Advances in Sample Preparation最新文献_第4页

3D-printed device for improved membrane-based extraction procedure of xenobiotics in complex matrices 3d打印装置，用于改进复杂基质中异种生物的膜基提取程序

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100205

Miryam Perrucci , Erika Maria Ricci , Abuzar Kabir , Kenneth G. Furton , Marcello Locatelli

To minimize the environmental and human health impacts of chemical processes, there is growing interest in eco-friendly methods aligned with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). A successful chemical analysis typically involves sample preparation, sampling, separation and analysis, quantification, and data interpretation. Among these, sample preparation plays a crucial role in isolating and preconcentrating target analytes from complex matrices.

In 2014, fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) was introduced as a simplified and greener sample pretreatment method. Building on this advancement and a recent patent, the present study introduces an innovative 3D-printed device designed for use with a range of target analytes and complex sample matrices. Constructed from inert materials, the device features a rigid, modular structure with multiple windows that securely hold various membrane-based extraction materials. These include FPSE membranes, electrospun membranes, and materials derived from adsorbent systems recovered from production or usage waste, as well as permeable molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs).

The device offers several advantages, including enhanced enrichment factors, compatibility with diverse planar membrane types, and highly customizable selectivity based on membrane configuration and chemistry. Its design also incorporates a built-in slot for a magnetic stirrer, enabling precise control of rotation speed during extraction-even in field conditions using a portable, battery-powered stirrer.

Experimental results unequivocally demonstrate that the new device achieves superior enrichment factors compared to previously validated methods for the same analytes, confirming its effectiveness and potential for broader analytical applications.

为了尽量减少化学过程对环境和人类健康的影响，人们对符合绿色分析化学（GAC）原则的环保方法越来越感兴趣。成功的化学分析通常包括样品制备、取样、分离和分析、定量和数据解释。其中，样品制备在从复杂基质中分离和预浓缩目标分析物方面起着至关重要的作用。2014年，织物相吸附萃取（FPSE）作为一种简化和绿色的样品前处理方法被引入。基于这一进步和最近的专利，本研究引入了一种创新的3d打印设备，设计用于一系列目标分析物和复杂的样品矩阵。该装置由惰性材料制成，具有刚性的模块化结构，具有多个窗口，可安全地容纳各种膜基提取材料。这些材料包括FPSE膜、电纺丝膜、从生产或使用废料中回收的吸附剂系统衍生的材料，以及可渗透的分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）。该装置具有几个优点，包括增强的富集因子，与不同平面膜类型的兼容性，以及基于膜结构和化学的高度可定制的选择性。它的设计还包括一个内置的磁力搅拌器槽，可以在提取过程中精确控制转速，即使在现场条件下使用便携式电池供电的搅拌器。实验结果明确表明，与之前验证过的方法相比，新设备对相同的分析物获得了更好的富集因子，证实了其有效性和更广泛分析应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recent green approaches in liquid-phase microextraction 液相微萃取的绿色新方法

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100201

Miguel Ángel Aguirre , Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares , Laura Carbonell-Rozas , José Grau , Carlos Moreno , Lorena Vidal

The miniaturization of conventional extraction techniques, particularly microextraction methods, has led to a reduction in the use of hazardous reagents and waste. However, the continued use of toxic solvents and materials, along with time-consuming sample preparation processes, negatively impacts the overall sustainability of these methods. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring greener alternatives. This review highlights the most promising green solvents for liquid-phase microextraction, including (natural) deep eutectic solvents, low-toxicity ionic liquids, surfactants, micellar solvents, and bio-based solvents, emphasizing their applications in innovative sample preparation techniques in the last five years. Particular emphasis is placed on their use in automated and semi-automated systems, in line with the increasing role of automation in Analytical Chemistry. Selected applications have been carefully reviewed and discussed to illustrate key advances in the use of green solvents and automation for extracting a wide range of compounds from various matrices. In addition, future perspectives are outlined to guide further development of liquid-phase microextraction in alignment with current trends in green sample preparation.

