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Pharmacological implications of cellular localization of α1-adrenoceptors in native smooth muscle cells 天然平滑肌细胞α - 1肾上腺素受体细胞定位的药理意义
Pub Date : 2009-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2680.1999.tb00002.x
J. C. McGrath, J. F. Mackenzie, C. J. Daly

1 This study examines the cellular localization of α1-adrenoceptors and demonstrates that binding to intracellular receptive binding sites in native smooth muscle cells may influence the pharmacological profile of agonists or antagonists. The example tissue studied was rat basilar artery.

2 An α1-adrenoceptor antagonist and fluorescent analogue of prazosin, BODIPY-FL prazosin (QAPB) allowed visualization, with high resolution, of both plasma membrane and cytosolic binding sites on live native cells, as previously shown in cells harbouring recombinant receptors. QAPB-associated fluorescence binding was both time- and concentration- dependent in rat basilar smooth muscle cells and affinity for α1-adrenoceptors was calculated from specific binding curves as 1.1 nM.

3 Concentration-dependent binding of QAPB detected in smooth muscle cells dissociated from rat basilar arteries was composed of diffuse and clustered fluorescence. Visually the diffuse component of fluorescence was the more evident up to a concentration of 5 nM QAPB. Confocal visualization of an optical section through the cell showed that the clustered component was located mainly intracellularly. In rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells the intracellular binding sites were located in close proximity to the nuclear membrane.

4 3D models of QAPB-associated fluorescence demonstrate that a high proportion of effective binding sites are intracellular, showing not only that a high proportion of receptors are located inside the cell but also that in this location they can bind ligands. This has implications for. pharmacological analysis in relation to the consequences of intracellular binding per se and for differential effects upon the pharmacology of particular ligands according to whether they can enter the cell.

本研究考察了α - 1肾上腺素能受体的细胞定位,并证明了与天然平滑肌细胞内受体结合位点的结合可能影响激动剂或拮抗剂的药理学特征。研究样本组织为大鼠基底动脉。作为α - 1肾上腺素受体拮抗剂和prazosin的荧光类似物,BODIPY-FL prazosin (QAPB)可以在活的天然细胞上以高分辨率显示质膜和细胞质结合位点,正如之前在含有重组受体的细胞中所显示的那样。qapb相关的荧光结合在大鼠基底平滑肌细胞中具有时间和浓度依赖性,根据特异性结合曲线计算α1-肾上腺素受体的亲和力为1.1 nM。3从大鼠基底动脉分离的平滑肌细胞中检测到的QAPB的浓度依赖性结合由弥漫性和聚集性荧光组成。在QAPB浓度为5 nM时,荧光的漫射成分更为明显。通过细胞的光学切片共聚焦显示,聚集成分主要位于细胞内。在大鼠基底动脉平滑肌细胞中,细胞内结合位点靠近核膜。4 qapb相关荧光的3D模型表明,很大比例的有效结合位点在细胞内,这表明不仅有很大比例的受体位于细胞内,而且在这个位置它们可以结合配体。这对……与细胞内结合本身的后果有关的药理学分析,以及根据它们是否能进入细胞而对特定配体的药理学产生的不同影响。
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引用次数: 25
Prejunctional effects of angiotensin II and bradykinin in the heart and blood vessels 血管紧张素II和缓激素在心脏和血管中的作用
Pub Date : 2009-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2680.1999.tb00004.x
D. Moura, H. Pinheiro, M. Q. Paiva, S. Guimaraes

1 Angiotensin and bradykinin facilitate the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve terminals and cause positive inotropy in rat isolated atria and ventricles. The effect of bradykinin was enhanced by the ACE inhibitor, ramiprilat.

2 The facilitated release of noradrenaline in rat ventricle by bradykinin was blocked by the β2-receptor antagonist HOE-140. This response is also reduced by removing the endocardium, suggesting the release of a mediator from the endocardium.

3 The facilitated noradrenaline release by angiotensin II and bradykinin was blocked by the angiotensin receptor antagonist saralasin to the same extent. In contrast, losartan caused only minor blockade in a range of vascular and cardiac tissues. This suggests that angiotensin and bradykinin exert these responses by interacting with a prejunctional receptor different from the established AT1 subtype.

