The book-building procedure for selling initial public offerings to investors has captured significant market share from auction alternatives in recent years, despite significantly lower costs in both direct fees and initial underpricing when using the auction mechanism. This Paper shows that in the French market, where the frequency of book-building and auctions was about equal in the 1990s, the ostensible advantages to the issuer using book-building were advertising-related quid pro quo benefits. Specifically, we find that book-built issues were more likely to be followed and positively recommended by the lead underwriters and were also more likely to receive ‘booster shots’ post-issuance if the shares had fallen. Even non-underwriters’ analysts appear to promote book-built issues more, but only when their underwriters stood to gain from acquiring shares in future issues from the recommended firm’s lead underwriter. Book-built issues also appeared to garner more press in general (but only after they had chosen book-building, not before). Yet, we do not observe valuation or return differentials to suggest these types of promotion have any value to the issuing firm. We conclude that underwriters using the book-building procedure have convinced issuers of the questionable value of advertising and promotion of their shares.
{"title":"Quid Pro Quo in Ipos: Why Book-Building is Dominating Auctions","authors":"François Degeorge, F. Derrien, Kent L. Womack","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.668387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.668387","url":null,"abstract":"The book-building procedure for selling initial public offerings to investors has captured significant market share from auction alternatives in recent years, despite significantly lower costs in both direct fees and initial underpricing when using the auction mechanism. This Paper shows that in the French market, where the frequency of book-building and auctions was about equal in the 1990s, the ostensible advantages to the issuer using book-building were advertising-related quid pro quo benefits. Specifically, we find that book-built issues were more likely to be followed and positively recommended by the lead underwriters and were also more likely to receive ‘booster shots’ post-issuance if the shares had fallen. Even non-underwriters’ analysts appear to promote book-built issues more, but only when their underwriters stood to gain from acquiring shares in future issues from the recommended firm’s lead underwriter. Book-built issues also appeared to garner more press in general (but only after they had chosen book-building, not before). Yet, we do not observe valuation or return differentials to suggest these types of promotion have any value to the issuing firm. We conclude that underwriters using the book-building procedure have convinced issuers of the questionable value of advertising and promotion of their shares.","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84178770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the microstructure of the MTS Global Market bond trading system. This system is the largest pan-European interdealer trading system for Eurozone government bonds. We study the volume weighted quoted spread and a variety of effective spread measures for different classes of bond maturities and issuing countries. We find that quoted and effective spreads are related to maturity and trading intensity. Estimated spreads on EuroMTS are typically slightly higher than on the domestic markets, but the difference is small in economic terms. The regression results show that order flow plays a key role in determining the price discovery in the bond market. Transitory costs are more important in markets like Italy and Belgium, which are dominated by local traders. In addition, we find a positive relationship between trading intensity and price returns, indicating findings relevant to the structure of bond markets and interdealer trading.
本文研究了MTS Global Market债券交易系统的微观结构。该系统是欧元区政府债券最大的泛欧交易商间交易系统。我们研究了不同类型债券到期日和发行国家的成交量加权报价价差和各种有效价差措施。我们发现报价价差和有效价差与期限和交易强度有关。EuroMTS的估计息差通常略高于国内市场，但从经济角度来看，两者的差异很小。回归结果表明，订单流在债券市场的价格发现中起着关键作用。在意大利和比利时等由当地贸易商主导的市场，短期成本更为重要。此外，我们发现交易强度与价格回报之间存在正相关关系，这表明研究结果与债券市场结构和交易商间交易有关。
{"title":"Trading European Sovereign Bonds: The Microstructure of the Mts Trading Platforms","authors":"Y. Cheung, B. Rindi, Frank de Jong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.424936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.424936","url":null,"abstract":"We study the microstructure of the MTS Global Market bond trading system. This system is the largest pan-European interdealer trading system for Eurozone government bonds. We study the volume weighted quoted spread and a variety of effective spread measures for different classes of bond maturities and issuing countries. We find that quoted and effective spreads are related to maturity and trading intensity. Estimated spreads on EuroMTS are typically slightly higher than on the domestic markets, but the difference is small in economic terms. The regression results show that order flow plays a key role in determining the price discovery in the bond market. Transitory costs are more important in markets like Italy and Belgium, which are dominated by local traders. In addition, we find a positive relationship between trading intensity and price returns, indicating findings relevant to the structure of bond markets and interdealer trading.","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84153389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Paper reports a new test of capital structure theories. It uses a filtering technique to identify large investment spikes. We find that the spikes are predominantly financed with debt by large firms and by new equity by small loss-making firms. In the process, firms move significantly away from their previous capital structures but then revert back to them by making frequent issues of small amounts of equity. Neither the pecking order nor the trade-off theories on their own provide satisfactory descriptions of these dynamic features of corporate financing.