传统萃取技术，特别是微萃取方法的小型化，减少了危险试剂和废物的使用。然而，有毒溶剂和材料的持续使用，以及耗时的样品制备过程，对这些方法的整体可持续性产生了负面影响。因此，人们对探索更环保的替代品越来越感兴趣。本文综述了液相微萃取中最有前途的绿色溶剂，包括（天然）深共晶溶剂、低毒离子液体、表面活性剂、胶束溶剂和生物基溶剂，并重点介绍了近五年来它们在创新样品制备技术中的应用。特别强调的是它们在自动化和半自动化系统中的使用，以配合自动化在分析化学中日益重要的作用。选定的应用程序已经仔细审查和讨论，以说明使用绿色溶剂和自动化从各种基质中提取广泛的化合物的关键进展。此外，概述了未来的前景，以指导液相微萃取的进一步发展，以符合当前绿色样品制备的趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Progress in functional covalent organic frameworks as advanced materials for sample pretreatment 功能共价有机骨架作为样品前处理先进材料的研究进展

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100200

Hui Cao , WeiKang Guo , Ke Liu , Qin Shuai , Lijin Huang , Zhaochu Hu

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of porous crystalline materials with immense potential as advanced materials for sample pretreatment. Their distinctive characteristics, including large specific surface areas, adjustable pore structures, robust chemical stability, and abundant active sites, render them a reliable platform for efficiently extracting analytes, thereby opening avenues for innovative applications in analytical chemistry. This review focuses on recent research progress in the utilization of functional COFs for the preconcentration of contaminants, including organic pollutants (such as drugs, pesticides, and dyes) and heavy metal ions. COFs featuring diverse functional groups, such as carboxyl, sulfonyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro and halogen moieties and their integration with advanced sample pretreatment techniques are discussed. The review begins by examining two primary strategies for functionalizing COF: "bottom-up" and "post-synthetic modification". Subsequently, the interaction mechanisms and analytical performances of methods based on functionalized COFs are critically analyzed, emphasizing their extraction efficiency and selectivity. Finally, the technical merits of functional COFs as high-performance adsorbents in sample pretreatment are highlighted, while addressing current challenges and outlining future research directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the rational design and practical applications of functionalized COFs in advanced sample pretreatment workflows.

共价有机框架（COFs）是一类新兴的多孔晶体材料，作为样品预处理的先进材料具有巨大的潜力。它们独特的特性，包括大的比表面积、可调节的孔结构、强大的化学稳定性和丰富的活性位点，使它们成为有效提取分析物的可靠平台，从而为分析化学的创新应用开辟了道路。本文综述了功能COFs在有机污染物（如药物、农药、染料）和重金属离子等污染物预富集中的应用研究进展。讨论了具有羧基、磺基、羟基、氨基、硝基和卤素等不同官能团的COFs及其与先进样品前处理技术的结合。本文首先考察了COF功能化的两种主要策略：“自下而上”和“合成后修饰”。随后，重点分析了功能化COFs方法的相互作用机理和分析性能，强调了它们的萃取效率和选择性。最后，重点介绍了功能性COFs作为高性能吸附剂在样品前处理中的技术优势，并指出了当前面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。本文旨在为功能化COFs在高级样品前处理流程中的合理设计和实际应用提供综合参考。

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引用次数: 0

A 3D-printed handheld device for quick citrus tissue lysis and nucleic acid extraction 用于快速柑橘组织裂解和核酸提取的3d打印手持设备

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100199

Chia-Wei Liu , Brent Kalish , Sohrab Bodaghi , Georgios Vidalakis , Hideaki Tsutsui

