Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology最新文献

Background

Due to the limitation of drug treatment and other adverse reactions, many psychological treatments always adopt rehabilitation training or non-drug intervention methods, while physical exercise is considered as an auxiliary way. A mass of literature has verified the therapeutic benefits of physical exercise to reduce depression and anxiety in clinical populations. However, little attention is paid to the mental health benefits of exercise for non-clinical populations. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically aggregate and quantify findings of the effect of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in non-clinical populations, through which to evaluate whether physical exercise intervention as a non-drug means can effectively improve the depressive and anxious moods of college students.

Significance

This paper combines sport and psychotherapy and links kinesiology and psychology, which can deepen readers' understanding and stimulate their interest in the practice of sport and exercise psychology. The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has swept the world, causing a global epidemic with serious physical and psychological consequences, and this study may help policymakers and health care professionals to make effective recommendations for psychological interventions for college students.

Methods

The study was based on five electronic databases: CNKI, Wan Fang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, and Web of Science. The quality of the selected articles was evaluated by the PEDro scale. The Meta-Analysis was performed using R-4.0.4, which computed pooled estimates of effect size and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for intervention. Bias and sensitivity analyses were calculated to explore the source of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were performed according to time, frequency, and event.

Results

Synthesizing all the trials, the results show that the study heterogeneity of physical exercise on the improvement of depressive mood in college students is relatively high (I²=63%, P<0.01), which has a medium effect (SMD=-0.63, 95% confidence interval=-0.80 to -0.46). The results reveal low heterogeneity in anxious mood (I²=36%, P = 0.04), with a medium effect (SMD=-0.58, 95% confidence interval=-0.71 to -0.44).

Conclusion

The Meta-Analysis confirms the effective and positive role of physical exercise in reducing depressive and anxious moods of college students. Physical exercise can be used as a non-medical method to improve the mental health state of college students and promote full development. Further research should evaluate the impact of various sports and specific exercise prescriptions on college students' negative emotions, so as to apply them to complementary and alternative therapies.

We investigated the psychological pressure intentionally and unintentionally generated by coaches and athletes during matches and practices using semi-structured interviews with 25 participants, consisting of 14 athletes (mean age = 23.7 years, SD = 4.1, range = 19–33) and 11 coaches (mean age = 37.0 years, SD = 12.1, range = 23–56). A total of 58 psychological pressure categories were extracted through a qualitative analysis using the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and were classified into four situations: unintentionally generated during matches (e.g., significance of the match, changes in match situations, a sense of mission due to one's stance), intentionally generated during matches (e.g., athletes putting pressure on themselves, coaches putting pressure on players), unintentionally generated during practices (e.g., presence of coaches and senior players, not wanting to trouble teammates by one's error, high-performance expectations by others), and intentionally generated during practices (e.g., controlling training regimes, creating an environment close to a match, putting pressure on oneself). The psychological pressure intentionally generated during practice had two purposes: acclimating to match pressure and improving practice-session quality. This study's findings should help coaches and athletes develop an awareness of the numerous kinds of psychological pressure athletes can experience. They can use this knowledge to customize the psychological pressures intentionally induced during practice sessions to achieve the desired purpose (habituating players to game pressures or enhancing practice quality).

There remains limited understanding and mixed results around predictors of compulsive exercise, especially outside of eating disorder populations and settings. Research is also limited by operationalisation of compulsive exercise as a unidimensional construct, despite evidence that it is best understood and examined as multi-dimensional. Given that compulsive exercise is also observed in the general exercise population, increased understanding around predictors of compulsive exercise is needed. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test) with obsessive and harmonious passion (the Passion Scale) and exercise identity (the Exercise Identity Scale) in a sample of N = 1184 Australian general exercisers. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses indicated that exercise identity was associated with all dimensions of compulsive exercise, although strength and direction of relationships varied. Harmonious passion was related to several dimensions of compulsive exercise and also moderated relationships between identity with weight-control exercise, mood improvement and lack of exercise enjoyment, whereas obsessive passion moderated the relationship between identity and lack of exercise enjoyment only. Results highlight that compulsive exercise dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables and that examination of dimensions can increase understanding around compulsive exercise. Harmonious passion predicted more aspects of compulsive exercise than obsessive passion. Individuals with high exercise identity, and those with low harmonious passion may be more at risk of poor outcomes including compulsive exercise pathology and other related outcomes.

Introduction

The present study investigated the effects of a health risk information strategy on changes in perceptions of objective health risks associated with physical inactivity among sedentary women.

Materials and methods

Thirty-eight women participated in the 12-week health risk information intervention as a strategy for strengthening the effect of health risk information on risk perception. During this period, the study participants’ objective risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin) and risk perceptions were measured. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to examine the effects of the intervention on perceptions of objective health risks.

Results

Results indicated that the health risk information strategy was substantially effective to enhance health risk perception toward heart disease and obesity over the 12-week intervention. In addition, among the objective risk factors waist circumference was a significant factor in all physical-inactivity related diseases (heart disease, obesity, and diabetes) between the risk and non-risk groups.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that the physical inactivity-related health risk information is an effective intervention strategy to change health risk perception associated with physical inactivity, which in turn, may actually reduce diseases caused by physical inactivity.