{"title":"A New Test of Capital Structure","authors":"C. Mayer, Oren Sussman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.643388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.643388","url":null,"abstract":"This Paper reports a new test of capital structure theories. It uses a filtering technique to identify large investment spikes. We find that the spikes are predominantly financed with debt by large firms and by new equity by small loss-making firms. In the process, firms move significantly away from their previous capital structures but then revert back to them by making frequent issues of small amounts of equity. Neither the pecking order nor the trade-off theories on their own provide satisfactory descriptions of these dynamic features of corporate financing.","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72690343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2004.06.011
Lars Norden, Martin Weber
{"title":"Informational Efficiency of Credit Default Swap and Stock Markets: The Impact of Credit Rating Announcements","authors":"Lars Norden, Martin Weber","doi":"10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2004.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2004.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82305934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.5089/9781451847277.001.A001
Luís A. V. Catão, A. Timmermann
An important question in international finance is to what extent stock return volatility is influenced by country location, industry affiliation, and global factors. This Paper develops a new methodology to measure these effects, in which portfolios mimicking ‘pure’ country and industry factors are first constructed and their joint dynamics then modelled as regime-switching processes. Applying this methodology to a uniquely long set of international firm level data, we identify well-defined high and low volatility states over the past 30 years, and show that the contribution of industry and country factors to stock return volatility varies markedly across such states. In particular, we find that the country factor contribution drops markedly when global equity market volatility rises, and that country return correlations become tighter when global and industry factors are both in a high volatility state. Key implications for global portfolio allocation are discussed.
{"title":"Country and Industry Dynamics in Stock Returns","authors":"Luís A. V. Catão, A. Timmermann","doi":"10.5089/9781451847277.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451847277.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"An important question in international finance is to what extent stock return volatility is influenced by country location, industry affiliation, and global factors. This Paper develops a new methodology to measure these effects, in which portfolios mimicking ‘pure’ country and industry factors are first constructed and their joint dynamics then modelled as regime-switching processes. Applying this methodology to a uniquely long set of international firm level data, we identify well-defined high and low volatility states over the past 30 years, and show that the contribution of industry and country factors to stock return volatility varies markedly across such states. In particular, we find that the country factor contribution drops markedly when global equity market volatility rises, and that country return correlations become tighter when global and industry factors are both in a high volatility state. Key implications for global portfolio allocation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to understand the implications for consumption and portfolio choice of the separation of an investor’s risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution that is made possible by recursive utility, in contrast to expected utility, where the two are governed by the same parameter. In particular, we study exactly how risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution affect optimal dynamic consumption and portfolio decisions. For a three-date, discrete-time model with a stochastic interest rate, we obtain an exact analytic solution for the optimal consumption and portfolio policies. We find that, in general, the consumption and portfolio decisions depend on both risk aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Only in the case where the investment opportunity set is constant, is the optimal portfolio weight independent of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. We also find that the size of risk aversion relative to unity determines the sign of the intertemporal hedging component in the optimal portfolio, while elasticity of intertemporal substitution affects only the magnitude of the hedging component.
{"title":"The Role of Risk Aversion and Intertemporal Substitution in Dynamic Consumption-Portfolio Choice with Recursive Utility","authors":"Harjoat S. Bhamra, R. Uppal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.423960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.423960","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to understand the implications for consumption and portfolio choice of the separation of an investor’s risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution that is made possible by recursive utility, in contrast to expected utility, where the two are governed by the same parameter. In particular, we study exactly how risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution affect optimal dynamic consumption and portfolio decisions. For a three-date, discrete-time model with a stochastic interest rate, we obtain an exact analytic solution for the optimal consumption and portfolio policies. We find that, in general, the consumption and portfolio decisions depend on both risk aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Only in the case where the investment opportunity set is constant, is the optimal portfolio weight independent of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. We also find that the size of risk aversion relative to unity determines the sign of the intertemporal hedging component in the optimal portfolio, while elasticity of intertemporal substitution affects only the magnitude of the hedging component.","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89359536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If the private benefits of control are high and management owns a small equity stake, managers and workers are natural allies. There are two forces at play. First, managers effectively transform employees into a “poison pill’’ by signing generous long-term labor contracts and thereby reducing the firm’s attractiveness to a raider. Second, employees act as “white squires’’ for the incumbent managers, lobbying against hostile takeovers to protect the high wages enjoyed under incumbent management. Our model is consistent with available empirical findings, and yields new predictions as well.
{"title":"The Political Economy of Finance","authors":"M. Pagano, P. Volpin","doi":"10.1093/OXREP/17.4.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXREP/17.4.502","url":null,"abstract":"If the private benefits of control are high and management owns a small equity stake, managers and workers are natural allies. There are two forces at play. First, managers effectively transform employees into a “poison pill’’ by signing generous long-term labor contracts and thereby reducing the firm’s attractiveness to a raider. Second, employees act as “white squires’’ for the incumbent managers, lobbying against hostile takeovers to protect the high wages enjoyed under incumbent management. Our model is consistent with available empirical findings, and yields new predictions as well.","PeriodicalId":9906,"journal":{"name":"CEPR: Financial Economics (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76296830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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