4 These results suggest that bradykinin mediates facilitation of noradrenaline release via the local release of angiotensin onto an atypical AT1 receptor.

1血管紧张素和缓激素促进交感神经末梢去甲肾上腺素的释放,引起大鼠离体心房和心室正性肌力变。缓激肽的作用可通过ACE抑制剂雷米普利特增强。2缓激肽促进去甲肾上腺素在大鼠心室的释放被β2受体拮抗剂HOE-140阻断。这种反应也可以通过去除心内膜而减轻,提示从心内膜释放一种介质。血管紧张素II和缓激素促进的去甲肾上腺素释放被血管紧张素受体拮抗剂saralasin同样程度地阻断。相反,氯沙坦在一系列血管和心脏组织中只引起轻微的阻滞。这表明血管紧张素和缓激素通过与不同于已建立的AT1亚型的结前受体相互作用来发挥这些反应。这些结果表明,缓激素通过局部释放血管紧张素到非典型AT1受体介导去甲肾上腺素的释放。
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引用次数: 13
Proceedings of the Catecholamine Symposium held at the Joint Meeting of the British Pharmacological Society and Societade Portuguesa de Farmacologia, 8–9 April 1999. Casa Diocesana, Seminario de Vilar, Porto, Portugal. 1999年4月8-9日,英国药理学学会和葡萄牙药理学学会联合会议儿茶酚胺研讨会论文集。葡萄牙波尔图维拉尔神学院教区之家。
Pub Date : 2009-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2680.1999.tb00001.x
Daniel Moura
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引用次数: 0
Sertraline inhibits the contractile responses to noradrenaline, KCI and electrical field stimulation of rat isolated vas deferens 舍曲林抑制大鼠离体输精管对去甲肾上腺素、KCI和电场刺激的收缩反应
Pub Date : 2009-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2680.1999.tb00010.x
N. I. Kalyoncu, R. Ozyavuz, S. Karaoglu

1 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sertraline, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, on contractile responses to noradrenaline (NA), KCI, serotonin (5-HT) and electrical field stimulation of rat isolated vas deferens.

2 Pre-treatment with 10-4 M sertraline showed inhibitory effects on responses to NA, KCI, 5-HT and electrical field stimulation, while pre-treatment with 10 -6 and 10-5 M sertraline caused potentiation of responses to NA (10-7 and 10-6 M).

3 A voltage-dependent calcium channel activator, Bay K 8644, restored the inhibited responses when sertraline was washed out of the organ bath, although restoration could not be seen when sertraline was not removed.

4 The inhibition of the contractile responses by sertraline pre-treatment may be via a mechanism through calcium channels which is additional to the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitory effect of sertraline.

本研究的目的是研究舍曲林(一种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂)对大鼠离体输精管对去甲肾上腺素(NA)、KCI、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和电场刺激的收缩反应的影响。2、10-4 M舍曲林预处理对NA、KCI、5-HT和电场刺激的反应有抑制作用,10-6 M和10-5 M舍曲林预处理对NA(10-7和10-6 M)的反应有增强作用。3、电压依赖性钙通道激活剂Bay K 8644在舍曲林被洗出器官浴时恢复了被抑制的反应,但在不去除舍曲林时没有恢复。4舍曲林预处理对收缩反应的抑制可能是通过钙通道的机制,这是舍曲林选择性5 -羟色胺再摄取抑制作用的补充。
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引用次数: 28
In vitro and in vivo approaches to the characterization of the α2-adrenoceptor α2-肾上腺素能受体的体内外表征方法
Pub Date : 2009-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2680.1999.tb00003.x
A. L. Hudson, E. S. J. Robinson, M. D. Lalies, R. J. Tyacke, H. C. Jackson, D. J. Nutt

1 In order to more fully understand the role of the α2-adrenoceptor in brain function, a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques were utilized including radioligand binding, autoradiography, brain microdialysis and antisense oligonucleotides.

