Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.2298/hemind201201016k
E. Kostić, M. Vujović, B. Milosavljevic
A simple, cost-effective and fast headspace gas chromatography method coupled with flame ionization detection (HS-GC/FID) for determination of ethanol was developed and validated for clinical and forensic toxicology purposes. HS-GC/FID is often used for alcohol determination in different biological and non-biological samples. The calibration dependence of the method was linear in the range from 0.15 to 4.00 g dm-3 (r2=0.999) with adequate accuracy (99?106 %) and precision. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.006 g dm-3. The method was quantitative (LOQ) above 0.020 g dm-3. The new method was successfully used for determination of ethanol in biological samples of intoxicated patients, car accidents participants, participants in criminal acts, and postmortem samples, non-biological samples such as alcoholic beverages, alcohol-based herbal preparations, cosmetic preparations, etc. This method is easy to perform, making it suitable not only for the routine applications in clinical biochemistry and forensic laboratories, but also in different fields of industry (e.g. for pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, dietary supplements, etc.). Some of the applications for ethanol determination in different samples related to various clinical-forensic cases are presented.
建立了一种简单、经济、快速的顶空气相色谱-火焰电离检测(HS-GC/FID)测定乙醇的方法，并对其进行了验证，用于临床和法医毒理学目的。HS-GC/FID常用于不同生物和非生物样品的酒精含量测定。该方法在0.15 ~ 4.00 g dm-3范围内呈线性关系(r2=0.999)，准确度为99?106%)和精度。检测限(LOD)为0.006 g dm-3。该方法定量限在0.020 g dm-3以上。该方法可成功地用于醉酒病人、车祸参与者、犯罪行为参与者、尸体样品、非生物样品(如酒精饮料、酒精类中草药制剂、化妆品制剂等)中乙醇的测定。该方法操作简单，不仅适用于临床生物化学和法医实验室的常规应用，而且适用于不同的工业领域(如药物制剂、化妆品、膳食补充剂等)。一些应用乙醇测定在不同的样品相关的各种临床法医案件提出。
{"title":"Validation of a method for ethanol analysis in biological and non-biological samples and its toxicological application","authors":"E. Kostić, M. Vujović, B. Milosavljevic","doi":"10.2298/hemind201201016k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/hemind201201016k","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, cost-effective and fast headspace gas chromatography method coupled with flame ionization detection (HS-GC/FID) for determination of ethanol was developed and validated for clinical and forensic toxicology purposes. HS-GC/FID is often used for alcohol determination in different biological and non-biological samples. The calibration dependence of the method was linear in the range from 0.15 to 4.00 g dm-3 (r2=0.999) with adequate accuracy (99?106 %) and precision. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.006 g dm-3. The method was quantitative (LOQ) above 0.020 g dm-3. The new method was successfully used for determination of ethanol in biological samples of intoxicated patients, car accidents participants, participants in criminal acts, and postmortem samples, non-biological samples such as alcoholic beverages, alcohol-based herbal preparations, cosmetic preparations, etc. This method is easy to perform, making it suitable not only for the routine applications in clinical biochemistry and forensic laboratories, but also in different fields of industry (e.g. for pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, dietary supplements, etc.). Some of the applications for ethanol determination in different samples related to various clinical-forensic cases are presented.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89660415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.2298/hemind210112017p
A. E. Pavlycheva, S. E. Pikalov, G. Selivanov
This paper presents results of comparative studies of environmental safety of ceramic materials, based on a low-plasticity clay with the introduction of galvanic sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide in 3 different combinations. The experimental samples were manufactured under 15 MPa pressing pressure and at the maximum firing temperature of 1050 oC. Prior to the toxicological experiments, diurnal extracts of the materials into the model neutral and acidic media were obtained. The toxicological safety was determined by using the Daphnia mortality method, and by comparing the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for drinking and household water with the heavy metals? concentrations in diurnal extracts. The presented data show that the combined introduction of all the investigated additives results in the glazing effect of ceramic particles surfaces so that an environmentally safe material can be produced that exhibits sufficiently high-performance properties. The use of low-plastic clay and electroplating sludge expands the raw material base for producing ceramics and allows the disposal of environmentally hazardous compounds of heavy metals contained in electroplating sludge. Ceramic materials based on the developed charge composition can be used for producing items for external cladding for buildings and structures.
