Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology最新文献

We examined whether motivational climate (autonomy-supportive coach climate; controlling coach climate) and basic psychological need satisfaction/thwarting (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness) were related to sport commitment (enthusiastic and constrained commitment) and self-reported behavioural outcomes (i.e., behavioural effort; intention to continue) in sport. Participants were 229 young adult athletes from a range of sports (M age = 19.70 years; SD = 1.51 yrs) who had participated in their sport for an average of 10.1 years (SD = 4.03 yrs). Path analyses revealed positive associations amongst autonomy-supportive climate, need satisfaction, enthusiastic commitment, and self-reported behavioural outcomes. Similarly, positive links were found amongst controlling climate, need thwarting, constrained commitment, and, to a lesser extent, behavioural outcomes. We also examined mediation effects: (a) the relationship between need satisfaction and behavioural effort was partially mediated by enthusiastic commitment; (b) the relationship between need satisfaction and future intentions was fully mediated by enthusiastic commitment; while (c) no significant mediation effects were found for need thwarting, commitment dimensions, and behavioural outcomes. Our results highlighted the role of enthusiastic commitment as an important psychological construct mediating the relationship between athlete need satisfaction and behavioural outcomes. We extended previous research examining sport commitment by integrating the multidimensional Sport Commitment Model (enthusiastic and constrained commitment) with need satisfaction and need thwarting in an effort to investigate self-reported behavioural outcomes in sport. Future research employing longitudinal research designs is needed to examine these relationships over time and with behavioural measures of effort, intention to continue, and actual persistence.

Retaining volunteers is critical for sport and social development. This two-wave prospective survey was conducted to examine the relationship between sport volunteers’ work climate, motivation, emotional exhaustion (core burnout dimension), and continuance intention to volunteer for sporting events. Volunteers (n = 160) completed a survey measuring work climate and motivation at baseline (T1), and another survey measuring emotional exhaustion and continuance intention at follow-up with one-month interval (T2). Results of path analysis showed that T1 work climate was a significant positive predictor of T1 autonomous motivation and a negative one of T1 controlled motivation. T1 controlled motivation significantly and positively predicted T2 emotional exhaustion, but T1 autonomous motivation was not a significant predictor of T2 emotional exhaustion. T2 emotional exhaustion was a significant negative predictor of T2 continuance intention. These findings suggest the need to decrease volunteers’ controlled motivation and emotional exhaustion for volunteer retention.

Two studies examined the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS). The CCBS is a multidimensional self-report measure designed to evaluate sports coaches’ controlling interpersonal style from the perspective of self-determination theory (SDT). It comprises 15 items measuring the controlling use of rewards, negative conditional regard, intimidation, and excessive personal control on a seven-point Likert scale. The study 1 sample comprised 526 university student-athletes (M_age = 19.59 years, SD = ±0.94, 364 females) who completed the Japanese CCBS, which was developed through back-translation. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the tenability of the hypothesized factor structure of the Japanese CCBS (CFI=.927; NNFI=.909; RMSEA=.079). Moreover, the results supported the invariance of the scale across sex, sport types, and competitive levels. The subscale internal consistency and discriminant validity scores were all acceptable. Test-retest reliability evidence was obtained in Study 2 (N=108), suggesting a positive and significant intraclass correlation between the pre-test and the post-test CCBS (ICC range: .65–.87). These findings support the Japanese CCBS as a valid and reliable measure for use in research which will enhance our understanding of coaches’ controlling interpersonal styles in sports.

Adolescents living in high-density cities may face a unique set of mental health challenges due to exposure to environmental stressors and academic pressure from competition for limited educational opportunities. It is still unclear towards the integrated effects of sufficient physical activity, reduced recreational screen time and adequate sleep duration on improving mental health and well-being among adolescents living in high-density cities. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between meeting 24-h movement guidelines and mental well-being in Chinese adolescents living in high-density cities. A total of 816 Chinese adolescents (M_age = 14.77 years, SD = 0.81) completed a self-administrated questionnaire comprising 24-h movement behaviors, mental well-being, and covariates. Linear mixed-effects models were used to for data analyses. Findings of the current study indicated that there was a positive association between the number of guidelines being met and mental well-being in adolescents after adjusting for covariates. Compared to not meeting any guidelines, adolescents who met the sleep and physical activity guidelines, or the physical activity and screen time guidelines, or all the three guidelines had a positive association with adolescent mental well-being. Our findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between compliance with 24-h movement guidelines and mental well-being among adolescents living in high-density cities.