2 Binding studies showed the tritiated form of the selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, RX821002 (methoxy-idazoxan) labelled an apparent single population of sites in rat brain membranes with high affinity (1 nM), for which prazosin had low affinity (1107 nM). Similar studies in rabbit brain membranes found that prazosin and oxymetazoline were able to displace. [3H]-RX821002 in a biphasic manner indicating the presence of subtypes of α2-adrenoceptors.

3 Receptor autoradiography revealed a distribution of [3H]-RX821002 binding in rat brain consistent with the labelling of all %aL2-adrenoceptor subtypes, namely α2A/D-, α2B and α2C.

4 In rat, in vivo brain dialysis experiments demonstrated peripherally administered RX821002 elevated basal noradrenaline in frontal cortex and also, although to a lesser extent, in ventral hippocampus. RX821002 was also able to elevate extracellular dopamine in the striatum.

5 A 7-day i.c.v. infusion of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting the α2A/D-adrenoceptor, resulted in a significant reduction in the autoradiographic density of [3H]-RX821002 binding in specific brain areas, notably the lateral septal nuclei and anterior hypothalamic area.

6 Several years of research by our group has extended our knowledge of the pharmacology and function of the α2-adrenoceptor and has provided evidence of the roles of this receptor in the control of monoamine turnover. The successful use of antisense technology to knockdown expression of the α2A/D subtype provides future opportunities to explore the physiology of this receptor subtype.

为了更充分地了解α2肾上腺素能受体在脑功能中的作用,我们采用了放射配体结合、放射自显影、脑微透析和反义寡核苷酸等体外和体内结合技术。2结合研究表明,选择性α2-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂RX821002(甲氧基-咪唑嗪)的tritriated形式在大鼠脑膜上具有高亲和力(1 nM)的单一位点,而吡唑嗪具有低亲和力(1107 nM)。对兔脑膜的类似研究发现,吡唑嗪和羟甲唑啉能够置换。[3H]-RX821002呈双相表达,表明存在α2-肾上腺素受体亚型。3受体放射自显影显示[3H]- rx821002结合在大鼠脑内的分布与所有% a2 -肾上腺素能受体亚型α2A/D-、α2B和α2C的标记一致。在大鼠中,体内脑透析实验表明,外周给药RX821002提高了额叶皮质的基础去甲肾上腺素,尽管程度较小,但也提高了腹侧海马的基础去甲肾上腺素。RX821002也能提高纹状体的细胞外多巴胺。5 . 7天静脉滴注一种靶向α2A/ d肾上腺素能受体的反义寡核苷酸,可显著降低[3H]-RX821002在特定脑区结合的放射自显影密度,尤其是中隔外侧核和下丘脑前部区。我们小组几年来的研究扩展了我们对α2肾上腺素能受体的药理学和功能的认识,并提供了该受体在控制单胺转换中的作用的证据。成功利用反义技术敲低α2A/D亚型的表达为未来探索该受体亚型的生理学提供了机会。
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引用次数: 28
Pharmacological analysis of vasoconstrictor responses to periarterial purinergic nerve stimulation 血管收缩剂对动脉周围嘌呤能神经刺激反应的药理学分析
Pub Date : 2009-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2680.1999.tb00009.x
X.-P. Yang, S. Chiba
1. Periarterial electrical nerve stimulation at a low frequency (1 Hz) readily induced a vasoconstrictor response of the canine splenic artery in a pulse number-related manner (1-30 pulses of trains). The vasoconstrictor response to trains of up to 10 pulses at 1 Hz of stimulation appeared to be monophasic, whereas it became clearly distinguished into two phases at a longer train of 30 pulses. 2. The monophasic vasoconstrictor responses to trains of 1, 3 or 10 pulses were not modified by an alpha1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, prazosin (0.1 microM), but were completely inhibited by the P2X receptor desensitization with alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-methylene ATP; 1 microM). The 1st phase of vasoconstriction induced by a train length of 30 pulses was not influenced by the treatment with prazosin, but was abolished by alpha,beta-methylene ATP. The 2nd phase response was markedly inhibited by prazosin, and the remaining response of this phase was blocked by alpha,beta-methylene ATP. 3. Rauwolscine (0.3 microM), an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, enhanced the vasoconstrictor responses to trains of 1, 3 or 10 pulses. Particularly at 10 pulses of electrical stimulation, the vasoconstrictor responses were significantly potentiated. The blockade of neuronal uptake of noradrenaline with imipramine (1 microM) did not affect the vasoconstrictor responses to trains of 1, 3 or 10 pulses. 4. It is concluded that short pulse trains of stimulation at a low frequency may selectively activate a purinergic component of sympathetic cotransmission, and the prejunctional alpha2-adrenergic feedback mechanism may tonically participate into the modulation of ATP release. Imipramine-sensitive neuronal uptake mechanism may not play an important role in regulating vascular responses to periarterial purinergic nerve stimulation.
1低频率(1hz)的动脉周围电神经刺激很容易诱导犬脾动脉以脉冲数相关的方式(1 - 30脉冲列)收缩血管。在1赫兹的刺激下,血管收缩剂对多达10个脉冲的反应似乎是单相的,而在更长的30个脉冲的反应中,血管收缩剂的反应明显分为两个阶段。2 α1-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂prazosin (0.1 μM)对1、3或10脉冲序列的单相血管收缩反应没有改变,但α,β-亚甲基腺苷5 ' -三磷酸(α,β-甲基ATP)对P2X受体脱敏作用完全抑制;1μM)。30脉冲序列引起的第一阶段血管收缩不受普拉唑嗪处理的影响,但被α,β-亚甲基ATP消除。prazosin明显抑制第2期反应,α,β-亚甲基ATP阻断第2期反应。α2-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂Rauwolscine (0.3 μM)对1、3或10次脉冲的血管收缩反应增强。特别是在10脉冲的电刺激下,血管收缩反应明显增强。丙咪嗪(1 μM)阻断神经元对去甲肾上腺素的摄取,对1、3或10次脉冲的血管收缩反应没有影响。由此可见,低频短脉冲刺激可选择性激活交感神经共递中的嘌呤能成分,而突触前α2-肾上腺素能反馈机制可能参与ATP释放的调节。丙咪嗪敏感的神经元摄取机制可能在调节血管对动脉周围嘌呤能神经刺激的反应中不起重要作用。
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引用次数: 6
Differential regulation of mesenteric and femoral blood flow in the rat as revealed by computerized data acquisition and evaluation 计算机数据采集和评估揭示了大鼠肠系膜和股血流的差异调节
Pub Date : 2008-10-09 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.1998.1810039.x
A. Heinemann, C. H. Wachter, P. Holzer