{"title":"Glazing effect for producing environmentally friendly ceramics for cladding applications","authors":"A. E. Pavlycheva, S. E. Pikalov, G. Selivanov","doi":"10.2298/hemind210112017p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/hemind210112017p","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of comparative studies of environmental safety of\u0000 ceramic materials, based on a low-plasticity clay with the introduction of\u0000 galvanic sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide in 3 different\u0000 combinations. The experimental samples were manufactured under 15 MPa\u0000 pressing pressure and at the maximum firing temperature of 1050 oC. Prior to\u0000 the toxicological experiments, diurnal extracts of the materials into the\u0000 model neutral and acidic media were obtained. The toxicological safety was\u0000 determined by using the Daphnia mortality method, and by comparing the\u0000 maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for drinking and\u0000 household water with the heavy metals? concentrations in diurnal extracts.\u0000 The presented data show that the combined introduction of all the\u0000 investigated additives results in the glazing effect of ceramic particles\u0000 surfaces so that an environmentally safe material can be produced that\u0000 exhibits sufficiently high-performance properties. The use of low-plastic\u0000 clay and electroplating sludge expands the raw material base for producing\u0000 ceramics and allows the disposal of environmentally hazardous compounds of\u0000 heavy metals contained in electroplating sludge. Ceramic materials based on\u0000 the developed charge composition can be used for producing items for\u0000 external cladding for buildings and structures.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81884439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND200915010V
Ana Volarić, Z. Svirčev, Dragana Tamindžija, D. Radnović
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, due to metal ions persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity. There are many conventional physical and chemical techniques traditionally used for environmental clean-up. Due to several drawbacks regarding these methods, the use of living organisms, or bioremediation, is becoming more prevalent. Biotechnological application of microorganisms is already successfully implemented and is in constant development, with many microbial strains successfully removing heavy metals. This paper provides an overview of the main heavy metal characteristics and describes the interactions with microorganisms. Key heavy metal resistance mechanisms in microorganisms are described, as well as the main principles and types of heavy metal bioremediation methods, with details on successful pilot scale bioreactor studies. Special attention should be given to indigenous bacteria isolated from the polluted environments since such species are already adapted to contamination and possess resistance mechanisms. Utilization of bacterial biofilms or consortia could be advantageous due to higher resistance and a combination of several metabolic pathways, and thus, the possibility to remove several heavy metals simultaneously. Novel technologies covered in this review, such as nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and metagenomics, are being introduced to the field of bioremediation in order to improve the process. To conclude, bioremediation is a potentially powerful solution for cleaning the environment.
{"title":"Microbial bioremediation of heavy metals","authors":"Ana Volarić, Z. Svirčev, Dragana Tamindžija, D. Radnović","doi":"10.2298/HEMIND200915010V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND200915010V","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, due\u0000 to metal ions persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity. There are many\u0000 conventional physical and chemical techniques traditionally used for\u0000 environmental clean-up. Due to several drawbacks regarding these methods,\u0000 the use of living organisms, or bioremediation, is becoming more prevalent.\u0000 Biotechnological application of microorganisms is already successfully\u0000 implemented and is in constant development, with many microbial strains\u0000 successfully removing heavy metals. This paper provides an overview of the\u0000 main heavy metal characteristics and describes the interactions with\u0000 microorganisms. Key heavy metal resistance mechanisms in microorganisms are\u0000 described, as well as the main principles and types of heavy metal\u0000 bioremediation methods, with details on successful pilot scale bioreactor\u0000 studies. Special attention should be given to indigenous bacteria isolated\u0000 from the polluted environments since such species are already adapted to\u0000 contamination and possess resistance mechanisms. Utilization of bacterial\u0000 biofilms or consortia could be advantageous due to higher resistance and a\u0000 combination of several metabolic pathways, and thus, the possibility to\u0000 remove several heavy metals simultaneously. Novel technologies covered in\u0000 this review, such as nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and metagenomics,\u0000 are being introduced to the field of bioremediation in order to improve the\u0000 process. To conclude, bioremediation is a potentially powerful solution for\u0000 cleaning the environment.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84306813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND201027004B
Nemanja Bojanić, Aleksandar Fišteš, T. Došenović, A. Takaci, M. Brdar, K. Yoneda, D. Rakic
A method based on the reverse breakage matrix approach is proposed for controlling the effects that milling has on the particle size distribution and composition of the comminuted material. Applicability, possibilities, and limitations of the proposed method are tested on examples related to the process of wheat flour milling. It has been shown that the reverse matrix approach can be successfully used for defining the particle size distribution of the input material leading to the desired, predetermined particle size and compositional distribution in the output material. Moreover, we have illustrated that it is possible to simultaneously control both, input and output particle size distribution, together with the composition of the output material.
