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Properties of the induced acid phosphatase and of the constitutive acid phosphatase of Euglena 绿藻诱导酸性磷酸酶及其组成性酸性磷酸酶的性质
Pub Date : 1966-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90147-0
A. Bennun, J.J. Blum

The induced acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) of Euglena gracilis has been solubilized and partially purified. The enzyme has a wide range of substrate specificity and, as predicted from earlier studies on whole cells, the ratio of its activity at pH 5 to its activity at pH 7 in presence of 5 mM fluoride is 1.1 for p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by arsenate and phosphate, but exhibits mixed competitive-non-competitive inhibition with molybdate. The enzyme migrates towards the cathode when electrophoresis is performed on cellulose acetate strips at pH 8.2. Euglena also contains several other acid phosphatases. The two major constitutive acid phosphatases, which remain particle-bound after a variety of extraction procedures, differ in their thermal stability from each other and from the induced phosphatase. The ratio of activity at pH 5 to the activity at pH 7 plus 5 mM fluoride for the mixture of these two constitutive enzymes is 15. These observations establish that the increase in acid phosphatase activity occurring in Euglena in response to phosphate deprivation is due to the synthesis of a separate enzyme. The heat of thermal inactivation of the purified induced enzyme is about four times larger than the heat of denaturation computed from the effect of temperature on the rate of reversion of the induced phosphatase in vivo.

对细叶茅诱导的酸性磷酸酶(EC 3.1.3.2)进行了溶解和部分纯化。该酶具有广泛的底物特异性,正如早期对整个细胞的研究所预测的那样,对硝基苯磷酸盐作为底物,其在pH 5下的活性与在pH 7下存在5毫米氟化物时的活性之比为1.1。该酶被砷酸盐和磷酸盐竞争性抑制,但与钼酸盐表现出混合竞争性和非竞争性抑制。当电泳在pH值为8.2的醋酸纤维素条上进行时,酶向阴极迁移。绿藻还含有其他几种酸性磷酸酶。这两种主要的组成型酸性磷酸酶在各种提取过程后仍保持颗粒结合,它们的热稳定性不同于彼此,也不同于诱导的磷酸酶。这两种组成酶的混合物在pH值为5时的活性与pH值为7加5毫米氟化物时的活性之比为15。这些观察结果表明,绿藻中酸性磷酸酶活性的增加是由于一种单独的酶的合成而引起的。纯化的诱导酶的热失活热大约是由温度对体内诱导磷酸酶还原速率的影响计算的变性热的四倍。
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引用次数: 23
Separation of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from calf brain cytoplasm 小牛脑浆中β- n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖酶和β- n -乙酰半乳糖氨基酶的分离
Pub Date : 1966-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90167-6
Yaacov Zvi Frohwein , Shimon Gatt
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引用次数: 29
Observation of specific interaction of mononucleotides with ribonucleases by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 核磁共振光谱法观察单核苷酸与核糖核酸酶的特异相互作用
Pub Date : 1966-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90146-9
Yasuo Inoue, Sadako Inoue

  • 1.

    1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were measured to demonstrate the specific interaction of substrates (mononucleotides) with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease I (ribonucleate pyrimidinenucleotido-2′-transferase (cyclizing), EC 2.7.7.16) and Taka-Diastase ribonuclease T1 (ribonucleate guaninenucleotido-2′-transferase (cyclizing), EC 2.7.7.26).

  • 2.

    2. The line widths at half height of certain low field signals exhibited by substrates were taken as a measure of the extent of the interaction.

  • 3.

    3. The NMR spectrum of ribonuclease T1 has been measured and interpreted in the light of its known primary structure for the first time.

  • 4.

    4. The spectra of 2′(3′)UMP and uridine were measured in the presence of native ribonuclease I and thermally denaturated ribonuclease I, and it was found that 2′(3′)UMP signals underwent narrowing after heat treatment whereas the spectrum of uridine remained almost unchanged, indicating that only 2′(3′)UMP interacts effectively with the enzyme molecule and that this interaction does not occur after denaturation of the enzyme.

