Advanced Agrochem最新文献

Salt stress remains a significant challenge for crop growth and food security. The development of effective analytical tools for salt stress-related studies is of great importance. Recently, Yang and Yin et al. have developed a novel biosensor that effectively traces salt stress in plants, based on salt-induced molecular J-aggregation and the corresponding changes in fluorescence signals.

Synthetic chemicals have been widely used in modern agriculture as fertilizer, plant growth regulators and pesticides. Although the chemical inputs improved the crop production, it is well known about their negative effects, such as environmental residues in water, soil and animals, pest resistance and resurgence and the residues in agricultural produces. The demands for safer food and more friendly environment are now more preferred by humankind in the world. Microbes have already become an alternate for chemical inputs in some aspects in agriculture. The microbes can produce very diverse volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) which play important roles in the interactions between plant and microbes, or among intraspecies or interspecies of microbes. Many mVOCs showed diverse agroactivities, such as insecticidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, plant growth promotion and abiotic stress-tolerance inducing activities. The agroactive mVOCs have diverse structure-types, such as alkane, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, esters and lactones, ethers, aromatic ring, terpenes, heterocycles, sulphur-containing VOCs. The promising agroactive properties make it possible to apply mVOCs and their producing microorganisms or synthetic mimics or agroactive mVOCs in crop protection, and so this review focuses on the chemical diversity, agroactivities, and potential application of mVOCs.

The traditional synthesis of nano silver chloride involves chemical precipitation or physical methods. Due to the hazardous substances generated during the synthesis, it can cause environmental pollution. In this study, a green and facile method is described to biosynthesize nano-silver chloride with excellent antibacterial activity via in situ reduction of Ag ⁺ using the extract of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Compared with previous reports, the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) is 3.0 μg/mL, which is 2– to 800-fold higher than that of nano silver chloride. Subsequent in vitro studies involving agricultural bacteria such as Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) revealed a 92.95% antibacterial rate when the concentration of nano-silver chloride was 2.0 μg/mL. Previous studies of antibacterial activity of nano-silver chloride focused more on the basic antibacterial properties without describing its antibacterial molecular mechanisms. The microscopic investigations and DNA damage experiments indicated that the nano-silver chloride adsorbed to the bacterial surface, leading to cell wall rupture, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy indicated the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (·OH, ·O²⁻ and ¹O₂) in the bacteria. Our study provides evidence supporting the use of nano-silver chloride as an antibacterial agent in agriculture, and theoretical insight into the antibacterial mechanism thereof.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been extensively applied in farming recently. To cultivate healthier crops, manage pests, monitor soil and growing conditions, analyse data for farmers, and enhance other management activities of the food supply chain, the agriculture sector is turning to AI technology. It makes it challenging for farmers to choose the ideal time to plant seeds. AI helps farmers choose the optimum seed for a particular weather scenario. It also offers data on weather forecasts. AI-powered solutions will help farmers produce more with fewer resources, increase crop quality, and hasten product time to reach the market. AI aids in understanding soil qualities. AI helps farmers by suggesting the nutrients they should apply to increase the quality of the soil. AI can help farmers choose the optimal time to plant their seeds. Intelligent equipment can calculate the spacing between seeds and the maximum planting depth. An AI-powered system known as a health monitoring system provides farmers with information on the health of their crops and the nutrients that need to be given to enhance yield quality and quantity. This study identifies and analyses relevant articles on AI for Agriculture. Using AI, farmers can now access advanced data and analytics tools that will foster better farming, improve efficiencies, and reduce waste in biofuel and food production while minimising the negative environmental impacts. AI and Machine Learning (ML) have transformed various industries, and the AI wave has now reached the agriculture sector. Companies are developing several technologies to make monitoring farmers' crop and soil health easier. Hyperspectral imaging and 3D laser scanning are the leading AI-based technologies that can help ensure crop health. These AI-powered technologies collect precise data on the health of the crops in greater volume for analysis. This paper studied AI and its need in Agriculture. The process of AI in Agriculture and some Agriculture parameters monitored by AI are briefed. Finally, we identified and discussed the significant applications of AI in agriculture.

On the basis of the structure of natural product lansiumamide B (1), a total of 27 novel cis-enamide compounds were designed and synthesized via Intermediate Derivatization Method. Their chemical structures were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The in vitro antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Botrytis cinerea were evaluated by the mycelium linear growth rate method. Most of the compounds showed some activity against each of the fungi at 25 or 50 μg/mL. The relationship between structure and antifungal activity was also discussed, which showed the cinnamic double bond was critical to maintain the antifungal activity. Notably, among the title compounds, 3e and 3h could inhibit mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea by approximately 50% (EC₅₀) at 39.17 and 41.25 μg/mL respectively, which showed better antifungal activity than lansiumamide B (1) with more concise chemical structure. The present study pointed out the correct direction for the development and optimization of lansiumamide B derivatives as potential inhibitors of pathogenic fungi.

Volatile organic amines and biogenic amines produced by the amino acid degradation can undeniably affect the food quality and safety, and thus causes serious health problems. It is of great urgency to exploit reliable and sensitive detection methods for amines to ensure food safety and public health. The fluorescent and colorimetric sensors offer simple and robust means to monitor amines with high sensitivity and selectivity, quick response, facile operation and low cost. Herein, we briefly review the past five years’ progress in fluorescent and colorimetric sensing for monitoring organic and biogenic amines in food. The architectures of sensing materials ranging from small molecules to frameworks to polymers or self-assembly materials have been highlighted. Moreover, the main challenges and perspective of various sensing materials are presented to inspire further research and development. In the end, the development trend of new sensing materials and devices for real-time monitoring of food quality is also forecasted. This review is expected spur more research interest in design of novel amine sensing materials for future application transformation research.

As well known, with the increase of world population, improving agricultural production has always been of great importance. Due to the effective protection against pests or pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth of crops, agrochemical holds vital position in modern agriculture. In this field, introducing sulfur moieties into active ingredients to improve the property of pesticides has been a powerful tool for the development of agrochemical. Thus, the efficient methods for the construction of organosulfur scaffolds existed in agrochemicals are highly desirable, which also attract considerable attentions over the past few decades. Herein, we provide comprehensive introduction of organosulfur agrochemicals and representative synthetic access to sulfur-containing molecules frequently found in pesticides with the utilization of various sulfurizing agents, point out the potential direction for further development.

Plant virus diseases are a serious threat to food crops, vegetables, and cash crops, their prevention and control are extremely difficult, known as ‘plant cancer’, and effective prevention and control agents are extremely short. Environmentally friendly natural antiviral active substances are key resources for the development of anti-plant virus drugs. Marine natural products are the most active field of new drugs and lead compounds discovery. However, there are few studies on their pesticide activities, especially their anti-plant virus activities. In the present manuscript, the latest research on anti-plant virus activity, structure-activity relationship, and mode of action of marine natural products were reviewed. It is hoped that this review will provide a useful reference for the research of anti-plant virus drugs.