Organoids, three-dimensional cellular constructs, have revolutionized in vitro culture by replicating the histological and physiological functions of organs, offering a model that closely mimics physiological conditions. Liver cancer presents a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and the influence of the liver's microenvironment on therapeutic responses. Organoid technology addresses this complexity by simulating the tumor microenvironment in vitro, capturing the heterogeneity of liver cancer, and facilitating personalized treatment approaches. This study explores the integration of organoids in liver cancer research, focusing on genetic and phenotypic fidelity, disease modeling, and drug screening. We discuss the latest advancements in biotechnology, including CRISPR/Cas9, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidics, and their role in personalized medicine. Despite challenges in scalability and variability, organoids offer a promising avenue for liver cancer research and precision oncology, with the potential to transform our understanding and treatment of this disease.
{"title":"Developing biotechnologies in organoids for liver cancer","authors":"Yingzhe Hu , Zheng Peng , Mengdi Qiu , Lingling Xue , Haozhen Ren , Xingyu Wu , Xinhua Zhu , Yitao Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organoids, three-dimensional cellular constructs, have revolutionized in vitro culture by replicating the histological and physiological functions of organs, offering a model that closely mimics physiological conditions. Liver cancer presents a significant challenge due to its heterogeneity and the influence of the liver's microenvironment on therapeutic responses. Organoid technology addresses this complexity by simulating the tumor microenvironment in vitro, capturing the heterogeneity of liver cancer, and facilitating personalized treatment approaches. This study explores the integration of organoids in liver cancer research, focusing on genetic and phenotypic fidelity, disease modeling, and drug screening. We discuss the latest advancements in biotechnology, including CRISPR/Cas9, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidics, and their role in personalized medicine. Despite challenges in scalability and variability, organoids offer a promising avenue for liver cancer research and precision oncology, with the potential to transform our understanding and treatment of this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.004
Vladimir S. Komlev , Vladislav A. Parfenov , Pavel A. Karalkin , Stanislav V. Petrov , Frederico D.A.S. Pereira , Elizaveta V. Koudan , Aleksandr A. Levin , Margarita A. Golberg , Alexander Yu. Fedotov , Igor V. Smirnov , Andrey D. Kaprin , Natalia S. Sergeeva , Irina K. Sviridova , Valentina A. Kirsanova , Suraja A. Akhmedova , Georgy V. Mamin , Marat R. Gafurov , Alexey N. Gurin , Yusef D. Khesuani , Yury M. Urlichich
Space exploration is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks ever undertaken since the emergence of humankind. The International Space Station is a unique platform for advanced technology research that is not possible anywhere else. Tissue engineering in outer space, where state of the gravity can be ‘turned off’ or ‘turned on’ in the case of application of centrifuges, is a new research field with high-value goals. The microgravity conditions allow to design novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth but benefit the Earth civilisation. Developing and manufacturing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge may lead to novel biomaterials that will find important applications in medicine on Earth and/or for long-duration space missions. Today, there are only a handful of emerging biomaterials that have been tested in space, none of which have been used for their eventual function. This paper presents advances in space technology via 3D magnetic assembly: the development of synthetic bone graft constructs aboard the International Space Station during expeditions 60/61 with clear evidence of the materials' functioning in preclinical (animal) tests on Earth. The results indicate high osteoconductivity and ultimately a good rate of tissue formation by the bone grafts prepared in space.
