Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology最新文献

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to (Kuettel & Larsen, 2020) examine depressive symptoms among male professional soccer players in Japan, and (Buck et al., 2018) explore the association of these symptoms with current injuries, history of severe injuries, general anxiety, and adverse life events.

Design

Cross-sectional online survey.

Setting

The survey was conducted during the Japanese Professional Football preseason between February and April 2020 in Japan.

Participants

Sixty-four professional athletes from four teams participated in the survey. The mean age was 26 years (SD 4.5).

Main outcome measures

The outcome measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and select items from the Social Athletic Readjustment Rating Scale.

Results

Depressive symptoms were reported among 9.4% of participants. Two players (3.1%) were found to have generalized anxiety as well as depressive symptoms. Other risk factors were unrelated to depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

The occurrence of depressive symptoms among participating professional soccer players from four teams in Japan was lower than the previously reported prevalence estimates among Western players but higher than the general population in Japan of the same age group. The findings suggest clinicians should assess the mental health of elite athletes, and work to mitigate stigma around mental health.

This study aimed to investigate whether life skills could be negative predictors of stress responses in high school student-athletes and moderators of a relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related stressors and stress responses during the pandemic. A survey was conducted from July to August 2020, and 1528 (717 females and 811 males) high school students, who belonged to sport clubs in Japanese public high schools, participated. The Stressors for Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Stress Response Scale for Athletes, and the Daily Life Skills Scale were used to assess COVID-19-related stressors, stress responses, and life skills, respectively. The results showed that three factors of personal life skills—planning, self-esteem, and positive thinking—and one factor of interpersonal life skills—intimacy—were significant negative predictors of stress responses. In contrast, COVID-19-related stressors and one factor of interpersonal life skills—leadership—were significant positive predictors. Furthermore, positive thinking moderated the relationship between stressors and stress responses. The findings suggest the need for educators and practitioners to consider effective life skills in challenging situations, to provide fruitful life skills programs for student-athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of student teachers’ (ST's) acculturation and professional socialization on their beliefs about teaching PE. Specifically, ST's beliefs about teaching PE and how ST's acculturation and professional socialization influence ST's beliefs were investigated. For this study, occupational socialization theory was employed as a theoretical framework to examine student teachers’ beliefs. Thirteen STs participated in this study and data collection was undertaken during their final teaching practicum. Text descriptions were analysed and collected with the intention of gaining an overall grasp of STs’ beliefs. All the text response data were analysed inductively in a step-wise approach. The results of this study suggested that STs’ beliefs about PE teaching are influenced by how they view the purpose of PE lessons and their experiences with the level of student engagement during such lessons. It was also concluded that STs continue to believe that it is important for PE to provide students with enjoyment and the opportunity to socialise and acquire positive values. Insights were also observed that clarified the impact of classroom atmosphere on student engagement level and attitudes during PE lessons in influencing ST's pedagogical practices. While the study is situated in the Japanese context, findings from this study have useful international relevance.

Successful sports performance is characterized by psychological, physical, technical, and tactical factors. Of these factors, the psychological factor is typically ignored despite contributing more than 50% toward success in sporting performance. This review aimed to introduce the Kawa model as a new methodology to promote sports and physical performance through developing mental health ability. The Kawa model is developed by occupational therapists and used to promote mental health ability in individuals by enabling self-awareness of their difficulties and exploring possible solutions. It consists of the following five elements: water, river banks, rocks, driftwood, and space. This research would further explore the usage of the Kawa model in addressing various psychological issues and how these improvements can enhance sports and physical performance. The literature search was performed by using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus as a database with specific keywords. In conclusion, this research provides an overview of the potential for the use of the Kawa model in promoting mental health ability included self-awareness, self-understanding, goal-setting, self-efficacy, stress and anxiety control for sports and physical performance and lays the foundation for future research in this area.

A core aspect of morality concerns behavior towards others. To better understand this issue, we investigated the values-behavior relationship. In a cross-sectional study design, 165 team sport athletes rated the importance of Lee's sport values and Schwartz's basic personal values and reported their frequency of antisocial behavior in sport. With sport values, antisocial behavior was negatively correlated with moral values but positively correlated with status values. With personal values, antisocial behavior was negatively correlated with self-transcendence and conservation values but positively correlated with self-enhancement values. In terms of the relative importance of values, competence and moral were more important than status sport values, whereas self-transcendence and openness to change were more important than conservation and self-enhancement personal values. In terms of the conceptual link across contexts, comparisons of sport and personal values confirmed strong overlap between status and self-enhancement values, competence and openness to change values, and moral and self-transcendence values. In conclusion, antisocial behavior was related to both sport and personal values, and, in line with theory and evidence, the relationship between values and antisocial behavior resembled an unethicality profile.

