Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils最新文献

This paper addresses the challenge of accurately describing the boundary of deep cavern-type reservoirs. A method is developed to extract diffraction information from the cavern and its boundaries from full wavefield seismic data using PCA wavefield separation technology. The paper describes a method for extracting diffraction information based on post-stack seismic data, and demonstrates the validity of this method in identifying cavern’s boundaries via forward modeling. Subsequently, the method is applied to actual seismic data to extract diffraction information from deep caverns. By separating wavefield information at different scales, the extracted diffraction information can effectively identify the characteristics of cavernous reservoirs and their boundaries. It is verified by examples that the diffraction wave information separation method can provide a more accurate description of the distribution of deep cavern-type reservoirs, which can provide a basis for predicting this type of reservoir.

TIn order to solve the problem of water lock blockage in the wellbore of Daniudi gas field, the main surfactant APG and CG-1, CG-2, WR and other surfactants were used to produce co-energy and synergistic effect through the combination of multiple surfactants. The static properties of the agent were evaluated by measuring the interfacial tension, surface tension and contact Angle of the surfactant system. According to the physicochemical mechanism of the synergistic action of compound surfactants, the water lock of the combination of anionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants is preferred. A new water unlocking agent system for tight gas reservoirs was developed: APG (0.3%) +CG-1(0.2%) +SYH (0.1%) +KCl (2%). The interfacial tension between the system and simulated oil was 9.61·10^-4 mN/m, the surface tension was 18.2 mN/m, and the gas/liquid/solid three-phase contact antenna was 99.4°. Daniudi tight core (core No. 602-14) was used to simulate the process of high temperature and high-pressure water lock damage. The permeability recovery rate after injection of waterproof lock agent is 25.36% compared with water lock damage.

The large-scale exploitation and wanton use of fossil energy have led to the increasing global warming and environmental pollution. The development and utilization of clean energy urgently need to be put on the agenda. At the same time, the development of Internet technology and big data technology is constantly promoting the development and popularization of clean energy. However, Internet information security is the number one factor threatening the development and supply of clean energy in today’s society. Therefore, based on the relevant theories of statistical learning, an evaluation model of information security reliability of clean energy internet based on statistical learning is constructed. At the same time, the reliability of the evaluation model is tested and analyzed. Finally, the role of the evaluation model in the carbon sequestration of natural gas hydrate, the reduction of greenhouse effect and the development of clean energy is analyzed. It is expected to lay a foundation for the efficient development and environmental protection of clean energy (natural gas) through this research. It is found that the predicted results of data transmission by coaxial cable are completely consistent with the actual results, and neither will generate hydrate within 2.5 m from the entrance. Moreover, the reliability of data transmission using coaxial cable is higher than that of wireless transmission. The study also found that the increase of carbon dioxide injection rate will accelerate the decomposition and gas production of hydrate, and it is more obvious in the small range of carbon dioxide injection rate. Considering the development efficiency and burial efficiency, the carbon dioxide injection rate is designed as 20·104 m³/day is the best. At the same time, the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide will become more and more significant with the increase of its concentration, and based on the prediction of the built model, it is found that the replacement rate of natural gas in hydrate by carbon dioxide can reach 92.35%.

Chemical ways of utilising carbon dioxide in the oil and chemical industries to reduce CO₂ emissions and the carbon footprint of the products at various stages of their life, both those tested and used on an industrial scale and those currently under development and pilot testing, are discussed. Authors discuss the prospects for development of appropriate technologies aimed at decarbonization and sustainable development, and the critical factors for deciding on the direction for the production of “green” products using CO₂.

The apatite and zircon fission track (FT) analysis offers the opportunity to reveal the chronology records for Meso-Cenozoic tectonic events in the Northeast of Ordos Basin, China: the Indosinian Epoch tectonic events mainly occurred at (245-235 Ma±) with a peck-age of 240 Ma and (205-195 Ma±) with a peck-age of 200 Ma, corresponding to the parallel unconformity during the Middle and Lower Triassic to Upper Triassic, the angular unconformity during the Late Jurassic to its underling layers. Middle Yanshanian tectonic events occurred at (155-115 Ma±) with a peck-age of 135 Ma, and corresponded to the angular unconformity during Lower Cretaceous to its underling layers. Late Yanshanian to Himalayan tectonic events included at least two episodes, peak-age respectively is (65Ma±) and (20 Ma±). On this basis, we further complete their main elements geochemical analysis. The contents of TiO₂, Fe₂O₃+MgO, Lg (SiO₂ / A1₂O₃) in samples was 0.18-1.02%, 1.23-8.55%, and 0.59-1.04%, respectively. The average was 0.53%, 4.5%, 0.71%, respectively. Based on the discriminant plate of the main element, the transition events of the important sedimentary structure environment in phase two were obtained. The relationship analysis of the tectonic event and the mineralizing chronology revealed that the key tectonic events control reservoir forming time or mineralization time of the coupling coexistence of multiple energy resources in the Northeast of Ordos Basin, and show the collaborative and coupled relationship between the tectonic events and accumulation (mine).