  • A set-up for computerized acquisition and evaluation of haemodynamic data was constructed. Blood flow (BF) in the superior mesenteric and femoral artery of urethane-anaesthetized rats was measured with the ultrasonic transit time shift technique. The signals for arteial blood pressure and BF were fed into a personal computer via an analogue-digital converter. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and vascular conductance (CV) were calculated on-line. For subsequent analysis of the data, algorithms were programmed to filter the data, and to determine average and peak values for each parameter.

  • Systemic hypertension induced by phenylephrine (3–300 nmol kg−1), angiotensin II (0.1–3.0 nmol kg−1) and arginine vasopressin (0.03–1.0 nmol kg−1) was accompanied by constriction of the mesenteric artery. In contrast, the femoral artery responded to phenylephrine with constriction, to angiotensin II with dilatation and to arginine vasopressin with dilation followed by constriction. The haemodynamic effects of endothelin-1 (0.03–3.0 nmol kg−1) were generally biphasic, the initial hypotension being associated with dilatation, and the delayed hypertension being accompanied by constriction of both the mesenteric and femoral arterial bed.

  • Terbutaline (3–1.0 nmol kg−1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (0.03–1 nmol kg−1) caused systemic hypotension along with mesenteric and femoral vasodilatation.

  • Telmisartan (1 mg kg−1), an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, dilated the mesenteric artery, but had no effect on femoral VC. In contrast, the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (0.1 mg kg−1), dilated the femoral artery without altering mesenteric VC. Similarly, the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (1 mg kg−1) had no effect on mesenteric VC, but constricted the femoral arterial bed.

