Biomedicine & Aging Pathology最新文献

Deltamethrin (DEL) is a type II α - cyano group containing synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is used extensively for controlling flies, mosquitoes, insects, pests worldwide. DEL exposure leads to pathophysiology of a broad spectrum of cerebrovascular & neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's, Lou Gehrig's disease, Alzheimer's disease, developmental deficits, birth defects, and learning disabilities. In these studies, we have demonstrated that the deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity and ameliorating effect of dietary flavonoid naringin by its antioxidant and neuro-protective ability in male wistar rat. Adult male wistar rats were divided into four different groups. Group I vehicle treated control group; group II received deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kg BW orally (1/10 LD 50) for three weeks (21 days) to induce neurotoxicity; group III received naringin (100 mg/kg BW for 21 days) orally. Group IV naringin alone treated. DEL-induced neurotoxicity was evidenced by increased activities of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, TBARS in DEL administered rat brain tissue homogenate, and decrease activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, however it was reversed by naringin treatment. DEL administered rats showed reduction in the levels of enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) levels. However, normalized antioxidant and non-enzymic antioxidant defenses were reported in the naringin treated rats. These findings highlight the efficacy of naringin as a neuro-protectant in DEL-induced neurotoxicity which is also supported by native gel electrophoresis, agarose gel electrophoresis, histopathological studies of rat brain tissue.

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of umbelliferone (UMB) on insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress in rats fed a high fructose diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats received a daily diet containing either 60% fructose or 60% starch. They were administered with the UMB at three different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o) from the 16th day. At the end of 60 days, HFD rats exhibited significant increases in plasma glucose and insulin levels. The activities of enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione were decreased while increases in the levels of lipid peroxidative markers were observed in liver tissues of HFD rats as compared to control rats. In addition, rats fed a HFD with UMB reversed all the above changes to near normal in a dose dependent manner. The effect at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w/day was more pronounced than the other two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w/day). Biochemical findings were supported by histological studies. These results indicated that administration of UMB may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for prevention of a high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress.

This study investigated the effects of pretreatment with different doses of Lavandula officinalis ethanolic extract on memory, learning and nociception in male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were studied in 4 groups of 8 each. The control group received distilled water while three treatment groups received oral Lavender extract. Then 2 h after the last dose Morris water maze, shuttle box and rotarod test were performed. To study the analgesic activity the hot plate was used. The rats received orally Lavender extract one hour prior to beginning of the experiment for analgesic activity. The treatment groups with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the Lavender extract improved learning and memory compared with the control group in final trails in Morris water maze test. Lavender extract increased the latency to fall off for each rat in 100 and 200 mg/kg Lavender groups in rotarod test. Lavender extract with 400 mg/kg dose significantly increased latency to respond to heat stimulus 5 and 15 minutes after beginning of experiment. Although further studies are needed, the results indicate that lavender extract improves memory and learning, and might be beneficial in patients with these disorders, particularly the patients suffering pain.

Lung cancer causing EGFR kinase protein selected as target and treated against commercially available anticancer drugs and cyanobacterial compounds. The present study was to predict screen and identify the potential high efficient antilung cancer compounds from the marine flora of cyanobacteria. To screen the bioactive compounds against lung cancer causing protein, EGFR kinase, Glide module (Schrodinger suite) was applied. Among the 33 bioactive compounds screened, best Glide docking score of −10.485 was found in Tiglicamide A against EGFR kinase. When this Tiglicamide A was compared with the commercially available drugs like cabazitaxel and apraclonidine through molecular docking, Tiglicamide A was found to be more effective by interacting strongly with lung cancer causing target protein, EGFR kinase. The results of the study support the fact that in silico molecular docking studies using Glide and Hex programs are very useful in predicting lung cancer treating drug. In this study, Tiglicamide A was predicted as the best active cyanobacterial compound derived from Lyngbya confervoides.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the leading cause of death and its incidence is rising year by year. There are numerous antioxidants available in various sources, including microorganisms. We had an attempt on validating the effect of diazepinomicin from Micromonospora strain against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Trypan blue exclusion assay was performed to determine the dead cells. Propidium iodide and Hoechst staining was performed to determine the apoptotic bodies. DNA fragmentation was performed on agarose gel electrophoresis and the expression of BAX and Bcl2 proteins were determined. Trypan blue exclusion assay showed dose-dependent cell death. Propidium iodide and Hoechst staining showed apoptotic bodies. DNA fragments were seen in both diazepinomicin 10 and 15 μM/mL treated Hep G2 cells. Western blot assay showed low intensity bands in diazepinomicin 10 and 15 μM/mL treated Hep G2 cells. Thus, the downregulation of these protein expressions reveal that the diazepinomicin has the ability to induce apoptosis. From all the parameters, it could be concluded that the diazepinomicin has anticancer potency against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2).

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major problems. In developing as well as developed countries. Uncontrolled blood glucose level and oxidative stress plays a vital role in pathogenesis of the diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Ficus religiosa in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Streptozotocin (90 mg/kg i.p.), administered to 2 days old neonates (10–12 g), resulted in significant increase in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, cardiac hypertrophic index, TGF-β1, TNFα, malondialdehyde, LDH, CK-MB, BNP and caspase-3, blood pressure. It caused significant reduction in plasma insulin, heart rate and superoxide dismutase. The eight-week treatment of F. religiosa started after induction of six weeks of diabetes, the treatment significantly improved diabetic markers, oxidative stress, inflammatory and cardiac markers. Results of the present study suggest that the cardioprotective effect of F. religiosa may be mediated through the control of diabetes, modulation of oxidative marker and cytokine (TGF-β1, TNFα).