Area Pediatrica最新文献

La febbre è una manifestazione molto comune in pediatria e generalmente associata a infezioni. Tuttavia, quando ricorre frequentemente, deve far pensare anche a febbri periodiche su base autoinfiammatoria che, nonostante siano rare, sono in aumento parallelamente alle possibilità diagnostiche e terapeutiche nei loro confronti. Le febbri periodiche comprendono un gruppo eterogeneo di sindromi caratterizzate da episodi infiammatori autoindotti, associati spesso a un corteo sintomatologico ampio che indirizza verso una specifica diagnosi, confermata nella maggior parte dei casi dalla genetica. L’importanza di una corretta definizione diagnostica è legata anche alle numerose possibilità terapeutiche oggi disponibili, in grado di modificare spesso il decorso della patologia.

Fever is a very common sign in children and usually associated with infections. However, recurrent fever can be a sign of autoinflammatory disorders, rare conditions which are increasing together with the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in this field.

Periodic fever include a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by self-induced inflammatory episodes, often associated with a symptomatic pattern, indicative of a specific diagnosis and confirmed in many cases by genetics.

The importance of a correct diagnostic definition is also due to numerous therapeutic possibilities available today, which can modify the course of the disease.

Home care is an health and social care that is delivered by the ASL (local health authorities), in collaboration with the doctor and/or family pediatrician and other operators as needed detected in the patient's home on a continuous and integrated way. It allows citizens who need, to be assisted home with customized programs, avoiding admission to Hospital for longer time than necessary. When necessary, it must be obtained from Health District of residence by the General Medicine's Doctor or by Family Pediatrician, but it can also be requested by person concerned, by his family or by operators of Social Services of the City.

Dental decay is a chronic-degenerative infection with a still widespread multifactorial aetiology. Oral health education begins in the prenatal period, through the intervention of the gynaecologist and the dentist. The principal element of prevention is fluorine, which can be administered in a variety of ways. Although there are no doubts about the protective effect of fluorine against tooth decay and notwithstanding the exhaustive guidelines of the Ministry of Health its intake is not always optimal. The proper procedures for fluorine prophylaxis must be known and correctly carried out.

Synthetic biology is aimed to synthetize new livings (i.e. self-replicating) taking advantage of the theorethical grounds of system biology to – artificially reproduce some of the onthological steps of the livings and – to isolate, to transfer, to synthetize single living components. Synthetic biology is a constitutive field of the convergent technologies. It is now-a-day employed to produce new molecules, biofuel and food, photosynthetic microorganisms able to double their biomasses in a few hours, cybrids cells and biologically inspired informatic systems among many other manufactures (goods).

The most common cause of thrombocytopenia in children is Immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), usually an acute selflimiting disease. Thrombocytopenia can be the first sign of non-haematological disorders such as portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Thrombocytopenia, petechiae and bruising can be the triad of presentation of both typical ITP and PVT in children. The appropriate diagnostic exam for detection of portal vein obstruction in children is abdominal Doppler ultrasonography. Past medical history of injury to the umbilical vascular system should guide the diagnosis of PVT.

The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic-relapsing disorders which include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis. These are classified by age of onset, location and evolution (Montreal Classification). IBD are multifactorial disease, their pathogenesis includes external environment, genetics and immune system. Twentyfive percent of IBD have an onset in childhood; most common symptoms are growth failure and mucus bloody diarrhea. Upper and Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy represents the gold standardfor diagnosis of IBD. Most common drugs are aminosalicylates, steroids, immunosuppressive therapy, nutritional therapy and biological therapy.

Dystonia is a syndrome characterized by sustained muscle contractions, causing abnormal postures and involuntary movements. Motor impairment and cognitive-behavioural disturbances, even severe, could be developed following this condition. Medical treatment allows a partial and transient improvement of the clinical condition. For these reasons different surgical approaches, including pallidotomy and Deep brain stimulation, result in selected cases, effective symptomatic therapies.