{"title":"Space manufacturing of a bone tissue destined for patients on Earth?","authors":"Vladimir S. Komlev , Vladislav A. Parfenov , Pavel A. Karalkin , Stanislav V. Petrov , Frederico D.A.S. Pereira , Elizaveta V. Koudan , Aleksandr A. Levin , Margarita A. Golberg , Alexander Yu. Fedotov , Igor V. Smirnov , Andrey D. Kaprin , Natalia S. Sergeeva , Irina K. Sviridova , Valentina A. Kirsanova , Suraja A. Akhmedova , Georgy V. Mamin , Marat R. Gafurov , Alexey N. Gurin , Yusef D. Khesuani , Yury M. Urlichich","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space exploration is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks ever undertaken since the emergence of humankind. The International Space Station is a unique platform for advanced technology research that is not possible anywhere else. Tissue engineering in outer space, where state of the gravity can be ‘turned off’ or ‘turned on’ in the case of application of centrifuges, is a new research field with high-value goals. The microgravity conditions allow to design novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth but benefit the Earth civilisation. Developing and manufacturing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge may lead to novel biomaterials that will find important applications in medicine on Earth and/or for long-duration space missions. Today, there are only a handful of emerging biomaterials that have been tested in space, none of which have been used for their eventual function. This paper presents advances in space technology <em>via</em> 3D magnetic assembly: the development of synthetic bone graft constructs aboard the International Space Station during expeditions 60/61 with clear evidence of the materials' functioning in preclinical (animal) tests on Earth. The results indicate high osteoconductivity and ultimately a good rate of tissue formation by the bone grafts prepared in space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.11.001
Wenhan Li , Quanchi Chen , Yanyu Ma , Haiwen Su , Haoyu Ren , Huan Wang
Bacteria-infected wounds are enormous clinical obstacles and cause huge burdens to patients and society. Recently, many biomaterials are designed to treat bacterial infected wounds. Among various biomaterials, antibacterial hydrogels are one of the most recommended groups due to their ability to load antibacterial drugs and cover wounds while maintaining a moist environment. In this review, we present the progress in antibacterial hydrogels for bacteria-infected wound treatment. We first summarize the pathophysiology of bacteria-infected wounds, which demonstrates the clinical manifestations and offers clinical therapy projects. Afterwards, we describe the different morphologies of antibacterial hydrogels. Then, we focus on the various practical applications and therapeutic effects of antibacterial hydrogels. At last, the recent problems and outlook of antibacterial hydrogels for bacteria-infected wound healing are summarized. We hope this review can inspire the development of bacteria-infected wound treatment and the related biomedical fields.
{"title":"Antibacterial hydrogels for bacteria-infected wound treatment","authors":"Wenhan Li , Quanchi Chen , Yanyu Ma , Haiwen Su , Haoyu Ren , Huan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria-infected wounds are enormous clinical obstacles and cause huge burdens to patients and society. Recently, many biomaterials are designed to treat bacterial infected wounds. Among various biomaterials, antibacterial hydrogels are one of the most recommended groups due to their ability to load antibacterial drugs and cover wounds while maintaining a moist environment. In this review, we present the progress in antibacterial hydrogels for bacteria-infected wound treatment. We first summarize the pathophysiology of bacteria-infected wounds, which demonstrates the clinical manifestations and offers clinical therapy projects. Afterwards, we describe the different morphologies of antibacterial hydrogels. Then, we focus on the various practical applications and therapeutic effects of antibacterial hydrogels. At last, the recent problems and outlook of antibacterial hydrogels for bacteria-infected wound healing are summarized. We hope this review can inspire the development of bacteria-infected wound treatment and the related biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.002
Hongze Chang, Feng Cai, Xiaohu Li, Ang Li, Yan Zhang, Xiaolong Yang, Xiaodong Liu
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of low-back pain, which brings huge threaten to patients' life and workability. However, IDD's pathophysiology is still a puzzle, thus conventional conservative therapy leads to little success. Among all advanced therapies, the rising gene therapy might be the most promising, which combats diseases by the long-term expression of therapeutic proteins, silencing pathological genes, or editing genes. Since circular RNA (circRNA) is a critical regulator in nucleus pulposus cells' proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix metabolism, making it an important research object for IDD repair. To target the pathogenic gene, silencing gene medicines carried by biomaterials have produced interesting breakthroughs in the safe, manageable, and effective administration. In this review, we took an insight into circRNA-related properties and biological processes, so as to inspire IDD treatment. At the same time, we focused on the circRNA related therapies for the treatment of IDDs by using biomaterial-based delivery systems. To note, we also discussed the perspectives of biomaterial-delivered gene therapies as effective means from the frontier needs in biomedicines, to facilitate the rapid development of biomaterial-based delivery systems.