1.1. 利用核磁共振(NMR)谱分析了底物(单核苷酸)与牛胰腺核糖核酸酶I(核糖核酸嘧啶核苷-2′-转移酶(环化),EC 2.7.7.16)和taka -淀淀酶T1(核糖核酸鸟嘌呤核苷-2′-转移酶(环化),EC 2.7.7.26)的特异性相互作用。采用衬底所显示的某些低场信号的半高线宽作为相互作用程度的度量。根据已知的一级结构,首次对核糖核酸酶T1的核磁共振谱进行了测量和解释。在天然核糖核酸酶I和热变性核糖核酸酶I存在的情况下,测定了2’(3’)UMP和尿苷的光谱,发现2’(3’)UMP的信号在热处理后变窄,而尿苷的光谱基本保持不变,这表明只有2’(3’)UMP与酶分子有效相互作用,而这种相互作用在酶变性后不会发生。
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引用次数: 2
Mechanism of arginine biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardti I. Purification and properties of ornithine acetyltransferase 莱茵衣藻精氨酸生物合成机制1 .鸟氨酸乙酰转移酶的纯化及性质
Pub Date : 1966-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90144-5
Maria Staub, G. Dénes

  • 1.

    1. Ornithine acetyltransferase (proposed name, α-N-acetyl-l-ornithine:l-glutamateN-acetyltransferase) which catalyzes the first step in arginine biosynthesis, the formation of N-acetylglutamate from α-N-acetyl-l-ornithine and l-glutamate, has been isolated from the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardti.

  • 2.

    2. The enzyme has a broad pH optimum between 7.5 and 9. The Km value of the enzyme at pH 7.5 is 1.3 · 10−2 M for glutamate and 5.5 · 10 −3 M for α-N-acetyl-l-ornithine. The reaction is reversible; the equilibrium constant expressed as K = [acetylglutamate][ornithine]/[acetylornithine][glutamate] is 0.47.

  • 3.

    3. Beside the transferase activity, the enzyme has also a hydrolytic activity. The rate of the hydrolytic reaction for α-N acetylornithine is 1% of that of the acetyltransferase reaction.

  • 4.

    4. No specific cofactor has been found. The enzyme is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, but not by iodoacetate.

1.1. 从莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardti)中分离到一种鸟氨酸乙酰转移酶(拟命名为α- n -乙酰基-l-鸟氨酸:l-谷氨酸乙酰转移酶),它催化精氨酸生物合成的第一步,即α- n -乙酰基-l-鸟氨酸和l-谷氨酸形成n -乙酰谷氨酸。这种酶的最适pH值在7.5到9之间。在pH 7.5时,谷氨酸酶的Km值为1.3·10−2 M, α- n -乙酰-l-鸟氨酸酶的Km值为5.5·10−3 M。反应是可逆的;用K =[乙酰谷氨酸][鸟氨酸]/[乙酰鸟氨酸][谷氨酸]表示的平衡常数为0.47.3.3。除了转移酶活性外,该酶还具有水解活性。α-N乙酰鸟氨酸水解反应速率为乙酰转移酶反应速率的1%。没有发现具体的辅助因子。对氯脲苯甲酸酯对该酶有抑制作用,而碘乙酸对其无抑制作用。
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引用次数: 34
Generation of reducing power in chemosynthesis IV. Energy-linked reduction of pyridine nucleotides by succinate in Thiobacillus novellus 化学合成中还原力的产生。新硫杆菌中琥珀酸盐的能量链还原吡啶核苷酸
Pub Date : 1966-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90136-6
M.I.H. Aleem

  • 1.

    1. The experiments described in this report have indicated that the reduction of NAD+ by succinate in Thiobacillus novellus is energy-dependent. By blocking the electron transport chain with antimycin A, the endergonic reduction of NAD+ by succinate required ATP. The pyridine nucleotide reduction involved the mediation of the flavoprotein system as Atabrine and Amytal inhibited the process.

  • 2.

