Shakeel Ahmed, Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi, Fida Hussain, Muhammad Awais, Yongzhe Ren, Junfeng Wu, Hao Zhang, Yiheng Zang, Jiandong Hu
Plants have evolved intricate signaling pathways, which operate as networks governed by feedback to deal with stressors. Nevertheless, the sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying these routes still need to be comprehended, and experimental validation poses significant challenges and expenses. Consequently, computational hypothesis evaluation gains prominence in understanding plant signaling dynamics. Biosensors are genetically modified to emit light when exposed to a particular hormone, such as abscisic acid (ABA), enabling quantification. We developed computational models to simulate the relationship between ABA concentrations and bioluminescent sensors utilizing the Hill equation and ordinary differential equations (ODEs), aiding better hypothesis development regarding plant signaling. Based on simulation results, the luminescence intensity was recorded for a concentration of 47.646 RLUs for 1.5 μmol, given the specified parameters and model assumptions. This method enhances our understanding of plant signaling pathways at the cellular level, offering significant benefits to the scientific community in a cost-effective manner. The alignment of these computational predictions with experimental results emphasizes the robustness of our approach, providing a cost-effective means to validate mathematical models empirically. The research intended to correlate the bioluminescence of biosensors with plant signaling and its mathematical models for quantified detection of specific plant hormone ABA.
植物进化出了复杂的信号通路，这些通路作为受反馈控制的网络运行，以应对压力因素。然而，这些途径背后的复杂分子机制仍有待理解，而实验验证也带来了巨大的挑战和费用。因此，计算假说评估在理解植物信号传递动力学方面变得越来越重要。生物传感器经过基因改造，在暴露于特定激素（如脱落酸（ABA））时会发光，从而实现量化。我们开发了计算模型，利用希尔方程和常微分方程（ODEs）模拟 ABA 浓度与生物发光传感器之间的关系，有助于更好地提出有关植物信号传递的假设。根据模拟结果，在指定的参数和模型假设条件下，1.5 μmol 浓度的发光强度为 47.646 RLUs。这种方法增强了我们对细胞水平植物信号通路的了解，以经济高效的方式为科学界带来了巨大收益。这些计算预测与实验结果的吻合强调了我们的方法的稳健性，为通过经验验证数学模型提供了一种经济有效的方法。该研究旨在将生物传感器的生物发光与植物信号传导及其数学模型相关联，以量化检测特定的植物激素 ABA。
{"title":"Quantifying Plant Signaling Pathways by Integrating Luminescence-Based Biosensors and Mathematical Modeling","authors":"Shakeel Ahmed, Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi, Fida Hussain, Muhammad Awais, Yongzhe Ren, Junfeng Wu, Hao Zhang, Yiheng Zang, Jiandong Hu","doi":"10.3390/bios14080378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080378","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have evolved intricate signaling pathways, which operate as networks governed by feedback to deal with stressors. Nevertheless, the sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying these routes still need to be comprehended, and experimental validation poses significant challenges and expenses. Consequently, computational hypothesis evaluation gains prominence in understanding plant signaling dynamics. Biosensors are genetically modified to emit light when exposed to a particular hormone, such as abscisic acid (ABA), enabling quantification. We developed computational models to simulate the relationship between ABA concentrations and bioluminescent sensors utilizing the Hill equation and ordinary differential equations (ODEs), aiding better hypothesis development regarding plant signaling. Based on simulation results, the luminescence intensity was recorded for a concentration of 47.646 RLUs for 1.5 μmol, given the specified parameters and model assumptions. This method enhances our understanding of plant signaling pathways at the cellular level, offering significant benefits to the scientific community in a cost-effective manner. The alignment of these computational predictions with experimental results emphasizes the robustness of our approach, providing a cost-effective means to validate mathematical models empirically. The research intended to correlate the bioluminescence of biosensors with plant signaling and its mathematical models for quantified detection of specific plant hormone ABA.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141939803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Llano-Suárez, Adrián Sánchez-Visedo, Inmaculada Ortiz-Gómez, María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles, Marta Prado, José Manuel Costa-Fernández, Ana Soldado
Food safety control is a key issue in the food and agriculture industries. For such purposes, developing miniaturized analytical methods is critical for enabling the rapid and sensitive detection of food supplements, allergens, and pollutants. Here, a novel bioanalytical methodology based on DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and colorimetric detection was developed to detect the presence of sesame (a major allergen) through sesame seed DNA as a target, in food samples. The presence of sesame DNA induces controlled nanoparticle aggregation/desegregation, resulting in a color change (from blue to red) proportional to sesame DNA concentration. The incorporation of multicomponent nucleic acid enzymes (MNAzymes) in this strategy has been carried out to perform an isothermal signal amplification strategy to improve the sensitivity of detection. Also, open-source software for color analysis was used to ensure an unbiased visual color-change detection, enhancing detection accuracy and sensitivity and opening the possibility of performing a simple and decentralized analyte detection. The method successfully detected the presence of sesame DNA in sesame seed, sesame oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil. In brief, the developed approach constitutes a simple and affordable alternative to perform a highly sensitive detection of DNA in food without complex methodologies or the requirement of expensive instrumentation.