A 3D-printed handheld device has been developed for rapid and efficient sample preparation, extracting pathogen total nucleic acids from citrus leaves for downstream molecular analysis. With its high-speed motor, knurled lysis chamber for rapid sample lysis, and quick nucleic acid extraction using cellulose paper disks (Whatman CHR1), this device can yield ready-to-use DNA and RNA in just 12 min. All components, except for the motor, wiring, and paper disks, were printed in-house using a PolyJet 3D printer with photosensitive resins. The device was optimized for maximum sample lysis by evaluating operation voltages and chamber features, as measured by DNA and RNA concentrations using a Qubit fluorometer and quantification cycle (Cq) values obtained through qPCR assays. The results showed that the lysis chamber with internal knurling and the motor operated at 7.5 V was sufficient for effective sample lysis in 1 min, achieving RNA concentrations up to 87.6 % of those obtained with mortar-and-pestle grinding. Paper disk washing and elution conditions were also optimized using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and qPCR assays, where two 1-minute washes and a 100 µL elution volume resulted in the highest purity and lowest Cq value. The optimized handheld device was validated with citrus sources infected with Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and Spiroplasma citri (S. citri), demonstrating high detection accuracy (100 %) and low assay variation (CV < 3.8 %) in qPCR-based analysis. Based on these successful results, this device is expected to be broadly applicable to similar viral and bacterial pathogens affecting plants.

开发了一种3d打印手持设备，用于快速高效的样品制备，从柑橘叶片中提取病原体总核酸，用于下游分子分析。凭借其高速电机，用于快速样品裂解的滚花裂解室，以及使用纤维素纸盘（Whatman CHR1）的快速核酸提取，该设备可以在12分钟内产生即用型DNA和RNA。除了电机，线路和纸盘外，所有组件都使用PolyJet带有光敏树脂的3D打印机进行内部打印。通过评估操作电压和腔室特征，通过使用量子比特荧光仪测量DNA和RNA浓度以及通过qPCR分析获得的定量周期（Cq）值，对该装置进行了优化，以实现最大的样品裂解。结果表明，内置滚花的裂解室和在7.5 V下工作的马达足以在1 min内有效裂解样品，其RNA浓度达到杵臼研磨的87.6%。利用NanoDrop分光光度计和qPCR对纸盘洗涤和洗脱条件进行了优化，其中两次1分钟洗涤和100µL洗脱量可获得最高纯度和最低Cq值。优化后的手持设备在柑橘源感染柑橘tristeza病毒（CTV）和柑橘螺旋体（S. citri）的柑橘源中进行了验证，显示出较高的检测准确率（100%）和较低的检测变异(CV <；3.8%)。基于这些成功的结果，该装置有望广泛应用于影响植物的类似病毒和细菌病原体。

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引用次数: 0

Pretreat immunosuppressants in whole blood without vortexing and centrifugation 在全血中预处理免疫抑制剂，不进行旋流和离心

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100198

Rui Zhang , Ren-Jie Yang , Ping-An Zhang , Shao-Ting Wang

Background

Precise measurement of immunosuppressant levels in whole blood is critical for monitoring post-transplant patient outcomes. Conventional protein precipitation (PP) methods, which rely on vortex mixing and centrifugation, present substantial limitations in terms of automation and scalability. To address these challenges, we developed a novel pretreatment strategy termed “Pseudo-Protein-Precipitation combined with Cold-Induced Phase Separation” (PPP+CIPS), designed to simplify sample processing and enhance high-throughput efficiency.

Results

The PPP+CIPS method employs 48 % acetonitrile to generate a semi-homogeneous blood suspension, enabling in-situ drug extraction via CIPS. Notably, this approach eliminates the need for vortexing and centrifugation—key bottlenecks in traditional therapeutic drug monitoring workflows. By leveraging 96-well plates and multi-channel pipettes, the protocol reduces pretreatment time to approximately one-third of that required by PP. Clinical validation (n = 288 in total) revealed strong concordance with established methods, with 94 % of tacrolimus, 95 % of cyclosporin A, and 92 % of sirolimus measurements falling within ±20 % agreement limits.

Significance

The PPP+CIPS strategy marks a significant leap forward in high-throughput therapeutic drug monitoring for immunosuppressants. Its seamless integration with 96-well formats and static processing workflows makes it a promising cornerstone for future automated and integrated TDM systems.

