Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils最新文献

Restructuring energy supply and demand is one of the essential measures to realize the carbon emissions reduction target. To explore the impact of the restructuring of energy supply and demand on fossil fuel demand under the carbon emissions reduction target, takes China as an example, obtains a data set, and utilizes the elasticity analysis, incremental contribution method, weighted moving average method and scenario analysis to forecast the structure of energy demand and the consumption of fossil fuels. The study results show that the projected values of China’s total energy consumption demand in 2030 and 2035 will be 6300.19-6419.82 million tons of standard coal and 6955.92-7175.29 million tons of traditional coal, respectively. The shares of coal, oil, and natural gas in total energy consumption in 2030 will be 45.68-46.35%, 17.95-18.27%, and 10.71-10.89% respectively; by 2035 the energy structure will be further optimized, and the shares of coal, oil, and natural gas in the total energy consumption will be 39.71-40.53%, 18.07-18.56% and 11.86-12.15%, respectively. Further forecasts of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil consumption in 2030 and 2035 are analyzed in this study.

Deepwater oil and gas wells have complex well body structure, and the multi-layer closed annulus structure formed by free section and sealed section tubing column is easy to absorb heat and generate expansion pressure. In deepwater drilling operation, the rise in temperature of the closed casing annulus is easy to produce the phenomenon of rising annulus pressure, and due to the special characteristics of the underwater wellhead device, it is not possible to release the annulus pressure between the casing, and the high annulus pressure will lead to casing extrusion and deformation, which will seriously threaten the safety and integrity of the wellbore. In order to ensure the smooth progress of deepwater drilling operations and reduce operational risks, corresponding methods and strategies are proposed for the management of annulus pressure in deepwater oil and gas wells. A variety of measures and products have been developed worldwide for engineering measures of annulus pressure management, including optimization of well structure and cementing design, use of rupture discs, foam casing and vacuum tubing, and other measures. This paper analyzes five major categories of prevention methods and control techniques for deepwater oil and gas wells well annulus confinement pressure, which are increasing casing strength (stiffness level, wall thickness), eliminating expanding fluid, blocking heat transfer, balancing fluid thermal expansion and releasing annulus confinement pressure management strategies. Measures to control annulus pressure by increasing casing strength (stiffness level, wall thickness), fully sealing the annulus, vacuum insulated tubing, foam casing, nitrogen foam isolation fluid, non-circumferential pipe shoes and rupture disc casing tools and analyzing their engineering advantages and disadvantages. According to the engineering application experience, the use of rupture disk casing tool to alleviate the annular pressure is currently the most widely used and stable and reliable means in the world. And according to the theoretical knowledge and engineering practice of annular pressure management, the basic strategy of annular pressure management is summarized when rupture disk is adopted as the main means of annular pressure management.

Tight glutenite reservoir structure is complex, mineral types are multi-seepage, and most of them are non-Darcy’s law flows Based on the finite element COMSOL simulation of seepage flow in glutenite water flooding, this chapter mainly explores the influence of several related factors on displacement recovery. With the increase of wetting angle, the wettability makes the porous state of solids and fluids in glutenite stable, so that water can easily push oil out, which leads to the increase of water flooding recovery The higher the injection rate, the higher the water cut in a short time, which makes the oil-water two-phase displacement accelerate and the higher the displacement recovery With the increase of gravel diameter, the oil saturation decreases less and more crude oil is bound by the pore structure surrounded by large particles, which is not conducive to displacement Small gravel particles have little influence on the front of water drive, and there is no obvious dominant channel, which leads to the recovery effect.

As the information age progresses and oilfield production deepens, information technology plays an increasingly pivotal role in oilfield production, scientific research, and management. Data quality and integrity have become key issues in both research and production. This study analyzes the architecture of data quality control methods based on the technical system of the OSDU (Open Subsurface Data Universe) sharing center. A virtual data layer (VDB) is introduced, and the overall architecture of the exploration and development data exchange management platform is constructed through collaborative technology. Employing a systematic design concept, all applications within the data exchange management architecture are organically combined, forming an integrated and cohesive design and development strategy. This research presents a novel approach where the system application is distinctly separated from the database management. This strategy effectively resolves the challenges associated with managing metadata in oilfield exploration. By designing the database and coding specifications, the development and deployment of the system are completed efficiently. The implemented system offers comprehensive functionalities to all oilfield levels, including data storage, auditing, querying, statistical analysis, and data exchange management. It facilitates the seamless exchange of diverse exploration and development data, ensuring scientific data management and establishing a foundation for shared scientific data. This enhances service quality and the level of exploration and development in the field. This paper focuses on the design and development of a data exchange management platform for oilfield exploration and development, using the oil and gas industry as a case study. The analysis of industry demands and technology supply within this context is crucial for advancing the exploration and development capabilities in oilfields.

The results of study of catalytic vacuum gas oil oxycracking process in presence of metal zeolite catalysts are presented. Screening of oxides of 10 modifying transition metals (Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, and W) made it possible to disclose the basic differences in the behavior of the catalytic systems. Based on the data obtained, an activity series were constructed (based on the total yield of light fractions): Mo > Ti > Cr > Ni > Fe >W > V > Cd > Co > Cu. Best results for the target fractions were obtained in the presence of molybdenum, titanium, and vanadium zeolite systems (for 195/200-300°C fractions) and for tungsten-containing system (for hydrocarbon gas). Comparison of vacuum gas oil conversion data obtained under catalytic oxycracking conditions with bond strength of the surface oxygen of the metal oxides made it possible to establish their correspondence and to recommend this criterion for choosing catalysts for the process.