食品安全控制是食品和农业行业的一个关键问题。为此，开发微型分析方法对于快速灵敏地检测食品添加剂、过敏原和污染物至关重要。在此，我们开发了一种基于 DNA 功能化金纳米粒子（AuNPs）和比色检测的新型生物分析方法，以芝麻种子 DNA 为目标，检测食品样品中是否含有芝麻（一种主要过敏原）。芝麻 DNA 的存在会诱导受控纳米粒子的聚集/解聚，导致颜色变化（从蓝色到红色）与芝麻 DNA 的浓度成正比。在这一策略中加入了多组分核酸酶（MNAzymes），执行等温信号放大策略，以提高检测灵敏度。此外，还使用了开源的颜色分析软件，以确保无偏见的视觉颜色变化检测，从而提高了检测的准确性和灵敏度，为进行简单、分散的分析物检测提供了可能。该方法成功地检测出了芝麻、芝麻油、橄榄油和葵花籽油中芝麻 DNA 的存在。简而言之，所开发的方法是对食品中 DNA 进行高灵敏度检测的一种简单而经济的替代方法，无需复杂的方法或昂贵的仪器。
{"title":"Sesame Detection in Food Using DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: A Sensitive, Rapid, and Cost-Effective Colorimetric Approach","authors":"Pablo Llano-Suárez, Adrián Sánchez-Visedo, Inmaculada Ortiz-Gómez, María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles, Marta Prado, José Manuel Costa-Fernández, Ana Soldado","doi":"10.3390/bios14080377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080377","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety control is a key issue in the food and agriculture industries. For such purposes, developing miniaturized analytical methods is critical for enabling the rapid and sensitive detection of food supplements, allergens, and pollutants. Here, a novel bioanalytical methodology based on DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and colorimetric detection was developed to detect the presence of sesame (a major allergen) through sesame seed DNA as a target, in food samples. The presence of sesame DNA induces controlled nanoparticle aggregation/desegregation, resulting in a color change (from blue to red) proportional to sesame DNA concentration. The incorporation of multicomponent nucleic acid enzymes (MNAzymes) in this strategy has been carried out to perform an isothermal signal amplification strategy to improve the sensitivity of detection. Also, open-source software for color analysis was used to ensure an unbiased visual color-change detection, enhancing detection accuracy and sensitivity and opening the possibility of performing a simple and decentralized analyte detection. The method successfully detected the presence of sesame DNA in sesame seed, sesame oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil. In brief, the developed approach constitutes a simple and affordable alternative to perform a highly sensitive detection of DNA in food without complex methodologies or the requirement of expensive instrumentation.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystal E. Rapier, Srikanth Jagadeesan, Gad D. Vatine, Hadar Ben-Yoav
Microfluidics have revolutionized cell culture by allowing for precise physical and chemical environmental control. Coupled with electrodes, microfluidic cell culture can be activated or have its changes sensed in real-time. We used our previously developed reliable and stable microfluidic device for cell growth and monitoring to design, fabricate, and characterize a whole-channel impedance-based sensor and used it to systematically assess the electrical and electrochemical influences of microfluidic channel boundaries coupled with varying electrode sizes, distances, coatings, and cell coverage. Our investigation includes both theoretical and experimental approaches to investigate how design parameters and insulating boundary conditions change impedance characteristics. We examined the system with various solutions using a frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 1 MHz and a modulation voltage of 50 mV. The results show that impedance is directly proportional to electrode distance and inversely proportional to electrode coating, area, and channel size. We also demonstrate that electrode spacing is a dominant factor contributing to impedance. In the end, we summarize all the relationships found and comment on the appropriateness of using this system to investigate barrier cells in blood vessel models and organ-on-a-chip devices. This fundamental study can help in the careful design of microfluidic culture constructs and models that require channel geometries and impedance-based biosensing.