Dyadic interventions may promote physical activity (PA) amongst postpartum mothers. However, such interventions may not always be effective, and research is needed to explore the factors influencing engagement. Amongst this population, this study explores the perceived benefits, barriers to, and facilitators of a) PA participation, and b) engagement with two dyadic PA interventions. We conducted interviews with 17 postpartum mothers and 10 significant others (aged 26–61 years old). Data were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. Barriers to PA engagement were that it was easy to set plans, but hard to carry them out due to childcare, work, studying/chores. Setting PA plans and receiving practical support from their partner were important ways to overcome barriers to being active, e.g., some participants looked after the children, so their partner could engage in PA, as a part of their plan. Feeling motivated to exercise as a family was also a facilitator of PA. Barriers to programme participation were a lack of motivation and a preference for exercise prescription. Perceived benefits of programme participation included increased PA commitment and accountability to the plans. Amongst other techniques, participants used prompts (e.g. spouse getting their children breakfast/coming home from work/their partner ‘checking in’), as a cue to start their PA plans. Findings show that tailored interventions to address the challenges of being a postpartum mother are needed; “one-size” fits all approach does not work.

Regular physical activity (PA) contributes to maintaining health and improving the quality of life among older people. This cross-sectional study investigates the associations between motivations derived from self-determination theory (SDT) and physical activity levels, as well as health-related fitness indices, in older Chinese women. We recruited 92 retired older women (range: 60–85 years; mean age ± SD: 71.74 ± 5.39 years) from Hong Kong, China. We assessed participants' motivations (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) using the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire, and measured their moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and weekly walking using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We also evaluated body fat (fat mass, fat percentage, and visceral fat) using the Tanita SC240MA, flexibility with the Back Scratch Test and Chair Sit-and-Reach Test, and muscle strength using the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and "Timed Up and Go" Test. We analyzed the data using partial-least squares structural equation modeling with Warp PLS 8.0 software. The results showed that autonomous motivation was significantly and positively related to walking (β = .24, p < .01) and MVPA (β = .23, p < .01); controlled motivation was negatively associated with walking (β = -.26, p < .01) and positively associated with MVPA (β = .21, p < .05); and amotivation was significantly and negatively associated with walking and MVPA (β = -.17, p <.05; β = -.16, p < .05). The results also generally suggest that a higher PA level is linked to better health-related fitness. However, the expected indirect effects of motivation on health-related fitness outcomes were not statistically significant. Our results support SDT in explaining older women's participation in physical activity. Although physically active older women were more likely to be physically fitter, motivation in physical activity did not exert significant indirect effects on all health-related fitness outcomes.

This study examined stability and transitions of school-aged children's self-determination theory-based need satisfaction profiles in physical education (PE) over three years. Participants were 1121 (girls 573, boys 548) Finnish school children. The self-report data were assessed using identical procedures from 2017 to 2020. Three latent need satisfaction profiles were identified: Low, Mid, and High need satisfactions. Transitions mainly occurred between grade 5 and 6 in elementary school, after which the profile memberships remained relatively stable. The profile memberships were not school- or PE group dependent over time. These results indicate that school-based actions to achieve a positive impact on need satisfaction development could already be commenced in the early school years, as it may be more challenging to induce positive changes in student behaviours after children have transitioned to middle school.

Regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity has been associated with adaptive physical and psychological health benefits including lower risk of non-communicable disease and reduced incidence of mental health conditions. However, a substantive majority the global population does not participate in sufficient physical activity to confer these health benefits, and inactivity levels are particularly high in underrepresented and disadvantaged minority groups, as indicated by negative associations between physical activity participation and socio-structural variables (e.g., socioeconomic status, income, education, health literacy). In addition, evidence suggests that participation in health behaviors such as physical activity partially mediates the association between these sociodemographic variables and health outcomes. We propose a process model specifying a candidate mechanism that may explain the association between socio-structural variables that represent disparity and health behaviors such as physical activity. Specifically, we propose a model in which beliefs such as attitudes, subjective norms, risk perceptions, and self-efficacy mediate associations between socio-structural variables and physical activity participation. After proposing the basic tenets of the model, we provide several examples illustrating the proposed effects for socio-structural variables including socioeconomic status and income, education, and health literacy in Asian contexts, and outline how these effects should be interpreted. We conclude by outlining the theoretical and practical relevance of these findings, and how they may inform interventions aimed at having adaptive effects on health outcomes by promoting physical activity participation and assisting in reducing health behavior disparities in Asian populations.