{"title":"Control of the size and compositional distributions in a milling process by using a reverse breakage matrix approach","authors":"Nemanja Bojanić, Aleksandar Fišteš, T. Došenović, A. Takaci, M. Brdar, K. Yoneda, D. Rakic","doi":"10.2298/HEMIND201027004B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND201027004B","url":null,"abstract":"A method based on the reverse breakage matrix approach is proposed for controlling the effects that milling has on the particle size distribution and composition of the comminuted material. Applicability, possibilities, and limitations of the proposed method are tested on examples related to the process of wheat flour milling. It has been shown that the reverse matrix approach can be successfully used for defining the particle size distribution of the input material leading to the desired, predetermined particle size and compositional distribution in the output material. Moreover, we have illustrated that it is possible to simultaneously control both, input and output particle size distribution, together with the composition of the output material.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79202571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Popović, M. Popović, Milanka Djiporović-Momčilović, Ana Prahin, V. Dodevski, Ivana Gavrilović-Grmuša
Particles of beech wood were treated with hot water at the temperature of 150 oC, during 60 min, prior to the pelleting process. The applied hot water pretreatment affected the chemical composition and heating value of particles. Two groups of pellets, designated as PT 10 and PT 20, were produced from treated beech particles, with the moisture content of particles being 10.5 and 20.5 %, respectively. Pellets from nontreated beech particles (PNT) served as controls to assess the hot water pretreatment effects on the pellet properties. Both, the applied pretreatment, and the particle moisture content, affected properties of the obtained pellets. The heating value of PT 10 ad PT 20 pellets has increased for ~6 and 1 %, respectively. The mineral (ash) content in treated pellets decreased for about 24 % in comparison to that in PNT pellets. In addition, the bulk (apparent) density of pellets has increased for 21 % (PT 10) and 10 % (PT 20), as a consequence of the hot water pretreatment of particles. The specific density of PT 10 pellets was for 16 % higher, while the equilibrium moisture content (after conditioning at RH 68 % and 20.1?C) was for about 32 % lower in comparison to the respective properties of PNT pellets.
{"title":"Effects of water pretreatment on properties of pellets made from beech particles","authors":"J. Popović, M. Popović, Milanka Djiporović-Momčilović, Ana Prahin, V. Dodevski, Ivana Gavrilović-Grmuša","doi":"10.2298/HEMIN191224007P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIN191224007P","url":null,"abstract":"Particles of beech wood were treated with hot water at the temperature of 150\u0000 oC, during 60 min, prior to the pelleting process. The applied hot water\u0000 pretreatment affected the chemical composition and heating value of\u0000 particles. Two groups of pellets, designated as PT 10 and PT 20, were\u0000 produced from treated beech particles, with the moisture content of\u0000 particles being 10.5 and 20.5 %, respectively. Pellets from nontreated beech\u0000 particles (PNT) served as controls to assess the hot water pretreatment\u0000 effects on the pellet properties. Both, the applied pretreatment, and the\u0000 particle moisture content, affected properties of the obtained pellets. The\u0000 heating value of PT 10 ad PT 20 pellets has increased for ~6 and 1 %,\u0000 respectively. The mineral (ash) content in treated pellets decreased for\u0000 about 24 % in comparison to that in PNT pellets. In addition, the bulk\u0000 (apparent) density of pellets has increased for 21 % (PT 10) and 10 % (PT\u0000 20), as a consequence of the hot water pretreatment of particles. The\u0000 specific density of PT 10 pellets was for 16 % higher, while the equilibrium\u0000 moisture content (after conditioning at RH 68 % and 20.1?C) was for about\u0000 32 % lower in comparison to the respective properties of PNT pellets.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90716483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND201116013S
Ivana Zoran Šekler, Sunčica Vještica, V. Jankovic, S. Stefanović, V. Ristić
A perennial plant Miscanthus x giganteus has found its habitat and multiple applications in Europe, despite the fact that it originates from Asia. This study presents the potential use of this plant in new lightweight concrete materials so-called bio-concretes. The above-ground part of the plant was harvested, dried, crushed, and mixed with binders in different proportions. After casting and drying, the samples were characterized physical and mechanical properties. The results have shown that the sample with a higher content of binders while smaller miscanthus granulation and casted in molds under higher pressure exhibited the highest values of the compressive strength and density. In specific, the density was in the order of magnitude of that reported for other types of lightweight concrete with organic fillers, such as sawdust-based concrete ("Durisol"), which further justifies the use of miscanthus for these purposes.