背景：精确测量全血免疫抑制剂水平对于监测移植后患者的预后至关重要。传统的蛋白质沉淀（PP）方法依赖于涡旋混合和离心，在自动化和可扩展性方面存在很大的局限性。为了应对这些挑战，我们开发了一种新的预处理策略，称为“伪蛋白质沉淀结合冷诱导相分离”（PPP+CIPS），旨在简化样品处理并提高高通量效率。结果PPP+CIPS方法采用48%乙腈制备半均质血悬液，可通过CIPS进行原位药物提取。值得注意的是，这种方法消除了传统治疗药物监测工作流程中的关键瓶颈——涡流和离心的需要。通过利用96孔板和多通道移液器，该方案将预处理时间减少到PP所需时间的约三分之一。临床验证（总共288例）显示与既定方法具有很强的一致性，94%的他克莫司，95%的环孢素A和92%的西罗莫司测量值在±20%的一致性范围内。PPP+CIPS策略标志着免疫抑制剂高通量治疗药物监测的重大飞跃。它与96井格式和静态处理工作流程的无缝集成使其成为未来自动化和集成TDM系统的基石。

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引用次数: 0

Supported liquid membrane-coupled Extraction 支撑液膜耦合萃取

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100197

Shengjie Hu , Xiantao Shen , Chuixiu Huang

Group separation of multiple analytes with diverse physicochemical properties from the same complex sample is significant in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and biomarker identification. To achieve this goal, supported liquid membrane (SLM)-coupled extraction techniques were developed by integrating two or more SLM-based extraction processes, either simultaneously or sequentially. This approach offers several advantages such as low sample consumption, short operational time, and efficient group separation. In recent years, SLM-coupled extraction approaches have been successfully applied to extract multiple targets from complex biological samples and environmental samples. However, the reviews in the literature mainly focused on a single SLM extraction technique, either liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) or electromembrane extraction (EME). Therefore, a comprehensive overview of SLM-coupled extraction techniques is still lack. The current review comprehensively summarizes the advances in SLM-coupled extraction techniques. We elaborate three types of SLM-coupled extraction techniques, including coupled-LPME, coupled-EME and EME/LPME. Moreover, a prospective discussion on the future development trends of the SLM-coupled extraction techniques is also provided.

从同一复杂样品中分离具有不同理化性质的多种分析物在临床诊断、环境监测和生物标志物鉴定中具有重要意义。为了实现这一目标，支持液膜（SLM）耦合萃取技术通过同时或顺序整合两个或多个基于SLM的萃取过程而开发出来。该方法具有样品消耗少、操作时间短、组分离效率高等优点。近年来，slm耦合提取方法已成功应用于从复杂生物样品和环境样品中提取多靶点。然而，文献综述主要集中在单一的SLM提取技术，即液相微萃取（LPME）或电膜萃取（EME）。因此，对slm耦合提取技术的全面概述仍然缺乏。本文综述了slm耦合萃取技术的研究进展。我们详细介绍了三种类型的slm耦合提取技术，包括耦合-LPME、耦合-EME和EME/LPME。并对slm耦合萃取技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced electromembrane extraction of acidic drugs using a chitosan-agarose hybrid gel membrane 壳聚糖-琼脂糖混合凝胶膜对酸性药物电膜萃取的强化作用

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100196

Hasti Gharah Sheikhlou , Majid Gharah Sheikhlou , Marzieh Saberi , Saeed Nojavan

In this study, a novel chitosan-agarose gel membrane was developed and applied in the gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) technique to extract and preconcentrate two model acidic drugs, naproxen and ibuprofen, from urine samples. Chitosan, acting as a positively charged agent and viscosifier, significantly improved extraction efficiency by reducing electric current and minimizing the electroendosmosis (EEO) effect. The parameters affecting the extraction recoveries were optimized and evaluated using both one-variable-at-a-time and Box–Behnken design approaches alongside response surface methodology. To maximize drugs recovery from a 7.0 mL urine sample, the following parameters were optimized: a membrane composed of 3.0 % (w/v) agarose and 1.0 % (w/v) chitosan, pH of the gel membrane: 5.5, extraction voltage: 32.5 V, pH of the donor phase: 8.0, pH of the acceptor phase: 11.0, extraction time: 21 min, volume of acceptor phase: 200 µL, gel membrane thickness: ∼ 4 mm and donor phase stirring speed: 500 rpm. Under optimal conditions, the extraction recoveries were 60.4 % for naproxen and 81.9 % for ibuprofen. Limits of detection for naproxen and ibuprofen were 3.0 and 4.5 ng/mL, respectively. This method was successfully applied to quantify acidic drugs in real urine samples, achieving relative recoveries in the range of 91.2–94.9 %, demonstrating excellent reliability for biological matrices.

