Advanced Agrochem最新文献

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemical substances that imitate the functions of phytohormones to enhance the crop yield and the harvest process. Phenylurea-derived plant growth regulators are known for their excellent efficacy in promoting fruit growth, particularly in kiwifruit, grapes, and melons. Phenylurea derivatives represent one class of the highly efficient and versatile PGRs. Specifically, forchlorfenuron (CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N′-phenylurea) exhibits similar growth-regulating efficacy to cytokinins and has a significant impact on the plant growth and the crop yield. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring the incorporation of various phenylurea moieties into agrochemicals to enhance their regulatory properties on crops. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on representative synthetic approaches for phenylurea derived PGRs. Additionally, we provide our perspective on the future development in this active research field.

A novel coated urea (MVCU) was prepared, and its application effect was verified by field trials of oilseed rape in three main cultivation areas. Meanwhile, the nutrient release and coating layer changes of MVCU in static water at 25 °C and different soils were systematically evaluated. MVCU showed a long nutrient release time under static water (77 days) and soil incubation (140 days) conditions due to the slow degradation of the coating layer in MVCU, and its nitrogen release coincided well with oilseed rape nitrogen demand. The above results were further confirmed by FT-IR spectra and SEM analysis. Compared with conventional urea (U), the field trials of MVCU in the three main cultivation areas showed high nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield advantages in oilseed rape. The field trials results indicated that the MVCU significantly enhanced the aboveground dry matter (28.7%), the seed nitrogen concentration (9.5%) and aboveground nitrogen accumulation (42.5%) of oilseed rape at the mature stage as compared to that of the U. The oilseed rape yield enhanced by 932.8 kg/hm², the average growth rate was 65.1%, and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 21.2%. In short, MVCU has the advantages of excellent slow-release performance and strong applicability, and its yield-increasing effect on oilseed rape could reach or even be better than that of traditional fertilization.

Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates a string of vital rapid responses, and its signaling perception mechanism has been one of the hot spots of research. It has been shown that the ABP1/TMKs module is involved in regulating extracellular auxin signaling, however, the role of ABP1 as an auxin receptor is highly controversial. Therefore, the mechanism of quintessential TMKs sense extracellular auxin remains unresolved. Recently, a study identified two new auxin-binding proteins, ABL1 and ABL2, which directly interact with TMKs to perceive apoplast auxin. This groundbreaking research unravels the mystery surrounding how plants perceive extracellular auxin signals.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that not only important for plant growth, but also mediating the stress response. The roles of ABA in plant immunity are especially multifaceted. Recently, the ABA functional analogues are of great significance to promote its application. Here, we reported an ABA functional analogue named 167A. 167A inhibits plant growth and seeds germinating of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the 167A enhanced the plant immunity, which is opposite of ABA. We further investigated the PTI-response after 167A treatment, and the results show that the ROS burst, callose deposition accumulate with 167A treatment. Moreover, 167A also influence the degree of stomal closed. RNA-seq assays show that the 167A down-regulated the ABA associated genes and up-regulated the JA/SA/ET associated genes. Through genetic analysis, the 167A modulating the plant resistance through the PYR/PYL Receptors. Together, these results demonstrate that a novel ABA analogue 167A positive regulated plant immunity and has great potential for agricultural applications.

Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, is crucial for regulating various physiological and developmental processes in plants, including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent advancements have significantly contributed to our understanding of ABA's biosynthetic pathway, transport, signaling pathway, and metabolism. To overcome the limitations of natural ABA, scientists have developed broad-spectrum and highly active agonists of ABA receptors. However, the practical application of these receptor agonists as agrochemicals still faces several challenges. On the other hand, some ABA antagonists have also been developed to differentiate the functional differences among various receptors more accurately. This can help design ABA agonists that can selectively activate specific physiological responses, thereby eliminating the undesired physiological effects induced by ABA. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current ABA receptor agonists and antagonists to assist in developing novel ABA functional analogs with improved efficacy and simpler chemical structures that are suitable for agricultural applications.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play an important role in increasing crop yield, and quality, and enhancing crop stress resistance in agricultural production, especially for important crops. PGRs can affect the transport and distribution of assimilates by changing the content and distribution of endogenous hormones in plants. Numerous empirical research results have proven that PGRs have an important impact on the growth, development, and yield composition of wheat. Taking wheat plants as an example, this study reviews the application of PGRs in wheat production and explores their impact on wheat growth and yield. Furthermore, residues and microbial degradation of PGRs are summarized in detail. Finally, future research directions on PGR application in wheat production are proposed. This summary is of great significance for understanding the role of PGRs in wheat production.

Exploring plant behavior at the cellular scale in a minimally invasive manner is critical to understanding plant adaptation to the environment. Phytohormones play vital regulatory roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development and acclimation to environmental changes. Since the biosynthesis, modification, transportation, and degradation of plant hormones in plants change with time and space, their content level and distribution are highly dynamic. To monitor the production, transport, perception, and distribution of phytohormones within undamaged tissues, we require qualitative and quantitative tools endowed with remarkably high temporal and spatial resolution. Fluorescent probes are regarded as excellent tools for widespread plant imaging because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, reproducibility, real-time in situ detection, and uncomplicated mechanism elucidation. In this review, we provide a systematical overview of the progress in the sensing and imaging of phytohormone fluorescent probes and fluorescently labeled phytohormones to their receptors in plants. Moreover, forthcoming viewpoints and possible applications of these fluorescent probes within the realm of plants are also presented. We hold the conviction that the new perspective brought by this paper can promote the development of fluorescent probes, enabling them to have better detection performance in plant hormone imaging.

Jasmonic acid is a crucial phytohormone that plays a pivotal role, serving as a regulator to balancing plant development and resistance. However, there are analogous and distinctive characteristics exhibited in JA biosynthesis, perception, and signal transduction pathways in both herbaceous and woody plants. Moreover, the majority of research subjects have predominantly focused on the function of JA in model or herbaceous plants. Consequently, there is a significant paucity of studies investigating JA regulation networks in woody plants, particularly concerning post-transcriptional regulatory events such as alternative splicing (AS). This review article aims to conduct a comprehensive summary of advancements that JA signals regulate plant development across various woody species, comparing the analogous features and regulatory differences to herbaceous counterparts. In addition, we summarized the involvement of AS events including splicing factor (SF) and transcripts in the JA regulatory network, highlighting the effectiveness of high-throughput proteogenomic methods. A better understanding of the JA signaling pathway in woody plants has pivotal implications for forestry production, including optimizing plant management and enhancing secondary metabolite production.