一种多年生植物芒草(Miscanthus x giganteus)在欧洲找到了它的栖息地和多种用途，尽管它起源于亚洲。这项研究展示了这种植物在新型轻质混凝土材料——生物混凝土中的潜在用途。植物的地上部分被收获，干燥，粉碎，并与不同比例的粘合剂混合。在浇注和干燥后，对样品的物理力学性能进行了表征。结果表明，黏结剂含量高、芒粒量小、浇铸压力高的样品抗压强度和密度最高。具体而言，密度与其他类型的轻质混凝土报告的有机填料，如木屑基混凝土(“Durisol”)的数量级相当，这进一步证明了将芒草用于这些目的是合理的。
{"title":"Miscanthus x giganteus as a building material - lightweight concrete","authors":"Ivana Zoran Šekler, Sunčica Vještica, V. Jankovic, S. Stefanović, V. Ristić","doi":"10.2298/HEMIND201116013S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND201116013S","url":null,"abstract":"A perennial plant Miscanthus x giganteus has found its habitat and multiple applications in Europe, despite the fact that it originates from Asia. This study presents the potential use of this plant in new lightweight concrete materials so-called bio-concretes. The above-ground part of the plant was harvested, dried, crushed, and mixed with binders in different proportions. After casting and drying, the samples were characterized physical and mechanical properties. The results have shown that the sample with a higher content of binders while smaller miscanthus granulation and casted in molds under higher pressure exhibited the highest values of the compressive strength and density. In specific, the density was in the order of magnitude of that reported for other types of lightweight concrete with organic fillers, such as sawdust-based concrete (\"Durisol\"), which further justifies the use of miscanthus for these purposes.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88217661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND201204014S
M. Sovilj, Momčilo Đ. Spasojević
This work provides a review of hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer in the K?hni extraction columns. The experiments, as reported in the literature, were performed in the presence and absence of mass transfer. The results showed that the Sauter mean drop diameter was strongly affected by the rotor speed and interfacial tension, whereas the effects of the dispersed and continuous velocities were negligible. Empirical correlations for the Sauter mean drop diameter, taken from the literature, were discussed. It was experimentally determined that the dispersed-phase holdup depended to a great extent on the rotor speed, mass transfer direction between the phases, physical characteristics of fluids in the liquid-liquid system, and the dispersed-phase flowrate whereas it increased with the increase in mixing in the two-phase system and the ratio of phase flowrates. On the other hand, it has been shown that the mass transfer rate increases with increasing the level of back mixing. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient depends on the rotor speed and the direction of mass transfer between the phases. At the same time, it has been shown that the mass transfer coefficient depends relatively little on the phase flowrates. An empirical correlation was proposed for prediction of the overall mass transfer coefficient based on dimensionless numbers. Also, novel empirical correlations for prediction of the Sherwood number in the continuous phase were presented based on the dispersed-phase holdup, Reynolds number, and mass transfer direction between the phases. Empirical correlations based on dimensionless numbers can be considered as a useful tool for the design of the K?hni columns.