  • These data demonstrate that the haemodynamic effects of exogenously administered drugs can widely differ between the mesenteric and femoral arterial beds of urethane-anaesthetized rats. Furthermore, vascular tone of these two arterial beds in maintained by different vasoconstrictor systems. While the femoral artery is mainly under adrenergic control, the renin-angiotensin axis is predominant in the mesenteric arterial bed. In addition, this study also demonstrates that computerized analysis enables quick and accurate estima

建立了血流动力学数据的计算机采集和评估系统。用超声传递时移技术测定了麻醉大鼠肠系膜上动脉和股动脉血流。动脉血压和心率信号通过模数转换器输入个人计算机。在线计算平均动脉血压、心率和血管导度(CV)。为了对数据进行后续分析,编写了算法来过滤数据,并确定每个参数的平均值和峰值。苯肾上腺素(3 ~ 300 nmol kg−1)、血管紧张素II (0.1 ~ 3.0 nmol kg−1)和精氨酸加压素(0.03 ~ 1.0 nmol kg−1)诱导的全身高血压伴肠系膜动脉收缩。相反,股动脉对苯肾上腺素的反应是收缩,对血管紧张素II的反应是扩张,对精氨酸加压素的反应是扩张后收缩。内皮素-1 (0.03-3.0 nmol kg -1)对血流动力学的影响通常是双相的,初始低血压与扩张有关,迟发性高血压伴随着肠系膜和股动脉床的收缩。特布他林(3-1.0 nmol kg−1)和降钙素基因相关肽(0.03-1 nmol kg−1)引起全身低血压,并伴有肠系膜和股动脉血管扩张。替米沙坦(1mg kg−1),一种血管紧张素AT1受体拮抗剂,扩张肠系膜动脉,但对股VC无影响。相比之下,α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂吡唑嗪(0.1 mg kg−1)扩张股动脉,但不改变肠系膜VC。同样,β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂心得安(1mg kg−1)对肠系膜VC无影响,但收缩股动脉床。这些数据表明,外源性给药药物对尿素麻醉大鼠肠系膜和股动脉床的血流动力学影响可能存在很大差异。此外,这两种动脉床的血管张力是由不同的血管收缩系统维持的。股动脉主要受肾上腺素能控制,肾素-血管紧张素轴主要位于肠系膜动脉床。此外,本研究还表明,计算机分析可以快速准确地估计血流动力学药物效应,并且优于“手工”评估所研究的血管床功能直径的峰值变化。
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引用次数: 12
Effect of K+ channel blocking drugs and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the response to hypoxia in rat pulmonary artery rings K+通道阻断药物和一氧化氮合酶抑制对大鼠肺动脉环缺氧反应的影响
Pub Date : 2008-10-09 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.1998.1810049.x
M. R. Karamsetty, R. M. Wadsworth, K. A. Kane

  • The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of potassium (K+) channel blockers and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-nitroarginine (L-NOARG), on the response produced by acute hypoxia in rat intrapulmonary artery rings in vitro.

  • In rat phenylephrine-precontracted pulmonary artery rings, hypoxia (pO2= 7 mmHg) induced a response which consisted of a rapidly developing initial contraction (phase 1), a transient relaxation (phase 2) and a slowly developing sustained contraction (phase 3) over 30 min. The NOS inhibitor, L-NOARG (300 μm), attenuated phase 1 and 3, and amplified phase 2 of the response to hypoxia. The voltage-gated K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (10 mM) also abolished phase 3 and magnified phase 2 of the response to hypoxia.

  • The hypoxic response was not modified by the calcium-activated K+ channel (KCa) blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) (20 mM) or charybdotoxin (50 or 200 nM), nor by the ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP) blocker, glibenclamide (10 μM).

  • L-NOARG (300 μM) and 4-AP (10 mM) also abolished carbachol-induced endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation. Relaxation produced by the NO releasing agent 3-morpholino sydnonimine (SIN-1) was reduced by 4-AP (10 mM) and TEA (20 mM).