Recent technological developments, such as automatic broadcasting systems and computer vision, are enabling cost-effective data gathering, bringing big data analytics to youth sports. In a recent insightful article, Bar-Eli et al. (2023) discussed among other issues the subjective and objective talent selection approaches, advocating for the use of big data analytics to harness the benefits of both methods. My aim in this commentary is to complement that big data predictive tools also were found to be vulnerable to biases that render their decisions unfair. Therefore, artificial intelligence in the domain of youth talent identification should be approached with caution and in-depth consideration of ethical issues needs to be undertaken before these predictive tools can be widely adopted.

Thriving, or the concurrent experience of healthy well-being and high-level performance, may serve as a valuable construct when studying the optimal student-athlete experience. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to positively impact well-being and performance, yet these interventions rarely use thriving as an outcome variable with athletes. The purpose of the present study began to examine the impact of an MBI for improving student-athlete experiences of thriving via a quasi-experimental longitudinal design. College athletes from the United States (n = 55) from three sports were randomly assigned to either a control or a 7-session MBI. While comprehensive measures of thriving did not yield significant change for those in the MBI relative to the control, multiple thriving characteristics and outcomes were improved after the intervention compared to the control group. MBI participants reported significant improvement for subjective performance satisfaction, mindful awareness, and the use of mindfulness to regulate emotions. Exploratory analysis revealed those in the MBI, relative to the control, experienced improvements of optimism and a sense of meaning and purpose. Student-athletes qualitatively reported sport and life benefits related to thriving (e.g., self-regulation, focus, awareness, vitality, intentional actions) while also suggesting improving MBIs with systematic reminders to meditate, more meditation opportunities within the sport environment, and autonomy-supportive instruction. These preliminary data support the use of MBIs to facilitate characteristics and outcomes of thriving, while also offering suggestions for practical improvements when implementing MBIs with student-athletes.

When making talent-selection decisions in sport, coaches, scouts, program directors, and policymakers typically adopt two approaches: The subjective approach, also known as the coach's eye, where these professionals select or de-select athletes based on their personal observations and impressions; and the objective approach, where they apply a multi-faceted formula for awarding scores to the athletes' motor skills (such as agility and coordination) and psychological capabilities (such as leadership and motivation) – as a mean for predicting their future success. These two approaches are often perceived as complementary in the strive to reach optimal selection decisions in sport. In this conceptualized article, we examine challenges associated with such talent-selection decisions, and address the coach's eye as an example of a subjective assessment approach. We also address the concept of fast and frugal heuristics for making selection decisions in sport, while elaborating on bounded rationality and the human machine paradigm. Finally, in addition to discussing certain "built-in" limitations in sport-selection decisions, based on judgment and decision-making models, we provide a rationale for adding the big-data approach, as a mean for enhancing links between the subjective and objective assessments currently used in talent-selection decisions in sport.

The purposes of the present study were to examine the domain specificity of flow and its relationships with different motivation regulations in sport and academic. The sample consisted of 224 competitive student-athletes (126 males, 97 females, 1 missing) from Singapore universities with mean age of 22.73 years (SD = 2.76). Data was collected through a self-reported questionnaire to assess seven motivation types in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and flow disposition in sport and academic domains. Findings revealed that there is a positive link between flow in sport and in academic at a cross-domain level. In addition, male student-athletes reported higher flow tendencies in both sports and academics. Male student-athletes in individual sport reported higher intrinsic motivation (IM) to accomplish and flow tendencies than male in team sport, but female student-athletes in team sport reported higher IM to accomplish and flow tendencies to accomplish than individual sport. IM to experience stimulation positively predicted flow in sport, while in academic domain, IM to know and identified regulation are positive predictors of flow. The findings of this study showed that IM to experience stimulation in sport and academic domains could positively predict flow.

Physical education (PE) provides an important achievement setting for researchers to investigate social comparison processes, however, our understanding of how these processes function, and their consequences, remains limited in this setting. The present study aimed to determine the role of two frames of reference (the class and a chosen individual), motives for comparison, and motivational regulations in predicting physical self-concept (PSC), self-efficacy, and positive/negative affect in PE. Four hundred and ninety-one adolescents (M_age = 14.75, SD = 0.90 years, nested within 28 PE classes and nine teachers) completed a multi-section inventory assessing the key constructs. Multilevel modeling analysis showed that students’ perceptions of ability compared to the class as a whole were pertinent in determining all outcomes whereas comparisons with an individual were less influential. As for the effects of motives for comparison, both self-efficacy and positive affect were positively predicted by self-evaluation and self-improvement. In terms of motivational regulations, findings suggested that more autonomous forms of motivation positively predicted PSC, self-efficacy and positive affect, and were inversely related with negative affect. The results also endorsed the utility of studying intrapersonal moderators of social comparisons in PE, and provide important implications for professional practice.