{"title":"Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in Kühni extraction columns","authors":"M. Sovilj, Momčilo Đ. Spasojević","doi":"10.2298/HEMIND201204014S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND201204014S","url":null,"abstract":"This work provides a review of hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer in the K?hni extraction columns. The experiments, as reported in the literature, were performed in the presence and absence of mass transfer. The results showed that the Sauter mean drop diameter was strongly affected by the rotor speed and interfacial tension, whereas the effects of the dispersed and continuous velocities were negligible. Empirical correlations for the Sauter mean drop diameter, taken from the literature, were discussed. It was experimentally determined that the dispersed-phase holdup depended to a great extent on the rotor speed, mass transfer direction between the phases, physical characteristics of fluids in the liquid-liquid system, and the dispersed-phase flowrate whereas it increased with the increase in mixing in the two-phase system and the ratio of phase flowrates. On the other hand, it has been shown that the mass transfer rate increases with increasing the level of back mixing. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient depends on the rotor speed and the direction of mass transfer between the phases. At the same time, it has been shown that the mass transfer coefficient depends relatively little on the phase flowrates. An empirical correlation was proposed for prediction of the overall mass transfer coefficient based on dimensionless numbers. Also, novel empirical correlations for prediction of the Sherwood number in the continuous phase were presented based on the dispersed-phase holdup, Reynolds number, and mass transfer direction between the phases. Empirical correlations based on dimensionless numbers can be considered as a useful tool for the design of the K?hni columns.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"2 1","pages":"14-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89851715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2298/hemind210701027m
B. Marković, Dragan M. Randjelovic, G. Jovanović, G. Tomović, K. Jakovljević, Tomica Mišljenović, M. Sokić
Phytomining is a new promising technique that is based on using hyperaccumulating plants which biomass is utilized as a bio-ore for metal extraction. The Ni-hyperaccumulating species Odontarrhena muralis is widely distributed on ultramafic soils in Serbia, and could be a promising candidate for Ni agromining. In the present study, efficiency of a hydrometallurgical process for Ni recovery using biomass of O. muralis wild population through the synthesis of Ni salts from plant ash in the form of ammonium nickel sulfate hexahydrate, Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2 6H2O ? (ANSH) was assessed. The average Ni content in the plant from ultramafic sites in West Serbia was up to 3.300 g kg-1. The mass yield of ANSH crystals from the crude ash was ~12 % with the average purity of 73 % were obtained. By optimizing the purification process before precipitation of ANSH crystals, it is possible to obtain salt crystals of higher purity, which increases the economic profitability of this process. The results of this preliminary study on wild population of O. muralis show the increased potential for implementation of phytomining practices as an alternative way of Ni extraction on ultramafic sites in Serbia.
植物采矿是一种极具发展前景的新技术，它是以超富集植物为基础，利用生物质作为生物矿石进行金属提取。在塞尔维亚超镁质土壤中广泛分布有镍超富集物种，是一个很有前途的镍农业开采候选物种。在本研究中，通过从植物灰中合成六水硫酸镍铵、Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2 6H2O ?(ANSH)进行评估。在塞尔维亚西部的ultramafic站点中，平均镍含量高达3.300 g kg-1。从粗灰分中得到的ANSH晶体的质量收率为~ 12%，平均纯度为73%。通过优化ANSH结晶沉淀前的提纯工艺，可以获得更高纯度的盐结晶，提高了该工艺的经济效益。本初步研究结果表明，在塞尔维亚的超镁铁遗址上，采用植物提取方法作为镍提取的一种替代方法具有更大的潜力。
{"title":"Extraction of ammonium nickel sulfate hexahydrate by hydrometallurgical process from the hyperaccumulating plant Odontarrhena muralis – case study from Serbia","authors":"B. Marković, Dragan M. Randjelovic, G. Jovanović, G. Tomović, K. Jakovljević, Tomica Mišljenović, M. Sokić","doi":"10.2298/hemind210701027m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/hemind210701027m","url":null,"abstract":"Phytomining is a new promising technique that is based on using hyperaccumulating plants which biomass is utilized as a bio-ore for metal extraction. The Ni-hyperaccumulating species Odontarrhena muralis is widely distributed on ultramafic soils in Serbia, and could be a promising candidate for Ni agromining. In the present study, efficiency of a hydrometallurgical process for Ni recovery using biomass of O. muralis wild population through the synthesis of Ni salts from plant ash in the form of ammonium nickel sulfate hexahydrate, Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2 6H2O ? (ANSH) was assessed. The average Ni content in the plant from ultramafic sites in West Serbia was up to 3.300 g kg-1. The mass yield of ANSH crystals from the crude ash was ~12 % with the average purity of 73 % were obtained. By optimizing the purification process before precipitation of ANSH crystals, it is possible to obtain salt crystals of higher purity, which increases the economic profitability of this process. The results of this preliminary study on wild population of O. muralis show the increased potential for implementation of phytomining practices as an alternative way of Ni extraction on ultramafic sites in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87837081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND210105011Z