The paper presents the results of cracking of extra-heavy oil in the pore space of a coal additive in a nitrogen atmosphere and in a subcritical aqueous fluid at a temperature of 365°C and a pressure of 17 MPa. The coal additive consisted of an amorphous carbon phase forming a developed microporous structure. An analysis using scanning electron microscopy and adsorption porometry established that a vapor- air modification of the coal additive changes its surface relief and leads to the development of a micro- and mesopore structure. The intrapore space of the modified coal additive contains 38.6 vol % mesopores with a specific surface area of 172 m²/g. The final products of extra-heavy oil cracking with the proposed coal additive are characterized by an increase in the content of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as by an almost complete absence of asphaltenes. The largest hydrocarbon yield was observed during extra-heavy oil cracking in a nitrogen atmosphere. In experiments, asphaltene conversion processes are observed due to the destruction of C–C, C–N, and C–O bonds with the formation of low-boiling compounds and high-carbon substances. The largest yield of aromatic hydrocarbons is observed during cracking in a subcritical aqueous fluid, with the yield of liquid products being reduced due to intensive gas formation. The hydrocarbon composition of gases is dominated by lower alkanes, which indicates the destruction of C–C bonds.

The characteristics of geological reservoirs are an important means to evaluate the feasibility of water injection development. The differences in reservoir characteristics in different regions make it difficult to scale up the promotion of water injection development parameters. A more effective way is to establish efficient water injection development methods and strategies suitable for the region. Therefore, based on the geological characteristics of the Wucangbao Chang 6 and Chang 9 oil reservoirs, the feasibility of water injection development in Wucangbao reservoir is analyzed from several aspects such as interstitial material content, reservoir hydrophilicity, and stress sensitivity. The water injection parameters of Wucangbao Chang 6 and Chang 9 single wells are calculated using methods such as apparent flow rate method, permeability and single well productivity regression method, and stratigraphic series curve regression method, respectively. The water injection parameters are obtained based on the single well production. The results show that the Wucangbao Chang 6 and Chang 9 reservoirs have good water injection feasibility and prospects in terms of sandstone cement, reservoir fluid properties, wettability, and water flooding efficiency; And the production of single well Chang 6 is 1.5-4.0 t/d, while the production of single well Chang 9 is 2.0-4.5 t/d; According to the injection production balance, the initial single well injection volume of the Wucangbao Chang 6 layer is 10 m³, and the initial single well injection volume of the Chang 9 layer is 20 m³, in order to maximize the recovery rate of the reservoir during the dry or low water cut period.

A study was carried out on the effect of the nature of the support, composition of the active phase, and heat treatment conditions on the activity of trimetallic Ni‑Co‑Mo catalysts in the hydrotreating of a mixed diesel fraction. Temperature‑programmed desorption was used to show the effect of the amount and strength of the acid sites of the support on the activity of catalysts with the same elemental composition. We established the nickel‑to‑cobalt as well as phosphorus‑to‑molybdenum ratios in these trimetallic hydrotreating catalysts corresponding to the greatest desulfurization and minimum formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrogenate.

The aim of this study is to investigate the petrological characteristics of the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation reservoirs in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China, and their physical characteristics in order to optimize the strategy of oil and gas exploration and development. Through the collection and analysis of core samples, this study systematically investigated the types, structural characteristics and pore-permeability relationships of the reservoir sandstones by using rock cast thin section analysis, pore structure delineation test by piezomercury method and experimental analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the sandstones in the reservoir of the Sangonghe Formation are dominated by feldspathic feldspathic sandstones and clastic feldspathic sandstones, and the maturity of the compositions is on the low side. The analysis of the rounding degree and cementation degree of the reservoir particles reveals its non-homogeneous characteristics, and the porosity and permeability show obvious positive correlation. Characterization of the pore structure of the reservoir shows that the size and distribution of the pore throat radius significantly affects the permeability, and the change of the throat has a more significant effect on the permeability. The porosity of the upper reservoir in the second section of the Sangonghe Formation ranges from 10.9% to 26.1%, with an average value of 17.6%, and the permeability ranges from 0.13 mD to 159 mD, with an average value of 24.43 mD. The characterization of the phase permeability analysis shows that the relative permeability of the oil phase decreases with the increase of the water saturation, and the relative permeability of the water phase increases, and the bound water saturation of the reservoirs in the study area is generally higher, with a range of 35.6% to 50.2%. 35.6% to 50.2%, with an average value of 41.6%, showing strong hydrophilicity. In summary, the petrological and physical characteristics of the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation reservoirs in the Junggar Basin are analyzed in detail in this study, which provides important geological data and theoretical basis for the exploration and development of oil and gas in this area.

Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves SAPO‑11 were obtained from gels with different silica contents. Silicoaluminophosphates as cubic crystals with 0.5 mm diameter were obtained from gels with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio equal to 0.1, while samples with the ratio SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 0.5 were obtained as extended prisms with 1‑2 mm diameter. Increasing the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio from 0.1 to 0.4 leads a greater amount of acid sites and a decrease in the specific surface. The conversion of a‑methylstyrene as well as the yield of linear dimers and cyclic trimers both increase with an increasing amount of acid sites and greater external surface.