{"title":"Biomaterial-based circular RNA therapeutic strategy for repairing intervertebral disc degeneration","authors":"Hongze Chang, Feng Cai, Xiaohu Li, Ang Li, Yan Zhang, Xiaolong Yang, Xiaodong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of low-back pain, which brings huge threaten to patients' life and workability. However, IDD's pathophysiology is still a puzzle, thus conventional conservative therapy leads to little success. Among all advanced therapies, the rising gene therapy might be the most promising, which combats diseases by the long-term expression of therapeutic proteins, silencing pathological genes, or editing genes. Since circular RNA (circRNA) is a critical regulator in nucleus pulposus cells' proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix metabolism, making it an important research object for IDD repair. To target the pathogenic gene, silencing gene medicines carried by biomaterials have produced interesting breakthroughs in the safe, manageable, and effective administration. In this review, we took an insight into circRNA-related properties and biological processes, so as to inspire IDD treatment. At the same time, we focused on the circRNA related therapies for the treatment of IDDs by using biomaterial-based delivery systems. To note, we also discussed the perspectives of biomaterial-delivered gene therapies as effective means from the frontier needs in biomedicines, to facilitate the rapid development of biomaterial-based delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.001
Wanqing Weng , Li Wang , Lu Fan , Xiaoya Ding , Xiaocheng Wang
The complexity of wound healing, influenced by both external factors and internal pathological mechanisms, presents a significant challenge in clinical treatment. However, strategically designed micro-nano structured scaffolds show great potential in enhancing wound healing. This article reviews groundbreaking research on ordered micro-nano structures for wound repair and tissue regeneration, highlighting their crucial roles in regulating cell behavior, promoting cell differentiation, balancing the immune microenvironment, and providing antibacterial properties. Subsequently, we provide a detailed overview of advanced technologies used to fabricate these precision structures, including template replication, electrospinning, microfluidics, and 3D printing. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for developing finely structured materials, considering both the current achievements and existing limitations.
{"title":"Ordered micro-nano structured biomaterials for wound healing","authors":"Wanqing Weng , Li Wang , Lu Fan , Xiaoya Ding , Xiaocheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexity of wound healing, influenced by both external factors and internal pathological mechanisms, presents a significant challenge in clinical treatment. However, strategically designed micro-nano structured scaffolds show great potential in enhancing wound healing. This article reviews groundbreaking research on ordered micro-nano structures for wound repair and tissue regeneration, highlighting their crucial roles in regulating cell behavior, promoting cell differentiation, balancing the immune microenvironment, and providing antibacterial properties. Subsequently, we provide a detailed overview of advanced technologies used to fabricate these precision structures, including template replication, electrospinning, microfluidics, and 3D printing. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for developing finely structured materials, considering both the current achievements and existing limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 104-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.003
Meng Tang , Pengrui Li , Haokai Zhang , Liu Deng , Shihong Liu , Qingyuan Zheng , Hongli Chang , Changming Zhao , Manqing Wang , Guilai Zuo , Dongrui Gao
Driving vigilance estimation is an important task for traffic safety. Nowadays, electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) have made some achievements in vigilance estimation, but there are still some challenges: 1) The traditional approachs with direct multimodal fusion may face the problems of information redundancy and data dimensionality mismatch; 2) Capture key discriminative features during multimodal fusion without losing specific patterns to each modality. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a approach with fusion of EEG and EOG features in split bands, which not only preserves the information about brain activities in different bands of EEG, but also effectively integrates the relevant information of EOG. On this basis, we further propose a hierarchical multi-scale topological enhanced network (HMS-TENet). This network first introduces a pyramid pooling structure (PPS) to capture contextual relationships from different discriminative perspectives. And then we design a selective convolutional structure (SCS) for adaptive sense-field selection, which enables us to mine the desired discriminative information in small-size features. In addition, we design a topology self-aware attention to enhance the learning of representations of complex topological relationships among EEG channels. Finally, the output of the model can be selected for both regression and classification tasks, providing higher flexibility and adaptability. We demonstrate the robustness, generalizability, and utility of the proposed method based on intra-subject and cross-subject experiments on the SEED-VIG public dataset. Codes are available at https://github.com/tangmeng28/HMS-TENet.