F. Živić, N. Grujovic, S. Mitrovic, J. Tanaskovic, P. Todorovic
This paper presents microstructural properties and damage behaviour of a vacuum mixed poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, during the sliding contact with AISI 316L stainless steel, under micro-loads. Influence of the Ringer's solution on the wear was analysed in comparison to dry contact. The variation of load did not produce any significant change of the wear factor while the increase in the sliding speed induced significant increases in the wear factor, more pronounced in the case of dry sliding. The obtained wear factors were in average higher for the sliding in Ringer's solution than those obtained under dry conditions. Significant fragmentation of the worn tracks, of irregular shapes with broken edges, was observed, slightly more pronounced for the dry contact. Many cavities and voids were formed on the wear track surface, but they did not extend into the bulk material. Higher loads produced more uniform and less fragmented wear tracks. Abrasive, adhesive wear and plastic deformation grooves were observed, as well as fatigue and erosive wear. Fatigue cracks developed in the direction normal to sliding. Network of fine craze cracks was exhibited on the surface of wear tracks, especially pronounced in the case of dry sliding. These results are important since they contribute to understanding the sites of crack initiation, and development mechanisms on the surface of PMMA bone cements, also including synergistic effects of physiological environments pertaining to the non-steady crack and craze behaviour and crack pattern development in PMMA.
{"title":"Influence of the ringer's solution on wear of vacuum mixed poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement in reciprocating sliding contact with AISI 316l stainless steel","authors":"F. Živić, N. Grujovic, S. Mitrovic, J. Tanaskovic, P. Todorovic","doi":"10.2298/HEMIND210105011Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND210105011Z","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents microstructural properties and damage behaviour of a vacuum mixed poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, during the sliding contact with AISI 316L stainless steel, under micro-loads. Influence of the Ringer's solution on the wear was analysed in comparison to dry contact. The variation of load did not produce any significant change of the wear factor while the increase in the sliding speed induced significant increases in the wear factor, more pronounced in the case of dry sliding. The obtained wear factors were in average higher for the sliding in Ringer's solution than those obtained under dry conditions. Significant fragmentation of the worn tracks, of irregular shapes with broken edges, was observed, slightly more pronounced for the dry contact. Many cavities and voids were formed on the wear track surface, but they did not extend into the bulk material. Higher loads produced more uniform and less fragmented wear tracks. Abrasive, adhesive wear and plastic deformation grooves were observed, as well as fatigue and erosive wear. Fatigue cracks developed in the direction normal to sliding. Network of fine craze cracks was exhibited on the surface of wear tracks, especially pronounced in the case of dry sliding. These results are important since they contribute to understanding the sites of crack initiation, and development mechanisms on the surface of PMMA bone cements, also including synergistic effects of physiological environments pertaining to the non-steady crack and craze behaviour and crack pattern development in PMMA.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79399207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2298/HEMIND210114012M
Slavica Mihajlović, N. Djordjevic, M. Jovanović, M. Vlahović, Ljubinko Savić, A. Patarić, M. Blagojev