    2. Added mammalian cytochrome c has been shown to couple with the electron transport chain of T. novellus thus effecting the catalysis of the generation of high-energy intermediates coupled to succinate oxidation in the absence of inorganic phosphate. The non-phosphorylated high-energy compounds thus can be generated either at coupling site II by oxidation of succinate with cytochrome c as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions, or at sites II and III under aerobic conditions, or at site III by the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c involving electron transport to molecular oxygen through the cytochrome oxidase portion of the respiratory chain. In all cases the reduction of NAD+ was driven by the generated high-energy intermediates involving reversal of electron transfer from the cytochrome c level.

  • 3.

    3. The energy-dependent reduction of NAD+ by succinate involving reversal of electron transfer from the cytochrome c level was sensitive to 2,4-dinitrophenol, dicumarol and arsenate. It was also inhibited by atabrine and Amytal. Antimycin A was effective in partial inhibition of the reversal of electron transfer. In addition malonate and cyanide were found to be potent inhibitors. The mechanism for the generation and utilization of energy for the reversed electron flow, is discussed.

1.1. 本报告中描述的实验表明,琥珀酸盐对新硫杆菌NAD+的还原是能量依赖性的。通过用抗霉素A阻断电子传递链,琥珀酸盐对NAD+的内源性还原需要ATP。吡啶核苷酸的还原涉及黄蛋白系统的中介作用,阿他滨和阿米妥抑制了这一过程。添加的哺乳动物细胞色素c已被证明与T. novellus的电子传递链偶联,从而在没有无机磷酸盐的情况下影响催化生成耦合琥珀酸氧化的高能中间体。因此,非磷酸化的高能化合物可以在偶联位点II上产生,在厌氧条件下,琥珀酸盐与细胞色素c作为电子受体氧化,或者在有氧条件下,在II和III位点上产生,或者在III位点上,通过呼吸链的细胞色素氧化酶部分将电子传递到分子氧,通过细胞色素c氧化产生。在所有情况下,NAD+的还原都是由产生的高能中间体驱动的,涉及细胞色素c水平的电子转移的逆转。琥珀酸盐对NAD+的能量依赖性还原涉及细胞色素c水平电子转移的逆转,对2,4-二硝基苯酚、双酚醇和砷酸盐敏感。阿他滨和阿米妥也能抑制。抗霉素A对电子转移逆转有部分抑制作用。此外,丙二酸盐和氰化物被发现是有效的抑制剂。讨论了反电子流能量的产生和利用机理。
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引用次数: 22
Structural requirements for substrate binding to propionyl-CoA carboxylase 底物与丙酰辅酶a羧化酶结合的结构要求
Pub Date : 1966-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90154-8
C.S. Hegre, M.Daniel Lane

Further purification of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) from bovine-liver mitochondria is reported. On the basis of the present and earlier investigations it is concluded that binding of acyl-CoA substrates by the carboxylase occurs through the CoA moiety. The relative maximum velocities of propionyl-CoA, propionyl-dephospho-CoA, and propionyl-pantetheine carboxylation were 1.0, 0.29, and 0.014, respectively; the Km values for the same substrates were 2.6·10−4, 2.8·10−3, and 2.4·10−2 M, respectively. Enzymatic carboxylation of propionyl-N-acetylcysteamine could not be demonstrated. Coenzyme A and 3′-AMP were found to inhibit the carboxylation reaction competitively with respect to propionyl-CoA, whereas, inhibition by 2′-AMP and 5′-AMP was of a mixed type. The binding of acyl-CoA substrate to the carboxylase appears to involve the 3′-phosphate, adenine, and pantoyl moieties of the subsrate. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase is protected from p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibition by propionyl-CoA, whereas, ATP-MgCl2 facilitates this inhibition.