{"title":"HMS-TENet: A hierarchical multi-scale topological enhanced network based on EEG and EOG for driver vigilance estimation","authors":"Meng Tang , Pengrui Li , Haokai Zhang , Liu Deng , Shihong Liu , Qingyuan Zheng , Hongli Chang , Changming Zhao , Manqing Wang , Guilai Zuo , Dongrui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driving vigilance estimation is an important task for traffic safety. Nowadays, electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) have made some achievements in vigilance estimation, but there are still some challenges: 1) The traditional approachs with direct multimodal fusion may face the problems of information redundancy and data dimensionality mismatch; 2) Capture key discriminative features during multimodal fusion without losing specific patterns to each modality. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a approach with fusion of EEG and EOG features in split bands, which not only preserves the information about brain activities in different bands of EEG, but also effectively integrates the relevant information of EOG. On this basis, we further propose a hierarchical multi-scale topological enhanced network (HMS-TENet). This network first introduces a pyramid pooling structure (PPS) to capture contextual relationships from different discriminative perspectives. And then we design a selective convolutional structure (SCS) for adaptive sense-field selection, which enables us to mine the desired discriminative information in small-size features. In addition, we design a topology self-aware attention to enhance the learning of representations of complex topological relationships among EEG channels. Finally, the output of the model can be selected for both regression and classification tasks, providing higher flexibility and adaptability. We demonstrate the robustness, generalizability, and utility of the proposed method based on intra-subject and cross-subject experiments on the SEED-VIG public dataset. Codes are available at <span><span>https://github.com/tangmeng28/HMS-TENet</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.002
Hongli Chang , Bo Liu , Hongguang Chang , Na Li , Min Xu , Guilai Zuo , Wubing He , Xuenan Wang
Parkinson disease (PD) is defined by the loss of dopamine (DA). Changes in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), particularly in local field potential (LFP), can be attributed to deficits in DA and DA receptor expression levels. PPN is a heterogeneous nucleus consisting of cholinergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic), and glutamatergic neurons. However, it is unclear whether low levels of DA receptors affect the activity of different PPN neuron types. We record the neuronal activity of PPN by administering the selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and Raclopride, respectively. This study discover that the firing rates of glutamatergic neurons could be normalized, and their firing patterns were more consistent in lesioned rats treated with raclopride. Raclopride administration could correct the increased coherence and phase locking between glutamatergic spikes and beta-band oscillatory activity in lesioned rats. Raclopride administration correct the increased coherence and phase locking between glutamatergic spikes and beta-band oscillatory activity in lesioned rats.