This work presents a grinding process of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as an active component in a powder fire extinguisher (PFE). The aim was to determine the grinding time for reaching the optimal particle size of MAP necessary for permanent fire extinguishing. MAP grinding was performed by using a laboratory ceramic ball mill and a vibrating cup mill. The grinding process was controlled by sieving using a 100 ?m sieve at precisely defined time intervals. The efficiency of a PFE depends on the share of the -100 ?m fraction of the active component, which has to exceed 60 %. The optimal grain size with 64 % of fraction of particle size -100 ?m was obtained after 33 min of grinding of ?3000 ?m mm grain size MAP by using a ball mill (single-stage grinding). In two-stage process, by grinding the same initial MAP sample (?3000 ?m) in the vibro mill for 10 min, powder with the upper limit grain size of 300 ?m and the mean grain diameter of 120 ?m was obtained. This sample with a reduced size was further ground in the ceramic ball mill yielding 67.5 % of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m after 19 min. The total time of the two-stage grinding process was 29 min. By analyzing the grinding time of MAP required to get the lowest required share of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m that provides the effectiveness of formed PFE it can be concluded that 64 % of this fraction was obtained after 33 min of single-stage grinding, while only after 26 min in the two-stage process. Thus, the grinding time was reduced by 7 min indicating certain energy savings. Stability and hydrophobicity of the obtained PFE were achieved by coating with magnesium stearate (MgSt) at the content of 2 % in a ball mill for 15 min. The coating was confirmed by the standardized procedure for verification of PFE hydrophobic properties in contact with water drops. To obtained PFE had component mass ratios of MAP:AS:CC:QS:MgSt=55:20:18:5:2 (AS-ammonium sulfate; CC-calcium carbonate, QS-quartz sand) and was further characterized by chemical and granulometric analyses. The fire extinguishing efficiency of the PFE was tested in controlled conditions, whereby fires were initiated by burning solid materials and flammable liquids. In both cases, immediate elimination of flames was achieved, thus proving the efficiency of the PFE obtained in this work for practical applications.
{"title":"Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher","authors":"Slavica Mihajlović, N. Djordjevic, M. Jovanović, M. Vlahović, Ljubinko Savić, A. Patarić, M. Blagojev","doi":"10.2298/HEMIND210114012M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND210114012M","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a grinding process of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as an active component in a powder fire extinguisher (PFE). The aim was to determine the grinding time for reaching the optimal particle size of MAP necessary for permanent fire extinguishing. MAP grinding was performed by using a laboratory ceramic ball mill and a vibrating cup mill. The grinding process was controlled by sieving using a 100 ?m sieve at precisely defined time intervals. The efficiency of a PFE depends on the share of the -100 ?m fraction of the active component, which has to exceed 60 %. The optimal grain size with 64 % of fraction of particle size -100 ?m was obtained after 33 min of grinding of ?3000 ?m mm grain size MAP by using a ball mill (single-stage grinding). In two-stage process, by grinding the same initial MAP sample (?3000 ?m) in the vibro mill for 10 min, powder with the upper limit grain size of 300 ?m and the mean grain diameter of 120 ?m was obtained. This sample with a reduced size was further ground in the ceramic ball mill yielding 67.5 % of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m after 19 min. The total time of the two-stage grinding process was 29 min. By analyzing the grinding time of MAP required to get the lowest required share of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m that provides the effectiveness of formed PFE it can be concluded that 64 % of this fraction was obtained after 33 min of single-stage grinding, while only after 26 min in the two-stage process. Thus, the grinding time was reduced by 7 min indicating certain energy savings. Stability and hydrophobicity of the obtained PFE were achieved by coating with magnesium stearate (MgSt) at the content of 2 % in a ball mill for 15 min. The coating was confirmed by the standardized procedure for verification of PFE hydrophobic properties in contact with water drops. To obtained PFE had component mass ratios of MAP:AS:CC:QS:MgSt=55:20:18:5:2 (AS-ammonium sulfate; CC-calcium carbonate, QS-quartz sand) and was further characterized by chemical and granulometric analyses. The fire extinguishing efficiency of the PFE was tested in controlled conditions, whereby fires were initiated by burning solid materials and flammable liquids. In both cases, immediate elimination of flames was achieved, thus proving the efficiency of the PFE obtained in this work for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":9933,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry","volume":"21 1","pages":"12-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73835334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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