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Problems of value added tax management and the anti-crisis measures to address them: Optimizing rates and improving VAT administration 增值税管理存在的问题及应对危机的对策:优化税率,完善增值税管理
Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.2.187
D. V. Manushin
Subject. This article analyzes the economic relations arising from the management of value added tax in the Russian Federation.Objectives. Based on the identified problems in the field of value added tax management, the article aims to propose anti-crisis measures to address them.Methods. For the study, I used a combination of abstract-logical, case study, and statistical analysis methods.Results. The article presents the results of a study of problems related to the optimization of value added tax rates and the improvement of VAT administration. It predicts the level of VAT collection in Russia and the proportion of entities with violations based on the results of regulatory and supervisory measures for 2022–2024. The article also defines the main schemes for the withdrawal of Russian companies from VAT payment, formulates the imperatives imposed by the Russian authorities on taxation measures, and presents certain proposals for solving the identified problems in the administration of VAT.Conclusions. The proposed measures will help raise federal budget revenues and establish a more equitable mechanism for levying VAT.
主题。本文分析了俄罗斯联邦增值税管理中产生的经济关系。本文针对增值税管理中存在的问题,提出了解决这些问题的对策。在这项研究中,我使用了抽象逻辑、案例研究和统计分析相结合的方法。本文介绍了对增值税税率优化和增值税管理改进相关问题的研究结果。它根据2022-2024年监管措施的结果预测了俄罗斯增值税征收水平和违规实体的比例。本文还确定了俄罗斯公司退出增值税支付的主要方案,制定了俄罗斯当局对税收措施的要求,并提出了解决增值税管理中发现的问题的一些建议。拟议的措施将有助于提高联邦预算收入,并建立一个更公平的增值税征收机制。
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引用次数: 1
Project structure of financial statements: Comparative analysis and recommendations for improvement 财务报表的项目结构:比较分析和改进建议
Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.2.216
S. Kozmenkova, R. Alborov
Subject. This article analyzes the structure of accounting (financial) reporting, in particular, the one proposed in the draft federal accounting standard developed by the Ministry of Finance of Russia.Objectives. In addition to the analysis of the project structure of financial statements, the article aims to develop recommendations for improving this structure.Methods. For the study, we used analysis, synthesis, modeling, systematization, and generalization.Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the requirements for financial statements, structure of reporting, balance sheet, and the statement of financial results. It proposes to introduce the principle of Financial Statements Modeling into the requirements, and some additional items on balance sheet.Conclusions and Relevance. The analysis of the draft FSBU 4/20 and regulatory documents on accounting financial statements reveals the need to replace the current PBU 4/99 and to finalize this FSBU project as soon as possible. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of accounting.
主题。本文分析了会计(财务)报告的结构,特别是俄罗斯财政部制定的联邦会计准则草案中提出的结构。除了分析财务报表的项目结构外,本文还旨在提出改进这种结构的建议。本研究采用了分析、综合、建模、系统化、概括等方法。本文介绍了对财务报表的要求、报告结构、资产负债表和财务报表的分析结果。建议将财务报表建模原则引入资产负债表的要求和一些附加项目。结论和相关性。对FSBU 4/20草案和会计财务报表监管文件的分析表明,有必要取代目前的PBU 4/99,并尽快完成该FSBU项目。研究结果可应用于会计理论和实务。
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引用次数: 3
Integrative thinking: Theory and practical application 综合思维:理论与实际应用
Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.1.28
M. Vakhrushina, Svetlana D. Katasonova
Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the category of Integrative Thinking, defining its principles and tools.Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the author-developed interpretation of the content of Integrative Thinking, assess the best practices of applying integrative thinking in the preparation of integrated reports by foreign companies, identify problems that impede this process in Russian realities, and propose ways to solve them.Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, comparison, systematization, generalization, and a historical analysis.Results. The article offers an author-developed definition of integrative thinking, identifies the practical advantages of its application when preparing non-financial reporting, identifies barriers to the introduction of integrative thinking into the practice of Russian companies, and suggests ways to overcome them.Conclusions. Integrative thinking should not be limited to integrated reporting only, but should be extended to prepare and include sustainability reports in all their forms. The results of the study can be used to disseminate the practice of applying integrative thinking in the preparation of non-financial reporting among Russian companies.