本研究开发了一种新型壳聚糖-琼脂糖凝胶膜，并将其应用于凝胶电膜萃取（G-EME）技术中，用于从尿液样品中提取和预浓缩两种模型酸性药物萘普生和布洛芬。壳聚糖作为一种带正电荷的助剂和增粘剂，通过减小电流和降低EEO效应，显著提高了提取效率。采用单变量法和Box-Behnken设计方法以及响应面法对影响提取回收率的参数进行了优化和评价。为了最大限度地从7.0 mL尿液样品中回收药物，优化了以下参数：凝胶膜由3.0% （w/v）琼脂糖和1.0% （w/v）壳聚糖组成，凝胶膜pH: 5.5，提取电压：32.5 v，给体相pH: 8.0，受体相pH: 11.0，提取时间：21 min，受体相体积：200µL，凝胶膜厚度：~ 4 mm，给体相搅拌速度：500 rpm。在最佳提取条件下，萘普生的提取率为60.4%，布洛芬的提取率为81.9%。萘普生和布洛芬的检出限分别为3.0和4.5 ng/mL。该方法成功地应用于实际尿液样品中酸性药物的定量，相对回收率为91.2 ~ 94.9%，对生物基质具有良好的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of performance and matrix compatibility of mixed mode C18-SCX SPME fibers for compounds with different physicochemical properties 混合模式C18-SCX SPME纤维对不同理化性质化合物的性能及基质相容性评价

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100195

Marcos Tascon , Ezel Boyaci , Nathaly Reyes-Garcés , Janusz Pawliszyn

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has evolved significantly since its inception, yet challenges remain in developing coatings fully compatible with LC-MS that combine broad polarity coverage with biocompatibility for complex matrices. This study evaluates mixed-mode C₁₈-SCX (strong cation exchange) SPME fibers designed to extract analytes of a wide range of physicochemical properties, addressing limitations in current methodologies. The fibers were tested for extraction efficiency, reproducibility, and matrix compatibility using a group of model compounds with different physicochemical properties, namely, codeine (logP=1.19), carbamazepine (logP=2.45), diazepam (logP=2.82), and propranolol (logP=3.47). Furthermore, the biocompatibility was tested in diverse matrices, such as PBS, blood, plasma, urine, and grape juice.

Results demonstrated exceptional inter-fiber reproducibility (RSD ≤ 15 %, n = 96 fibers) and robust performance in biomatrices, with relative matrix effects primarily governed by analyte binding affinities to matrix macromolecules rather than coating fouling. Absolute matrix effects were negligible (93–111 %), underscoring the fibers’ ability to deliver clean extracts for LC-MS analysis. Fiber reusability was validated over three consecutive extractions (RSD ≤ 10 %), and morphological integrity was preserved post-extraction, even in challenging matrices like whole blood. This work represents the versatility of mixed-mode SPME fibers for high-throughput bioanalysis, offering a significant advancement for in vivo and in vitro targeted and untargeted applications.

固相微萃取（SPME）技术自问世以来发展迅速，但在开发与LC-MS完全兼容的涂层方面仍然存在挑战，这种涂层结合了广泛的极性覆盖和复杂基质的生物相容性。本研究评估了混合模式C18-SCX（强阳离子交换）SPME纤维，该纤维设计用于提取各种物理化学性质的分析物，解决了当前方法的局限性。使用一组物理化学性质不同的模型化合物，即可待因（logP=1.19）、卡马西平（logP=2.45）、地西泮（logP=2.82）和心得安（logP=3.47），对纤维的提取效率、重现性和基质相容性进行了测试。此外，生物相容性测试在不同的基质，如PBS，血液，血浆，尿液和葡萄汁。结果表明，该材料具有优异的纤维间重现性（RSD≤15%,n = 96根纤维），在生物基质中具有强大的性能，其相对基质效应主要由分析物与基质大分子的结合亲和力而不是涂层污染决定。绝对基质效应可以忽略不计（93 - 111%），强调纤维提供清洁提取物用于LC-MS分析的能力。在连续三次提取中验证了纤维的可重用性（RSD≤10%），并且即使在全血等具有挑战性的基质中，提取后也保持了形态完整性。这项工作代表了混合模式SPME纤维在高通量生物分析中的多功能性，为体内和体外靶向和非靶向应用提供了重大进展。