  • The data suggest that NO production is reduced during severe hypoxia in rat intrapulmonary artery rings and that this underlies the sustained phase of the hypoxic contraction. The data also suggests that 4-AP- sensitive K+ channels play an important role in the release andor action of NO, and therefore, in the response to hypoxia.

本研究旨在探讨钾(K+)通道阻滞剂和一氧化氮(NO)合成酶抑制剂l -硝基精氨酸(L-NOARG)对体外大鼠肺内动脉环急性缺氧反应的影响。在大鼠苯肾上腺素预收缩肺动脉环中,缺氧(pO2= 7 mmHg)诱导的反应包括快速发展的初始收缩(第1期)、短暂松弛(第2期)和缓慢发展的持续收缩(第3期),持续时间超过30 min。NOS抑制剂L-NOARG (300 μm)可减弱缺氧反应的第1期和第3期,并放大缺氧反应的第2期。电压门控K+通道阻滞剂4-氨基吡啶(4-AP) (10 mM)也消除了缺氧反应的第3期,放大了第2期。钙活化的K+通道(KCa)阻滞剂四乙基铵(TEA) (20 mM)或白肉毒素(50或200 nM)没有改变缺氧反应,atp依赖性K+通道(KATP)阻滞剂格列本脲(10 μM)也没有改变。L-NOARG (300 μM)和4-AP (10 mM)也能消除碳甾醇诱导的内皮依赖性no介导的松弛。一氧化氮释放剂3-morpholino sydnon亚胺(SIN-1)产生的松弛作用减少4-AP (10 mM)和TEA (20 mM)。数据表明,大鼠肺内动脉环在严重缺氧时一氧化氮的产生减少,这是缺氧收缩持续阶段的基础。这些数据还表明,4-AP敏感的K+通道在NO的释放和作用中起重要作用,因此在缺氧反应中起重要作用。
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引用次数: 14
Involvement of the L-arginine/nitric oxide neural pathway in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxation of the bovine oesophageal groove l -精氨酸/一氧化氮神经通路参与牛食管沟非肾上腺素能、非胆碱能松弛
Pub Date : 2008-10-09 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.1998.1820065.x
M. V. Barahona, S. Sánchez-Fortún, M. D. San Andrés, E. Ballesteros, J. Contreras, M. San Andrés
1. The distribution and localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity in the bovine oesophageal groove were investigated by immnunohistochemical and histochemical staining techniques. Functional in vitro studies were performed to correlate the presence of NOS-immunoreactivity (IR) and NADPH-d staining with smooth muscle relaxations involving the L-arginine/nitric oxide neural pathway in the bovine oesophageal groove activity. 2. NOS-IR and NADPH-d were expressed in nerve cell bodies of the myenteric, submucosal and intramuscular ganglia, and in nerve fibres distributed around blood vessels and throughout the different muscular layers of the bovine oesophageal groove. 3. In oesophageal groove strips treated with guanethidine (10(-5) M) and atropine (10(-7) M) to block noradrenergic neurotransmission and muscarinic receptors, respectively, electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.5-32 Hz, 1 ms duration, 20-s trains) induced relaxations which were practically abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10(-6) M). 4. Incubation with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 3 x 10(-5) M), significantly inhibited relaxations induced by EFS. This inhibition was partially reversed by L-arginine (L-arg, 5 x 10(-3) M). D-NOARG (3 x 10(-5) M) had no effect on EFS-induced relaxations. 5. NO added as an acidified solution of NaNO2 (10(-6) - 10(-3) M) and S-nitroso-L-cysteine (10(-7) - 10(-4) M) caused concentration-dependent relaxations of the bovine oesophageal groove. These relaxations were unaffected by L-NOARG (3 x 10(-5) M). 6. The presence of NO-synthesizing enzyme in nerves and ganglia, and the pharmacological evidence for NO-mediated smooth muscle relaxation suggested that the L-arg/NO neuronal pathway is involved in the inhibitory neurotransmission of the bovine oesophageal groove.
采用免疫组织化学和组织化学染色技术研究了牛食管沟一氧化氮合酶(NOS)免疫反应性和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸二磷酸酶(NADPH-d)活性的分布和定位。体外功能研究NOS-免疫反应性(IR)和NADPH-d染色与牛食管沟活动中涉及l -精氨酸/一氧化氮神经通路的平滑肌松弛的相关性。NOS-IR和NADPH-d表达于肌肠、粘膜下和肌内神经节的神经细胞体以及分布在血管周围和牛食管沟不同肌肉层的神经纤维中。用胍乙啶(10−5 M)和阿托品(10−7 M)分别阻断去甲肾上腺素能神经传递和毒碱受体,在食管沟条中,电场刺激(EFS, 0.5-32 Hz, 1 ms持续时间,20 s序列)诱导松弛,实际上被河河鱼毒素(TTX, 10−6 M)所消除。显著抑制EFS引起的松弛。这种抑制作用被l -精氨酸(L-arg, 5 × 10−3 M)部分逆转,而D-NOARG (3 × 10−5 M)对efs诱导的弛缓没有影响。作为NaNO2(10−6-10−3 M)和s -亚硝基- l -半胱氨酸(10−7-10−4 M)酸化溶液添加的NO引起牛食管沟的浓度依赖性松弛。L-arg (3 × 10−5 M)对牛食管沟的神经传导无影响。神经和神经节中NO合成酶的存在,以及NO介导的平滑肌松弛的药理学证据表明,L-arg/NO神经元通路参与了牛食管沟的抑制性神经传递。
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引用次数: 9
Prevention by a somatostatin analogue of the hypertensive and cardiovascular structural changes induced by blockade of adenosine receptors 通过生长抑素类似物阻断腺苷受体引起的高血压和心血管结构改变预防
Pub Date : 2008-10-09 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.1997.00459.x
C. Calhau, F. Martel, M.N.M.P. Alçada, I. Azevedo

