of complexes 1S and 1R with CT-DNA, tRNA and HSA essentially sustained by non-covalent interactions which were evidenced from Kb and Ksv values. The binding constant values revealed 10-fold greater binding affinity of complexes with tRNA and HSA as compared to CT-DNA; the binding affinity was found in the order tRNA > HSA > CT-DNA. S-enantiomeric complex 1S exhibited higher binding propensity over its R-analog 1R with all three macromolecules. In silico molecular modeling and Hirshfeld studies corroborated well with the spectroscopic results and validated the interaction of complexes 1S and 1R with the biomolecules via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and van der Waal interactions. The results revealed that S-enantiomeric complex 1S is a more avid binder towards all three biological targets and holds a great potential to act as a promising stereospecific chemotherapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85838304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, four new copper phthalocyanine complexes were synthesised and studied as electrocatalysts for the detection of catechol. Two of these complexes were derived from a symmetrical benzaldehyde phthalocyanine complex via the condensation of the benzaldehyde substituents with amine reagents. The electrocatalyst proved to be highly stable towards the detection of catechol. The oxidation peaks obtained using cyclic voltammetry range from 0.20 to 0.38 V. Detection limits were obtained via chronoamperometry and are as low as 0.16 µM and fairly high sensitives being obtained. Overall all four copper complexes exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the electrooxidation of catechol.
{"title":"Electrocatalytic Activity of Schiff Base Containing Copper Phthalocyanines Towards the Detection of Catechol: Effect of Heteroatoms and Asymmetry","authors":"Nobuhle Ndebele, P. Şen, T. Nyokong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3869541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3869541","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, four new copper phthalocyanine complexes were synthesised and studied as electrocatalysts for the detection of catechol. Two of these complexes were derived from a symmetrical benzaldehyde phthalocyanine complex via the condensation of the benzaldehyde substituents with amine reagents. The electrocatalyst proved to be highly stable towards the detection of catechol. The oxidation peaks obtained using cyclic voltammetry range from 0.20 to 0.38 V. Detection limits were obtained via chronoamperometry and are as low as 0.16 µM and fairly high sensitives being obtained. Overall all four copper complexes exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the electrooxidation of catechol.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88387563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuhiro Mizuta, Yutaka Hijikata, T. Fujii, Kazuhiro Gokan, K. Kakehi
Abstract Selective laser melting was applied to TiAl4822. Electron beam melting has been a major additive manufacturing process for TiAl4822, but ductility is a technical challenge with EBM. This research investigates the microstructure and the tensile properties of TiAl4822 fabricated by a new SLM machine equipped with a heating unit. The elongation of the SLM specimen was 8.3 times that of the EBM specimen; this was attributable to the γ-phase−based homogeneous fine grains in the SLM.
{"title":"Characterization of Ti-48al-2cr-2nb Built by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"Kazuhiro Mizuta, Yutaka Hijikata, T. Fujii, Kazuhiro Gokan, K. Kakehi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3844698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3844698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Selective laser melting was applied to TiAl4822. Electron beam melting has been a major additive manufacturing process for TiAl4822, but ductility is a technical challenge with EBM. This research investigates the microstructure and the tensile properties of TiAl4822 fabricated by a new SLM machine equipped with a heating unit. The elongation of the SLM specimen was 8.3 times that of the EBM specimen; this was attributable to the γ-phase−based homogeneous fine grains in the SLM.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74333808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In South Africa, the world’s largest land-based manganese reserves occur in an area coincident with high annual solar irradiance. The use of direct concentrating solar thermal treatment, as opposed to fossil fuel based thermal treatment, reduces the CO2 emissions associated with thermal treatment of manganese ores greatly and could open new processing opportunities when scaled up. The application of direct concentrating solar thermal treatment of manganese ores is compared to other thermal treatment methods. The evaluation is based on the results of exploratory on-sun experiments conducted in 2019. Pellets prepared from manganese ores, bentonite binder and charcoal were treated with concentrating solar radiation. The solar treated samples were analyzed to determine changes to their mineralogy with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the solar treated pellets were tested to determine their compressive strength. The pellets did not pass the strength requirement of 500 N/pellet to qualify as feed for submerged arc furnaces. Results from these experiments were then further compared with other thermal treatments of manganese ores such as calcination, nodulizing, pelletizing, sintering and reductive roasting to evaluate the feasibility of applying concentrating solar thermal treatment in these treatment options. The direct concentrating solar thermal treatment was found to strengthen manganese pellets sufficiently to be considered dried and preheated for pelletizing but not cured. Temperatures were achieved suitable for calcination or reductive roasting of manganese ores, where agglomeration is not required.