Background

Due to the limitation of drug treatment and other adverse reactions, many psychological treatments always adopt rehabilitation training or non-drug intervention methods, while physical exercise is considered as an auxiliary way. A mass of literature has verified the therapeutic benefits of physical exercise to reduce depression and anxiety in clinical populations. However, little attention is paid to the mental health benefits of exercise for non-clinical populations. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically aggregate and quantify findings of the effect of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in non-clinical populations, through which to evaluate whether physical exercise intervention as a non-drug means can effectively improve the depressive and anxious moods of college students.

Significance

This paper combines sport and psychotherapy and links kinesiology and psychology, which can deepen readers' understanding and stimulate their interest in the practice of sport and exercise psychology. The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has swept the world, causing a global epidemic with serious physical and psychological consequences, and this study may help policymakers and health care professionals to make effective recommendations for psychological interventions for college students.

Methods

The study was based on five electronic databases: CNKI, Wan Fang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, and Web of Science. The quality of the selected articles was evaluated by the PEDro scale. The Meta-Analysis was performed using R-4.0.4, which computed pooled estimates of effect size and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for intervention. Bias and sensitivity analyses were calculated to explore the source of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were performed according to time, frequency, and event.

Results

Synthesizing all the trials, the results show that the study heterogeneity of physical exercise on the improvement of depressive mood in college students is relatively high (I²=63%, P<0.01), which has a medium effect (SMD=-0.63, 95% confidence interval=-0.80 to -0.46). The results reveal low heterogeneity in anxious mood (I²=36%, P = 0.04), with a medium effect (SMD=-0.58, 95% confidence interval=-0.71 to -0.44).

Conclusion

The Meta-Analysis confirms the effective and positive role of physical exercise in reducing depressive and anxious moods of college students. Physical exercise can be used as a non-medical method to improve the mental health state of college students and promote full development. Further research should evaluate the impact of various sports and specific exercise prescriptions on college students' negative emotions, so as to apply them to complementary and alternative therapies.

We investigated the psychological pressure intentionally and unintentionally generated by coaches and athletes during matches and practices using semi-structured interviews with 25 participants, consisting of 14 athletes (mean age = 23.7 years, SD = 4.1, range = 19–33) and 11 coaches (mean age = 37.0 years, SD = 12.1, range = 23–56). A total of 58 psychological pressure categories were extracted through a qualitative analysis using the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and were classified into four situations: unintentionally generated during matches (e.g., significance of the match, changes in match situations, a sense of mission due to one's stance), intentionally generated during matches (e.g., athletes putting pressure on themselves, coaches putting pressure on players), unintentionally generated during practices (e.g., presence of coaches and senior players, not wanting to trouble teammates by one's error, high-performance expectations by others), and intentionally generated during practices (e.g., controlling training regimes, creating an environment close to a match, putting pressure on oneself). The psychological pressure intentionally generated during practice had two purposes: acclimating to match pressure and improving practice-session quality. This study's findings should help coaches and athletes develop an awareness of the numerous kinds of psychological pressure athletes can experience. They can use this knowledge to customize the psychological pressures intentionally induced during practice sessions to achieve the desired purpose (habituating players to game pressures or enhancing practice quality).

There remains limited understanding and mixed results around predictors of compulsive exercise, especially outside of eating disorder populations and settings. Research is also limited by operationalisation of compulsive exercise as a unidimensional construct, despite evidence that it is best understood and examined as multi-dimensional. Given that compulsive exercise is also observed in the general exercise population, increased understanding around predictors of compulsive exercise is needed. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test) with obsessive and harmonious passion (the Passion Scale) and exercise identity (the Exercise Identity Scale) in a sample of N = 1184 Australian general exercisers. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses indicated that exercise identity was associated with all dimensions of compulsive exercise, although strength and direction of relationships varied. Harmonious passion was related to several dimensions of compulsive exercise and also moderated relationships between identity with weight-control exercise, mood improvement and lack of exercise enjoyment, whereas obsessive passion moderated the relationship between identity and lack of exercise enjoyment only. Results highlight that compulsive exercise dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables and that examination of dimensions can increase understanding around compulsive exercise. Harmonious passion predicted more aspects of compulsive exercise than obsessive passion. Individuals with high exercise identity, and those with low harmonious passion may be more at risk of poor outcomes including compulsive exercise pathology and other related outcomes.

Introduction

The present study investigated the effects of a health risk information strategy on changes in perceptions of objective health risks associated with physical inactivity among sedentary women.

Materials and methods

Thirty-eight women participated in the 12-week health risk information intervention as a strategy for strengthening the effect of health risk information on risk perception. During this period, the study participants’ objective risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin) and risk perceptions were measured. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to examine the effects of the intervention on perceptions of objective health risks.

Results

Results indicated that the health risk information strategy was substantially effective to enhance health risk perception toward heart disease and obesity over the 12-week intervention. In addition, among the objective risk factors waist circumference was a significant factor in all physical-inactivity related diseases (heart disease, obesity, and diabetes) between the risk and non-risk groups.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that the physical inactivity-related health risk information is an effective intervention strategy to change health risk perception associated with physical inactivity, which in turn, may actually reduce diseases caused by physical inactivity.