1 Long-term administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX), causes arterial hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophic and hyperplastic changes (Matias, Albino-Teixeira, Polónia & Azevedo, 1991). As somatostatin is a repressor of cell growth, and adenosine is a potent inducer of the somatostatin gene, we investigated the putative involvement of somatostatin in the cardiovascular effects of DPSPX.

2 DPSPX (90 μg kg−1 h−1, i.p.) or saline and the somatostatin analogue, octreotide (75 μg kg−1 day−1, s.c.), or saline were infused through Alzet minipumps to Wistar rats. Blood pressure was measured with the tail-cuff technique. Seven days after implantation of the minipumps the rats were killed and the tissues prepared for microscopy.

3 DPSPX induced arterial hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophic and hyperplastic changes as previously described (Matias et al., 1991). Treatment of the rats with octreotide alone had no effect either on blood pressure or in blood vessel morphology. However, octreotide prevented both the hypertensive and the cardiovascular morphologic effects of DPSPX.

4 The results are compatible with the involvement of somatostatin in the long-term cardiovascular effects of adenosine.

1长期服用腺苷受体拮抗剂1,3-二丙基-8-磺苯基黄嘌呤(DPSPX)可引起动脉高血压和心血管肥厚和增生性改变(Matias, Albino-Teixeira, Polónia &代理,1991)。由于生长抑素是细胞生长的抑制因子,而腺苷是生长抑素基因的有效诱导剂,我们研究了生长抑素在DPSPX心血管效应中的可能参与。2 DPSPX (90 μg kg−1 h−1,ig)或生理盐水与生长抑素类似物奥曲肽(75 μg kg−1 d−1,s.c),或生理盐水通过Alzet微型泵输注Wistar大鼠。采用尾袖技术测量血压。植入微型泵7天后处死大鼠,组织制备用于显微镜观察。DPSPX引起动脉高血压和心血管肥厚和增生性改变,如前所述(Matias et al., 1991)。单用奥曲肽治疗大鼠对血压和血管形态均无影响。然而,奥曲肽可以预防DPSPX的高血压和心血管形态学影响。该结果与生长抑素参与腺苷的长期心血管效应是一致的。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Autonomic and Autacoid Pharmacology
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