{"title":"A Comparison of Direct Concentrating Solar Thermal Treatment of Manganese Ores to Fossil Fuel Based Thermal Treatments","authors":"L. Hockaday, Q. Reynolds, C. McGregor, F. Dinter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926254","url":null,"abstract":"In South Africa, the world’s largest land-based manganese reserves occur in an area coincident with high annual solar irradiance. The use of direct concentrating solar thermal treatment, as opposed to fossil fuel based thermal treatment, reduces the CO2 emissions associated with thermal treatment of manganese ores greatly and could open new processing opportunities when scaled up. The application of direct concentrating solar thermal treatment of manganese ores is compared to other thermal treatment methods. The evaluation is based on the results of exploratory on-sun experiments conducted in 2019. Pellets prepared from manganese ores, bentonite binder and charcoal were treated with concentrating solar radiation. The solar treated samples were analyzed to determine changes to their mineralogy with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the solar treated pellets were tested to determine their compressive strength. The pellets did not pass the strength requirement of 500 N/pellet to qualify as feed for submerged arc furnaces. Results from these experiments were then further compared with other thermal treatments of manganese ores such as calcination, nodulizing, pelletizing, sintering and reductive roasting to evaluate the feasibility of applying concentrating solar thermal treatment in these treatment options. The direct concentrating solar thermal treatment was found to strengthen manganese pellets sufficiently to be considered dried and preheated for pelletizing but not cured. Temperatures were achieved suitable for calcination or reductive roasting of manganese ores, where agglomeration is not required.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90210353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dust and fume emissions are a prominent issue in the ferroalloy industry and relevant to both indoor air quality, occupational exposure and outdoor air quality and other environmental effects. Exposure assessment with respect to respirable particles and “total dust” have been demanded from the authorities for years. Recently the focus has widened and exposure assessment focusing on ultrafine particles is in demand. In this study, ultrafine particles are studied in a ferrosilicon smelter. In order to understand the prevalence of ultrafine particles in the workplace environment, five different locations in the production hall were selected and the number concentration and the particle size distributions were investigated by use of stationary instruments. The worker attendance at each location was logged, so that the exposure at each location could be evaluated in accordance to attendance time. Number concentrations for the time periods where workers were present could be calculated. The locations selected were: tapping area, casting area, ladle transport corridor, control room and electrode-weld-on”. The measurement equipment used was a Nanoscan SMPS from TSI, measuring the particle size range 10-420 nm. The dominating size in the tapping areas is 205.4 nm for both furnaces and one SAF has an additional peak is at 11.5-15.4 nm. In the ladle transport area, the dominating particle sizes are 15.4 nm, 27.4 nm and 154 nm. The casting area has a bimodal size distribution and the two peaks are at 15,4 nm and 154 nm. The electrode welding area is very different from the other areas investigated here. The concentrations are significantly higher and the dominating size is 205.4 nm, but with substantial increased contributions in the range 86-365 nm. This paper discusses the findings and explores possible explanations behind the particle size distributions with support in the literature. Different dust and fume sources present in a smelter are discussed.
{"title":"Particle Size Distributions of Airborne Particulate Matter in a Ferrosilicon Smelter","authors":"I. Kero, A. Blom, R. B. Jørgensen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3927700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3927700","url":null,"abstract":"Dust and fume emissions are a prominent issue in the ferroalloy industry and relevant to both indoor air quality, occupational exposure and outdoor air quality and other environmental effects. Exposure assessment with respect to respirable particles and “total dust” have been demanded from the authorities for years. Recently the focus has widened and exposure assessment focusing on ultrafine particles is in demand. In this study, ultrafine particles are studied in a ferrosilicon smelter. In order to understand the prevalence of ultrafine particles in the workplace environment, five different locations in the production hall were selected and the number concentration and the particle size distributions were investigated by use of stationary instruments. The worker attendance at each location was logged, so that the exposure at each location could be evaluated in accordance to attendance time. Number concentrations for the time periods where workers were present could be calculated. The locations selected were: tapping area, casting area, ladle transport corridor, control room and electrode-weld-on”. The measurement equipment used was a Nanoscan SMPS from TSI, measuring the particle size range 10-420 nm. The dominating size in the tapping areas is 205.4 nm for both furnaces and one SAF has an additional peak is at 11.5-15.4 nm. In the ladle transport area, the dominating particle sizes are 15.4 nm, 27.4 nm and 154 nm. The casting area has a bimodal size distribution and the two peaks are at 15,4 nm and 154 nm. The electrode welding area is very different from the other areas investigated here. The concentrations are significantly higher and the dominating size is 205.4 nm, but with substantial increased contributions in the range 86-365 nm. This paper discusses the findings and explores possible explanations behind the particle size distributions with support in the literature. Different dust and fume sources present in a smelter are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84836817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bezugliy, A. Nikolenko, D. Shevchenko, A. N. Ovcharuk, V Iu Kuvaev, V A Bezugliy, O V Zamkovoy
For three-phase six-electrode submerged-arc furnaces, a technical solution has been proposed that allows to determine the contour of an electrode with an arc discharge by analyzing the harmonic spectrum of offset voltage of zero point, created artificially. Researches carried out on an industrial six-electrode furnace which melts ferronickel, have confirmed the possibility of using the proposed method for monitoring and controlling the operating mode of the furnace.
{"title":"Improvement of the Process of Conducting Arc-Free Ferronickel Melting in a Six-Electrode Furnace","authors":"A. Bezugliy, A. Nikolenko, D. Shevchenko, A. N. Ovcharuk, V Iu Kuvaev, V A Bezugliy, O V Zamkovoy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3929902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3929902","url":null,"abstract":"For three-phase six-electrode submerged-arc furnaces, a technical solution has been proposed that allows to determine the contour of an electrode with an arc discharge by analyzing the harmonic spectrum of offset voltage of zero point, created artificially. Researches carried out on an industrial six-electrode furnace which melts ferronickel, have confirmed the possibility of using the proposed method for monitoring and controlling the operating mode of the furnace.","PeriodicalId":9858,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering (Engineering) eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88414666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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