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引用次数: 0

Improved sample preparation using bead mill homogenization 改进了球磨均质法制备样品的方法

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100194

Madison E. Walbrun , Aamna Aijaz , Gabriella Ryan , John D. Bunting , Zachary P. Morehouse , Rodney J. Nash

Proper sample preparation is the key to having successful data analysis downstream. Despite the many efforts to improve sample preparation, there are still many inconsistencies and challenges when attempting to produce a sample for downstream analysis. Here we compare common methods used in sample preparation (detergent and manual Dounce homogenization) to mechanical Bead Mill homogenization. These methods have been shown to lyse both cell and tissue, however, concentrations and detectability of desired analytes can be greatly reduced. These results show that mechanical Bead Mill homogenization requires less starting sample, and less time, while producing higher protein concentrations with increased reproducibility, therefore improving downstream analysis.

正确的样品制备是下游数据分析成功的关键。尽管在改进样品制备方面做出了许多努力，但在试图生产用于下游分析的样品时，仍然存在许多不一致和挑战。在这里，我们比较了样品制备中常用的方法（洗涤剂和手动Dounce均质）和机械珠磨均质。这些方法已被证明可以裂解细胞和组织，然而，所需分析物的浓度和可检测性会大大降低。这些结果表明，机械球磨均质需要更少的起始样品和更少的时间，同时产生更高的蛋白质浓度，增加了再现性，从而改善了下游分析。

引用次数: 0

Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels 绿色溶剂和酶结合先进的提取技术，从葡萄柚皮中回收生物活性类胡萝卜素和可提取/不可提取的多酚

IF 5.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation

Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100192

Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez , María Concepción García , María Luisa Marina

The simultaneous extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPPs) and carotenoids from grapefruit peels using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with biobased solvents was optimized, followed by non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) extraction. Ethyl acetate:γ-valerolactone (20:80 v/v) yielded the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory EPPs at 50 °C in 6 min. From the residue, NEPs were obtained by comparing several methods: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE), and UAE and MAE with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES). UAE (15 min, 30 % amplitude) followed by EAE (70 °C, 40 min) and MAE-NaDES using choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2, 50 % water, 50 °C, 6 min) yielded the most bioactive NEPs. HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS analysis allowed to identified 19 polyphenols in both extracts, highlighting naringin as the majority, particularly in UAE-EAE extract. Stability tests showed UAE-EAE extracts protect against oxidative damage, potentially extending the shelf life of food products. On the other hand, MAE-NaDES extracts prevent anti-inflammatory compound degradation, indicating their potential application in pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, depending on the purpose, either UAE-EAE or MAE-NaDES can be used.

优化了生物基溶剂微波辅助提取法（MAE）同时提取葡萄柚皮中可提取酚类化合物（EPPs）和类胡萝卜素，其次是不可提取多酚类物质（NEPs）。乙酸乙酯：γ-戊内酯（20:80 v/v）在50°C、6 min条件下得到的抗氧化和抗炎epp最高。通过超声辅助提取（UAE）和酶辅助提取（EAE）、UAE和MAE与天然深共晶溶剂（NaDES）的比较得到NEPs。阿联酋（15分钟，30%振幅），其次是EAE（70°C， 40分钟）和使用氯化胆碱：乳酸（1:2,50%水，50°C， 6分钟）的MAE-NaDES产生了最具生物活性的NEPs。HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS分析发现，两种提取物中均含有19种多酚，其中柚皮苷含量最高，在UAE-EAE提取物中含量最高。稳定性测试表明，阿联酋- eae提取物可以防止氧化损伤，可能延长食品的保质期。另一方面，MAE-NaDES提取物可防止抗炎化合物降解，表明其在药物制剂中的潜在应用。因此，根据不同的目的，可以使用UAE-EAE或MAE-NaDES。

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引用次数: 0