主题。本文论述了整合思维范畴的相关问题,定义了整合思维的原则和工具。本文旨在证实作者对综合思维内容的解释,评估外国公司在编制综合报告时应用综合思维的最佳做法,找出在俄罗斯现实中阻碍这一进程的问题,并提出解决这些问题的方法。在本研究中,我们采用了系统方法,比较、系统化、一般化和历史分析。本文提供了一个作者开发的整合思维的定义,确定了在编制非财务报告时应用整合思维的实际优势,确定了将整合思维引入俄罗斯公司实践的障碍,并提出了克服这些障碍的方法。综合思考不应仅限于综合报告,而应扩大到编写和包括各种形式的可持续发展报告。研究结果可用于在俄罗斯公司中推广运用整合思维编制非财务报告的做法。
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引用次数: 1
Information support of project activities under risk and uncertainty 风险和不确定性下项目活动的信息支持
Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.1.52
Aleksei N. Bobryshev, N. Agafonova
Subject. This article deals with the issues of information support of project management accounting.Objectives. The article aims to form information support for project management accounting, which helps apply effective management decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk.Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, basis of accounting, and the questionnaire method.Results. The article offers the author-developed definition of the concept of Project, an algorithm for accounting support of project activities by block, as well as an approach to the preparation of project management reporting in two areas, namely, cash flow and debt accrual. To solve the problem of eliminating the impact of uncertainty and risk on the implementation of the project, the article proposes an approach to accounting and reporting support, which consists in differentiating tools by phase of the project cycle.Conclusions. The article concludes that it is necessary to form information support on the basis of the conceptual foundations of project management, basic accounting provisions, and the information requests of users with the project ring-fencing.
主题。本文论述了项目管理会计的信息支持问题。本文旨在为项目管理会计提供信息支持,有助于在不确定性和风险条件下实施有效的管理决策。在本研究中,我们采用了系统方法、会计基础和问卷调查法。本文提供了作者开发的项目概念的定义,一种按块计算项目活动的会计支持算法,以及在两个领域(即现金流量和债务应计)编制项目管理报告的方法。为了解决消除不确定性和风险对项目实施的影响的问题,本文提出了一种会计和报告支持的方法,该方法包括按项目周期的阶段区分工具。文章认为,有必要在项目管理的概念基础、会计的基本规定和用户的信息需求的基础上,以项目围栏的形式形成信息支持。
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引用次数: 1
Parallel imports against the backdrop of sanctions: Accounting and tax treatment 制裁背景下的平行进口:会计和税务处理
Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.1.90
L. Chaikovskaya, S. Filin
Objectives. This article aims to consider the implementation of parallel imports, as well as aspects that reveal the specifics of its accounting and taxation.Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, and research methods, based on logical grounds.Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the specifics of the use of parallel imports in order to meet the needs of people in demanded foreign goods. It reveals the particularities of accounting and taxation of parallel imports and offers recommendations regarding its accounting and taxation by the importing organization.Conclusions. Parallel imports are beneficial to both consumers – individuals and legal entities, and the State under sanctions. Such imports can also be useful to stimulate competition. However, under the guise of parallel imports, it is possible to obtain counterfeit products or products of lower quality.