帕金森病（PD）的定义是多巴胺（DA）的丧失。足底核（PPN）的变化，尤其是局部场电位（LFP）的变化，可归因于 DA 和 DA 受体表达水平的缺陷。PPN 是一个由胆碱能、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能和谷氨酸能神经元组成的异质性核团。然而，目前还不清楚低水平的 DA 受体是否会影响不同类型 PPN 神经元的活动。我们分别使用选择性多巴胺 D1 和 D2 受体拮抗剂 SCH23390 和 Raclopride 记录 PPN 神经元的活动。研究发现，使用拉氯必利治疗的病变大鼠谷氨酸能神经元的发射率可恢复正常，其发射模式也更加一致。服用拉氯必利可纠正病变大鼠谷氨酸能尖峰与β波段振荡活动之间增加的一致性和锁相。服用拉氯必利可纠正病变大鼠谷氨酸能尖峰与β波段振荡活动之间增加的相干性和锁相。
{"title":"D2 receptor antagonist raclopride regulates glutamatergic neuronal activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Hongli Chang , Bo Liu , Hongguang Chang , Na Li , Min Xu , Guilai Zuo , Wubing He , Xuenan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson disease (PD) is defined by the loss of dopamine (DA). Changes in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), particularly in local field potential (LFP), can be attributed to deficits in DA and DA receptor expression levels. PPN is a heterogeneous nucleus consisting of cholinergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic), and glutamatergic neurons. However, it is unclear whether low levels of DA receptors affect the activity of different PPN neuron types. We record the neuronal activity of PPN by administering the selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and Raclopride, respectively. This study discover that the firing rates of glutamatergic neurons could be normalized, and their firing patterns were more consistent in lesioned rats treated with raclopride. Raclopride administration could correct the increased coherence and phase locking between glutamatergic spikes and beta-band oscillatory activity in lesioned rats. Raclopride administration correct the increased coherence and phase locking between glutamatergic spikes and beta-band oscillatory activity in lesioned rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.001
Yongteng Song , Qingxi Hu , Suihong Liu , Guotai Yao , Haiguang Zhang
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor resection surgery poses challenges due to incomplete cancer cell removal, which increases the risk of local recurrence and micrometastasis, while large-scale surgical wounds are susceptible to severe infections. Therefore, a drug-loaded multi-functional bilayer nanofibers skin scaffold was fabricated for postoperative wound care of cSCC. Briefly, the antibacterial drug enrofloxacin (ENR) was loaded into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers using electrospinning to form an antibacterial nanofiber membrane (PCL-ENR) as the outer layer of scaffold. The anticancer drug bleomycin (BLM) was loaded into PCL/Gelatin (Gel) nanofibers via electrospinning to form an anticancer nanofiber membrane (PG-BLM) as the inner layer of scaffold. ENR and BLM were successfully loaded into the scaffold. The scaffold had excellent physicochemical properties, with the outer layer exhibiting hydrophobicity and excellent antibacterial activity, and the inner layer showing hydrophilicity and outstanding anticancer activity. The elongation at break and tensile modulus of the scaffold were 26.35 ± 1.61 % and 15.25 ± 1.56 MPa, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that the scaffold not only has good biocompatibility to promote wound healing but also could inhibit the proliferation of A431 cells, which has great potential clinical application in postoperative wound care of cSCC.
{"title":"Electrospinning drug-loaded polycaprolactone/polycaprolactone-gelatin multi-functional bilayer nanofibers composite scaffold for postoperative wound healing of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Yongteng Song , Qingxi Hu , Suihong Liu , Guotai Yao , Haiguang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor resection surgery poses challenges due to incomplete cancer cell removal, which increases the risk of local recurrence and micrometastasis, while large-scale surgical wounds are susceptible to severe infections. Therefore, a drug-loaded multi-functional bilayer nanofibers skin scaffold was fabricated for postoperative wound care of cSCC. Briefly, the antibacterial drug enrofloxacin (ENR) was loaded into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers using electrospinning to form an antibacterial nanofiber membrane (PCL-ENR) as the outer layer of scaffold. The anticancer drug bleomycin (BLM) was loaded into PCL/Gelatin (Gel) nanofibers via electrospinning to form an anticancer nanofiber membrane (PG-BLM) as the inner layer of scaffold. ENR and BLM were successfully loaded into the scaffold. The scaffold had excellent physicochemical properties, with the outer layer exhibiting hydrophobicity and excellent antibacterial activity, and the inner layer showing hydrophilicity and outstanding anticancer activity. The elongation at break and tensile modulus of the scaffold were 26.35 ± 1.61 % and 15.25 ± 1.56 MPa, respectively. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments suggested that the scaffold not only has good biocompatibility to promote wound healing but also could inhibit the proliferation of A431 cells, which has great potential clinical application in postoperative wound care of cSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 65-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.004
Muhammad Hassaan Ashraf , Hamed Alghamdi
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss among diabetic patients, necessitating effective screening and grading for timely intervention. Regular screening significantly increases the workload of ophthalmologists, and accurate grading into stages—mild, moderate, severe, and proliferative—is crucial for monitoring disease progression. While Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems can alleviate this burden, existing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based frameworks use fixed-size kernels in a linear feed-forward manner. This approach can lead to information loss in the initial stages due to limited feature utilization across adjacent layers. To address this limitation, we propose a Hierarchical Features Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (HFF-Net) within a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Grading (DRSG) framework. The framework includes preprocessing to extract regions of interest from fundus images (FIs), enhancement using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), and data augmentation for class balancing and overfitting mitigation. HFF-Net extracts multiscale features that fused at multiple levels within the network, utilizing the swish activation function for improved learning stability. We evaluated HFF-Net against several state-of-the-art CNN classifiers within the DRSG framework. Experimental results demonstrate that HFF-Net achieves a grading accuracy of 73.77 %, surpassing the second-best model by 3.51 percentage points (a relative improvement of approximately 5 %), and attains a screening accuracy of 98.70 % using only 1.18 million parameters. These findings highlight HFF-Net's potential as an efficient and effective tool in CAD systems for DR screening and grading.