进一步从牛肝线粒体中纯化丙酰辅酶a羧化酶(EC 6.4.1.3)。根据目前和早期的研究,可以得出结论,羧化酶通过辅酶a片段结合酰基辅酶a底物。丙酰辅酶a、丙酰去磷酸辅酶a和丙酰泛氨酸羧化反应的相对最大速度分别为1.0、0.29和0.014;相同基质的Km值分别为2.6·10−4、2.8·10−3和2.4·10−2 M。不能证明丙炔- n -乙酰半胱胺的酶羧化作用。辅酶A和3′-AMP对丙酰辅酶A的羧化反应具有竞争性抑制作用,而2′-AMP和5′-AMP的抑制作用为混合型。酰基辅酶a底物与羧化酶的结合似乎涉及底物的3 ' -磷酸、腺嘌呤和泛酰基部分。丙烯酰辅酶a羧化酶不受丙烯酰辅酶a对氯脲苯甲酸盐的抑制,而ATP-MgCl2促进了这种抑制。
{"title":"Structural requirements for substrate binding to propionyl-CoA carboxylase","authors":"C.S. Hegre,&nbsp;M.Daniel Lane","doi":"10.1016/0926-6593(66)90154-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0926-6593(66)90154-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Further purification of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) from bovine-liver mitochondria is reported. On the basis of the present and earlier investigations it is concluded that binding of acyl-CoA substrates by the carboxylase occurs through the CoA moiety. The relative maximum velocities of propionyl-CoA, propionyl-dephospho-CoA, and propionyl-pantetheine carboxylation were 1.0, 0.29, and 0.014, respectively; the <span><math><mtext>K</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>m</mn></msub></math></span> values for the same substrates were 2.6·10<sup>−4</sup>, 2.8·10<sup>−3</sup>, and 2.4·10<sup>−2</sup> M, respectively. Enzymatic carboxylation of <span><math><mtext>propionyl</mtext><mtext>-N-</mtext><mtext>acetylcysteamine</mtext></math></span> could not be demonstrated. Coenzyme A and 3′-AMP were found to inhibit the carboxylation reaction competitively with respect to propionyl-CoA, whereas, inhibition by 2′-AMP and 5′-AMP was of a mixed type. The binding of acyl-CoA substrate to the carboxylase appears to involve the 3′-phosphate, adenine, and pantoyl moieties of the subsrate. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase is protected from <span><math><mtext>p-</mtext><mtext>chloromercuribenzoate</mtext></math></span> inhibition by propionyl-CoA, whereas, ATP-MgCl<sub>2</sub> facilitates this inhibition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100160,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology and Biological Oxidation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0926-6593(66)90154-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17043508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Rat heart pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase activities. Sub-cellular distribution, catalytic properties, and hormonal responses 大鼠心脏焦磷酸盐磷酸水解酶活性。亚细胞分布、催化性质和激素反应
Pub Date : 1966-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90042-7
James F. Soodsma, Robert C. Nordlie

  • 1.

    1. Inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in cardiac tissue homogenates has been investigated.

  • 2.

    2. A sub-cellular distribution study indicated that the predominant PPi-metabolizing activity is Mg2+-stimulated soluble-fraction phosphohydrolase which is maximally active in the range pH 7–7.5.

  • 3.

    3. Relatively small amounts of activity also were detected in particulate fractions at pH 7.3 in the presence of Mg2+. Activity was essentially absent from all fractions at pH 5.6 without added Mg2+.

  • 4.

    4. PPi-glucose phosphotransferase activity1 could not be detected in any sub-cellular fraction or in homogenates.

  • 5.

    5. Catalytically, the soluble fraction activity resembles a number of other PPi phosphohydrolases with respect to (a) absolute requirement for Mg2+, (b) alkaline pH optimum (pH 7.3 for the heart enzyme), and (c) marked sensitivity to Ca2+ inhibition.

  • 6.

    6. Alloxan diabetes produced an approx. 33% drop in PPi phosphohydrolase activity. Insulin administration, adrenalectomy, or cortisone treatment did not produce statistically significant changes in levels of enzymic activity.

  • 7.

    7. Inhibition due to Ca2+ was reversed by EDTA or additional Mg2+, but not by supplemental PPi. Citrate inhibited the system both in the presence and absence of Ca2+.

  • 8.

    8. A feedback mechanism for retardation of calcification in the vascular system of and near the heart is suggested based on the observations that (a) heart PPi phosphohydrolase is extremely sensitive to Ca2+ inhibition, and (b) calcification of the aorta is inhibited by PPi (ref. 2).