目标。本文旨在探讨平行进口的实施,以及揭示其会计核算和税收方法的具体方面。在研究中,我们采用了分析与综合的研究方法,以逻辑为基础。文章详细介绍了利用平行进口的分析结果,以满足人们对国外商品的需求。揭示了平行进口的会计和税收的特殊性,并对进口组织平行进口的会计和税收提出了建议。平行进口对消费者(个人和法律实体)和受制裁的国家都有利。这种进口也有助于刺激竞争。然而,在平行进口的幌子下,有可能获得假冒产品或质量较低的产品。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition of separate intangible assets in terms of the FSBU 14/2022 Standard: Some peculiarities 根据FSBU 14/2022标准确认单独无形资产:一些特点
Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.1.4
I. Lisovskaya, N. Trapeznikova
Subject. This article deals with the issues if it is reasonable to recognize such items as trademark, website and goodwill as intangible assets taking into consideration the transition to the procedure for accounting and financial statements preparation by organizations in Russia in accordance with the Federal Accounting Standard FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets.Objectives. The article aims to analyze the complicated issues and specifics of the practical qualification of separate accounting items from the perspective of their compliance with the methodological provisions of the FSBU 14/2022 at the stage of transition to the application of the Standard.Methods. For the study, we used a systems analysis and generalization of legislative and regulatory documents, and professional literature.Results. The article finds that for the justified recognition of the items considered, including trademarks, websites and goodwill, it is necessary to analyze their compliance with the FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets provisions, and in some cases, the accountant's professional judgment is necessary for the correct qualification of the listed items.Conclusions and Relevance. The variety and multiplicity of qualities of different types of intangible assets and economic benefits, as well as the emergence of new accounting items of an intangible nature, which require reasonable qualification in accounting, are among the reasons for the presence of identified problems. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that at present, not all Russian accountants have sufficient methodological training in terms of interpreting certain complex provisions of the FSBU 14/2022. The results of the study can be used in scientific and practical activities, for training specialists in the field of accounting and auditing, as well as for developing proposals for the correct transition to the FSBU 14/2022 provisions application.
主题。考虑到俄罗斯组织根据联邦会计准则FSBU 14/2022 -无形资产编制会计和财务报表的程序的过渡,本文讨论了将商标、网站和商誉等项目确认为无形资产是否合理的问题。本文旨在从符合FSBU 14/2022标准的方法学规定的角度,分析在向标准方法的应用过渡阶段,单独会计项目实际资格认定的复杂问题和具体情况。在研究中,我们采用了系统分析和概括立法和监管文件,以及专业文献。本文发现,为了合理确认所考虑的项目,包括商标、网站和商誉,有必要分析其是否符合FSBU 14/2022 -无形资产规定,在某些情况下,会计人员的职业判断对于上市项目的正确资格是必要的。结论和相关性。不同类型的无形资产和经济利益的质量的多样性和多样性,以及无形性质的新会计项目的出现,这些都需要合理的会计资格,这是存在识别问题的原因之一。还必须考虑到这样一个事实,即目前,并非所有俄罗斯会计师都在解释FSBU 14/2022的某些复杂条款方面接受了足够的方法培训。研究结果可用于科学和实践活动,用于培训会计和审计领域的专家,以及为正确过渡到FSBU 14/2022条款的应用制定建议。
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引用次数: 2
Broadening options to analyze small business' financial results 扩大小企业财务结果分析的选择范围
Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.24891/ia.26.1.76
A. Glushchenko, Nadezhda A. Malii
Subject. This article deals with the issues of extending tasks and opportunities, and improving methodological approaches to the analysis of financial results of a small wholesale enterprise.Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations to improve methodological approaches to the analysis of financial results for a small wholesale enterprise.Methods. For the study, we used analysis, generalization, comparison a case study method, and the methods of substitution, relative and absolute data values, and the tabular and graphical ones.Results. The article defines the role and capabilities of analyzing financial results in improving the efficiency of small enterprise activities, and offers recommendations for improving methodological approaches to such analysis, helping compare the indicators obtained during the analysis with similar indicators of competing companies.Conclusions and Relevance. The author-developed proposals for improving methodological approaches to the analysis of financial results will help improve the quality of information support for management decisions aimed at finding reserves for improving the efficiency of financial and economic activities of a small enterprise. The results of the study can be useful to a wide range of readers interested in analyzing the financial results of a small business.