Modulation of the immune system has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. Although most tissues possess intrinsic self-repair capabilities, large-sized defects and complex pathological conditions may still lead to tissue microenvironment imbalance and repair failure. Researchers have applied macrophage-mediated immunotherapeutic strategies to various injured tissue repairs by modulating inflammatory responses, intercellular communication, and multitissue synergies to restore immune microenvironmental homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration. Ongoing advancements in materials science have highlighted the precise immunomodulatory role of biomaterials, with passive targeting strategies based on the material's physicochemical properties and active targeting strategies based on specific molecular modifications becoming increasingly important in research. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action of actively and passively targeted biomaterials to modulate macrophages, which improve the tissue regenerative microenvironment through four basic strategies: (i) modulation of the inflammatory response to remove damaged cells, cellular debris, and pathogens; (ii) remodeling of the extracellular matrix; (iii) reconstruction of vascular tissues; and (iv) macrophage-stem cell crosstalk. This review covers the major mechanisms of macrophage action in the regeneration of injured tissues, while exploring the multiple methods by which advanced biomaterials target macrophages and highlighting their applications in the regeneration of a wide range of tissue injuries. We further discuss the future directions and current limitations in the development of biomaterials for macrophage modulation, aiming to advance biomaterials targeting macrophages, realize the full potential of immunotherapy, and achieve precision medicine.
{"title":"Biomaterials that passively and actively target macrophages promote the regeneration of injured tissues","authors":"Pengzhen Zhuang, Wu Yang, Yu Chen, Yu Zhang, Capucine Leboucher, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Hongbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmt.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulation of the immune system has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. Although most tissues possess intrinsic self-repair capabilities, large-sized defects and complex pathological conditions may still lead to tissue microenvironment imbalance and repair failure. Researchers have applied macrophage-mediated immunotherapeutic strategies to various injured tissue repairs by modulating inflammatory responses, intercellular communication, and multitissue synergies to restore immune microenvironmental homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration. Ongoing advancements in materials science have highlighted the precise immunomodulatory role of biomaterials, with passive targeting strategies based on the material's physicochemical properties and active targeting strategies based on specific molecular modifications becoming increasingly important in research. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action of actively and passively targeted biomaterials to modulate macrophages, which improve the tissue regenerative microenvironment through four basic strategies: (i) modulation of the inflammatory response to remove damaged cells, cellular debris, and pathogens; (ii) remodeling of the extracellular matrix; (iii) reconstruction of vascular tissues; and (iv) macrophage-stem cell crosstalk. This review covers the major mechanisms of macrophage action in the regeneration of injured tissues, while exploring the multiple methods by which advanced biomaterials target macrophages and highlighting their applications in the regeneration of a wide range of tissue injuries. We further discuss the future directions and current limitations in the development of biomaterials for macrophage modulation, aiming to advance biomaterials targeting macrophages, realize the full potential of immunotherapy, and achieve precision medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100180,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 17-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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