1.1. 研究了心脏组织匀浆中无机焦磷酸盐的代谢。亚细胞分布研究表明,主要的ppi代谢活性是Mg2+刺激的可溶性部分磷酸水解酶,在pH 7 ~ 7.5.3.3范围内活性最高。在Mg2+存在的情况下,在pH为7.3的颗粒组分中也检测到相对少量的活性。在没有添加Mg2+.4.4的情况下,所有馏分在pH 5.6时基本没有活性。ppi -葡萄糖磷酸转移酶活性1在任何亚细胞部分或匀浆中均未检测到。在催化方面,可溶性部分的活性与许多其他PPi磷酸水解酶相似(a)对Mg2+的绝对需求,(b)碱性pH最佳(心脏酶pH为7.3),以及(c)对Ca2+抑制的显著敏感性。四氧嘧啶糖尿病产生了大约。PPi磷酸水解酶活性下降33%。胰岛素治疗、肾上腺切除术或可的松治疗对酶活性水平没有统计学意义的改变。EDTA或额外的Mg2+可以逆转Ca2+的抑制作用,但补充PPi不能逆转。在Ca2+存在和不存在的情况下,柠檬酸盐对该系统均有抑制作用。根据观察(A)心脏PPi磷酸水解酶对Ca2+抑制极其敏感,(b)主动脉的钙化被PPi抑制(参考文献2),提出了一种延迟心脏血管系统和心脏附近钙化的反馈机制。
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引用次数: 10
A collagenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 来自铜绿假单胞菌的胶原酶
Pub Date : 1966-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90052-X
Guenther Schoellmann, Earl Fisher Jr.
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引用次数: 37
Aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli I. Inhibition by inorganic anions 大肠杆菌的天冬氨酸转氨基酶1 .无机阴离子的抑制作用
Pub Date : 1966-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90037-3
Kjell Kleppe

  • 1.

    1. The effect of different inorganic anions on the catalytic activity of native and subunit aspartate transcarbamylase (carbamoylphosphate: l-aspartate carbamoltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) has been investigated at pH 7.0 and 25°.

  • 2.

    2. Several inorganic anions were found to inhibit both native and subunit aspartate transcarbamylase. The order of effectiveness for the best inhibitors was: PPi > F > Pi > SO42−.

  • 3.

    3. For each ion except F, a strict competitive relationship was observed between the anion inhibitors and the substrate carbamyl phosphate.

  • 4.

    4. The concentration of l-aspartate also greatly influenced the magnitude of the inhibition. The inhibition increased with increasing concentration of l-aspartate.

  • 5.

    5. The effect of F was shown to be due to a displacement of the pH curve along the pH axis. F inhibited native asparatate transcarbamylase below pH 8 and activated it above this pH.

  • 6.

    6. Possible mechanisms of inhibition are discussed, and it is suggested that an inhibitor-l-aspartate complex is formed at the active site.

1.1. 研究了不同无机阴离子在pH 7.0和25°0.2.2条件下对天然和亚单位天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(氨基酰基磷酸酯:l-天冬氨酸氨基转移酶,EC 2.1.3.2)催化活性的影响。一些无机阴离子被发现抑制天然和亚基天冬氨酸转氨基酶。最佳抑制剂的有效性顺序为:PPi >F−祝辞π的在SO42−.3.3。除F−外,阴离子抑制剂与底物氨甲酰磷酸盐之间存在严格的竞争关系。l-天冬氨酸的浓度对抑制的程度也有很大影响。随着l-天冬氨酸浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。F−的影响是由于pH曲线沿pH轴的位移引起的。F−在pH低于8时抑制天然天冬氨酸转甲氨基酰基酶,在pH高于6.6时激活它。讨论了可能的抑制机制,认为在活性位点形成了抑制剂-l-天冬氨酸复合物。
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引用次数: 29
A spectropolarimetric investigation of bovine cobalt carbonic anhydrase 牛钴碳酸酐酶的光谱偏振学研究
Pub Date : 1966-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90045-2
Sven Lindskog
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology and Biological Oxidation
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