主题。本文讨论的问题是扩大任务和机会,并改进方法方法来分析一个小型批发企业的财务结果。本文旨在提出建议,以改进小型批发企业财务结果分析的方法学方法。在研究中,我们采用了分析、归纳、比较和案例研究的方法,以及替代法、相对数据值法和绝对数据值法、表格法和图表法。本文定义了分析财务结果在提高小企业活动效率方面的作用和能力,并提出了改进这种分析的方法方法的建议,有助于将分析过程中获得的指标与竞争公司的类似指标进行比较。结论和相关性。作者提出的关于改进分析财务结果的方法方法的建议将有助于提高为管理决策提供资料支助的质量,这些决策旨在为提高小型企业财务和经济活动的效率寻找储备。这项研究的结果对有兴趣分析小企业财务结果的广大读者是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
A model of accounting and analytical support of cost optimization in the context of new institutionalism 新制度主义背景下成本优化的会计模型与分析支持
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.24891/ia.25.12.1360
E. Voronova, А. А. Vekshina
Subject. This article deals with the theoretical and methodological features of the formation of accounting and analytical support for transformation and transaction cost optimization.Objectives. The article aims to indicate the need to classify costs according to their belonging to transactions and disclose the theoretical and methodological features in the context of accounting and analytical cost optimization support.Methods. For the study, we used general scientific methods (analysis, comparison and interpretation) and statistical methods in economics. The results of the study are shown in tabular and graphical forms.Results. The article defines the notion of Transaction Cost and the need to decompose cost into transformation and transaction parts to take measures to optimize the level of costs. It systematizes the theoretical and methodological features of accounting and analytical models for transformation and transaction cost optimization. The article also proposes to integrate digital technologies into the management cost accounting system.Conclusions and Relevance. The article justifies the necessity to break costs into transformation and transaction parts for these types of cost have different approaches to the accounting and analytical support formation for optimization. The organization of accounting and analysis of costs by their belonging to transactions can improve the quality of accounting and analytical support and, consequently, the information base for management decisions. At present, the digital technologies that can be used in financial and operational activities contribute to cost reduction.
主题。本文论述了会计形成的理论和方法特点,以及对转型和交易成本优化的分析支持。本文旨在指出按交易性质对成本进行分类的必要性,并揭示在会计和分析成本优化支持方法背景下的理论和方法特点。在研究中,我们使用了经济学中一般的科学方法(分析、比较和解释)和统计方法。研究结果以表格和图形形式显示。本文界定了交易成本的概念,提出了将成本分解为转换部分和交易部分的必要性,以采取措施优化成本水平。它系统地介绍了转型和交易成本优化的会计和分析模型的理论和方法特点。本文还提出将数字技术融入管理成本核算体系。结论和相关性。本文论证了将成本分解为转换成本和交易成本的必要性,因为这两类成本在会计核算和分析支持形成优化方面有不同的方法。按属于交易的成本组织会计和分析,可以提高会计和分析支持的质量,从而提高管理决策的信息库。目前,可用于财务和业务活动的数字技术有助于降低成本。
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引用次数: 0
The concept of accounting for contractual obligations: Searching for accounting development areas 契约义务会计的概念:寻找会计发展的领域
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.24891/ia.25.12.1326
V. Plotnikov, O. Plotnikova
Subject. This article discusses the possibility of including a system of changes in market relations and their impact on the financial results of the organization's activities in the field of accounting and economic analysis.Objectives. The article aims to determine the possibility and necessity of forming information in the field of accounting containing a prognostic function, which can be achieved by including a new concept in the structure of accounting, namely the concept of accounting for contractual obligations, and prove the necessity and objectivity of information when including in the field of accounting its new objects, i.e. contractual law and contractual obligation.Methods. For the study, we used academic economics in the field of accounting, namely the economic theory of ownership of an economic resource, the theory of contractual relationships, and the theory of contractual obligations.Results. The article presents a proof of compliance of the concept of accounting for contractual obligations with the International Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (2018), which defines an economic resource as a right to an asset that has the potential to create economic benefits in the future, and a contractual obligation corresponding to this right, namely to transfer an economic resource.Conclusions and Relevance. Contractual obligations, by virtue of their objectivity, must find their place in the structure of accounting, since information about them is formed on the market. The systematic reflection of contractual obligations expands the scope of accounting to include market relations in it. The concept of accounting for contractual obligations makes it possible to reduce the gap between academic economic science and accounting theory.