In this paper, the pore structure and methane adsorption properties of the primary structural and tectonic coals of the Handan Jiulong Mine were analyzed using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments and isothermal adsorption tests. The relationship between pore structure and adsorption properties was discussed. The study results show that the total pore volume and specific surface area of the tectonic coal in the Jiulong Mine are larger than those of the primary structural coal. Small pores comprise most of the pore volume in the primary structural coal, followed by micropores and medium pores. The pore volume of the tectonic coal primarily consists of small pores, followed by micropores and medium pores. Micropores and medium pores consist of approximately the same volume. The specific surface area of both the tectonic coal and the primary structural coal is primarily micropores, followed by small, and medium pores. The microporous and small pore structures of the tectonic coal have open pore morphology. The pore shapes are primarily in the shape of ink bottles. The coal sample of primary structural coal contains both open pore morphology and numerous closed pore morphology. The pore shape is mainly columnar. The pressure-boosting adsorption process of coal samples conforms to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of tectonic coals is greater than that of primary structural coals. The adsorption capacity and Langmuir volume (VL) of coal samples decrease with increasing temperature, while the Langmuir pressure (PL) increases with temperature. The larger the pore volume of coal samples, especially the micropore volume, the greater the adsorption capacity, and the richer the specific surface area of micro-pores, creating a more substantial adsorption capacity.

Pile penetration is a very important engineering parameter in pile sinking operation of jacket platform. Insufficient penetration may lead to insufficient bearing capacity of pile foundation, resulting in platform instability and extremely serious safety accidents. In the process of actual pile sinking operation, the penetration is affected by many factors. In this paper, through relevant calculation and analysis, the influencing factors such as internal friction angle, pile diameter, hammer distance and hammer quality are studied, and the influence law of pile penetration is obtained. Finally, relevant suggestions are given in order to provide reference for engineering practice.

Diagenesis is a series of physical and chemical reactions that take place after deposition. Using cores, thin sections, cathode luminescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, inclusions analysis, geochemical analysis and pore permeability data, the diagenesis, and its influence on the tight sandstone reservoir of Xu 2 member in the southwest Sichuan Basin has been analyzed. The reservoirs of the southwest Sichuan Basin mainly consist of feldspathic feldspathic sandstone, feldspathic feldspathic sandstone, and felsic sandstone, with an average porosity of 3.57% and an average permeability of 0.138·10^-3 μm², which are typical tight sandstone reservoirs. The sandstones in the Xu2 member mainly underwent compaction, dissolution, cementation and accounting, and the specific evolution process is compaction , first-phase fracture, first-phase quartz increase, first-phase calcite cementation, second-phase fracture, feldspar and rock chip dissolution, second-phase quartz increase and silica filling, chlorite cementation or illite cementation, second-phase calcite cementation, dissolution, third-phase quartz increase and silica filling, the third stage of carbonate cementation, carbonate accounting for feldspar and quartz- third stage of tectonic fragmentation, late calcite or quartz cementation into rocks. And the rock formation stage is mainly mesodiagenesis B stage. The secondary pores and microfractures are the main reservoir space in the Xu 2 member sandstone reservoirs. Strong compaction and carbonate cementation are the main reasons for the tight sandstone reservoir, and dissolution and fracture are the main constructional effects for the development of the dominant reservoir.

Coal mine water outburst under fluid-solid coupling is a hot topic in coal geology. In this paper, the FLAC 3D simulation method is used to systematically study the water outburst problem of fluid coupling with coal mine floor. The results show that the vertical stress of the floor in the goaf has an obvious downward trend after coal seam excavation. Under the joint influence of mine pressure and bearing water pressure, the working face before the old roof pressure can be affected by two stages: the first stage is the advance pressure compression section on both sides of the working face, and the other stage is the pressure relief expansion section under the goaf. Before the old roof is pressed, the shear stress near the roof and floor is also affected to some extent. The front and rear displacement value of the goaf is negative, which is the result of the advance supporting pressure. The effective thickness of the floor waterproof layer decreases gradually with the advance of the working face. When the working face continues to advance, there will be a risk of water outburst. With the increasing width of the working face, the height of the guide belt increases. Therefore, in the process of mining activities, a variety of factors should be considered comprehensively, and a reasonable width of the working face should be selected to ensure the safety of mining.

The Cambrian system in the Ordos Basin has good exploration potential, and the Zhangxia Formation and the Sanshanzi Formation of the Middle and Upper Cambrian are important targets for the exploration of the Cambrian system. In this paper, the characteristics, genesis and main controlling factors of the Zhangxia Formation and the Sanshanzi Formation reservoir are studied through field section observation, thin section observation, drilling and geophysical logging data combined with experimental analysis data. The reservoir space types of the Cambrian carbonate rocks in the Ordos Basin mainly include intercrystalline pores, intercrystalline dissolution pores, dissolution pores, dissolution sutures and dissolution fractures, among which intercrystalline dissolution pores, dissolution pores and dissolution fractures constitute the most important reservoir space type. There are three reservoir types: pore type, fracture - dissolution cavity type and fracture type. The development of Cambrian strata in Ordos Basin is mainly controlled by three factors: high-energy sedimentary facies zone, epigenetic diagenesis and tectonic movement. Granular beach facies and dolomite tidal flat facies are favorable zones for reservoir development in Zhangxia Formation and Sanshanzi Formation. The fault zone in the basin provides a migration channel for late hydrothermal fluid, which can significantly improve reservoir performance. Tectonic fracture itself is an effective pore system, which becomes the migration channel of geological fluid, and also plays a role in communicating pores, which plays a positive role in reservoir.