主题。本文从会计和经济分析的角度讨论了在市场关系中纳入一套变化体系的可能性,以及它们对组织活动的财务结果的影响。本文旨在通过在会计结构中加入一个新的概念,即合同义务会计概念,来确定在会计领域形成具有预测功能的信息的可能性和必要性,并证明在会计领域中加入新的对象,即合同法和合同义务时,信息的必要性和客观性。为了进行研究,我们使用了会计领域的学术经济学,即经济资源所有权的经济理论、契约关系理论和契约义务理论。本文提出了合同义务会计概念符合《国际财务报告概念框架》(2018年)的证明,该框架将经济资源定义为对未来有可能创造经济利益的资产的权利,以及与该权利相对应的合同义务,即转让经济资源。结论和相关性。合同义务由于其客观性,必须在会计结构中占有一席之地,因为关于它们的信息是在市场上形成的。契约义务的系统反映扩大了会计的范围,将市场关系纳入其中。契约义务会计的概念使缩小学术经济科学与会计理论之间的差距成为可能。
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引用次数: 1
Accounting for the acquisition (creation), impairment and write-off of intangible assets 无形资产的取得(创造)、减值和核销的会计处理
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.24891/ia.25.12.1382
R. Alborov, Grigorii R. Alborov, S. Kozmenkova, E. Mosunova
Subject. This article deals with the issues of management of the acquisition (creation), valuation, revaluation, amortization of intangible value and operations for the write-off of intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets.Objectives. The article aims to disclose the issues of organization of analytical and synthetic accounting for the acquisition (creation), impairment and write-off of intangible assets, substantiate the procedure for keeping records of intangible assets and develop methodological aspects of analytical and synthetic accounting for the acquisition, impairment and write-off of intangible assets.Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, modeling, systematization, and generalization.Results. The article reveals the problematic issues of accounting for intangible assets. The article also formulates proposals for reflecting operations on income flows and the causes for writing off of intangible assets, and presents a recommended methodology for accounting for impairment operations of intangible assets and costs associated with their write-off.Conclusions and Relevance. To ensure the reliability of accounting and financial reporting data regarding intangible assets, it is necessary to clearly organize analytical and synthetic accounting of these items on the basis of supporting primary documentation in accordance with the requirements of FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets. Entities should monitor impairment of intangible assets and record the results in accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 36 – Impairment of Assets. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of accounting.
主题。本文根据FSBU 14/2022《无形资产目标》的规定,探讨无形资产的取得(创造)、估值、重估、摊销和核销操作的管理问题。本文旨在揭示无形资产的收购(创造)、减值和核销的分析会计和综合会计的组织问题,充实无形资产的记录程序,发展无形资产的收购、减值和核销的分析会计和综合会计的方法方面。本研究采用了分析综合、建模、系统化、概括等方法。本文揭示了无形资产会计中存在的问题。本文还提出了反映收入流业务和注销无形资产原因的建议,并提出了无形资产减值业务及其注销相关成本的会计建议方法。结论和相关性。为了确保无形资产会计和财务报告数据的可靠性,有必要根据FSBU 14/2022 -无形资产的要求,在配套原始文件的基础上,明确组织这些项目的分析和综合会计。企业应当按照国际财务报告准则第36号——资产减值的规定监测无形资产的减值,并将结果入账。研究结果可应用于会计理论和实务。
{"title":"Accounting for the acquisition (creation), impairment and write-off of intangible assets","authors":"R. Alborov, Grigorii R. Alborov, S. Kozmenkova, E. Mosunova","doi":"10.24891/ia.25.12.1382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24891/ia.25.12.1382","url":null,"abstract":"Subject. This article deals with the issues of management of the acquisition (creation), valuation, revaluation, amortization of intangible value and operations for the write-off of intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets.\u0000Objectives. The article aims to disclose the issues of organization of analytical and synthetic accounting for the acquisition (creation), impairment and write-off of intangible assets, substantiate the procedure for keeping records of intangible assets and develop methodological aspects of analytical and synthetic accounting for the acquisition, impairment and write-off of intangible assets.\u0000Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, modeling, systematization, and generalization.\u0000Results. The article reveals the problematic issues of accounting for intangible assets. The article also formulates proposals for reflecting operations on income flows and the causes for writing off of intangible assets, and presents a recommended methodology for accounting for impairment operations of intangible assets and costs associated with their write-off.\u0000Conclusions and Relevance. To ensure the reliability of accounting and financial reporting data regarding intangible assets, it is necessary to clearly organize analytical and synthetic accounting of these items on the basis of supporting primary documentation in accordance with the requirements of FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets. Entities should monitor impairment of intangible assets and record the results in accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 36 – Impairment of Assets. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of accounting.","PeriodicalId":100047,"journal":{"name":"Advances in International Accounting","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89895742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
Advances in International Accounting
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