{"title":"Impedance Characteristics of Microfluidic Channels and Integrated Coplanar Parallel Electrodes as Design Parameters for Whole-Channel Analysis in Organ-on-Chip Micro-Systems","authors":"Crystal E. Rapier, Srikanth Jagadeesan, Gad D. Vatine, Hadar Ben-Yoav","doi":"10.3390/bios14080374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080374","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidics have revolutionized cell culture by allowing for precise physical and chemical environmental control. Coupled with electrodes, microfluidic cell culture can be activated or have its changes sensed in real-time. We used our previously developed reliable and stable microfluidic device for cell growth and monitoring to design, fabricate, and characterize a whole-channel impedance-based sensor and used it to systematically assess the electrical and electrochemical influences of microfluidic channel boundaries coupled with varying electrode sizes, distances, coatings, and cell coverage. Our investigation includes both theoretical and experimental approaches to investigate how design parameters and insulating boundary conditions change impedance characteristics. We examined the system with various solutions using a frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 1 MHz and a modulation voltage of 50 mV. The results show that impedance is directly proportional to electrode distance and inversely proportional to electrode coating, area, and channel size. We also demonstrate that electrode spacing is a dominant factor contributing to impedance. In the end, we summarize all the relationships found and comment on the appropriateness of using this system to investigate barrier cells in blood vessel models and organ-on-a-chip devices. This fundamental study can help in the careful design of microfluidic culture constructs and models that require channel geometries and impedance-based biosensing.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small molecules are highly relevant targets for detection and quantification. They are also used to diagnose and monitor the progression of disease and infectious processes and track the presence of contaminants. Fluorogenic RNA-based biosensors (FRBs) represent an appealing solution to the problem of detecting these targets. They combine the portability of molecular systems with the sensitivity and multiplexing capacity of fluorescence, as well as the exquisite ligand selectivity of RNA aptamers. In this review, we first present the different sensing and reporting aptamer modules currently available to design an FRB, together with the main methodologies used to discover modules with new specificities. We next introduce and discuss how both modules can be functionally connected prior to exploring the main applications for which FRB have been used. Finally, we conclude by discussing how using alternative nucleotide chemistries may improve FRB properties and further widen their application scope.
{"title":"Fluorogenic RNA-Based Biosensors of Small Molecules: Current Developments, Uses, and Perspectives","authors":"Janine Kehrli, Claire Husser, Michael Ryckelynck","doi":"10.3390/bios14080376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080376","url":null,"abstract":"Small molecules are highly relevant targets for detection and quantification. They are also used to diagnose and monitor the progression of disease and infectious processes and track the presence of contaminants. Fluorogenic RNA-based biosensors (FRBs) represent an appealing solution to the problem of detecting these targets. They combine the portability of molecular systems with the sensitivity and multiplexing capacity of fluorescence, as well as the exquisite ligand selectivity of RNA aptamers. In this review, we first present the different sensing and reporting aptamer modules currently available to design an FRB, together with the main methodologies used to discover modules with new specificities. We next introduce and discuss how both modules can be functionally connected prior to exploring the main applications for which FRB have been used. Finally, we conclude by discussing how using alternative nucleotide chemistries may improve FRB properties and further widen their application scope.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid identification of microorganisms with a high sensitivity and selectivity is of great interest in many fields, primarily in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the food industry. For over the past decades, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based detection platform has been extensively used for bacterial detection, and the effort has been extended to clinical, environmental, and food samples. In contrast to other approaches, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and polymerase chain reaction, SERS exhibits outstanding advantages of rapid detection, being culture-free, low cost, high sensitivity, and lack of water interference. This review aims to cover the development of SERS-based methods for bacterial detection with an emphasis on the source of the signal, techniques used to improve the limit of detection and specificity, and the application of SERS in high-throughput settings and complex samples. The challenges and advancements with the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) are also discussed.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Bacterial Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","authors":"Manal Hassan, Yiping Zhao, Susu M. Zughaier","doi":"10.3390/bios14080375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080375","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid identification of microorganisms with a high sensitivity and selectivity is of great interest in many fields, primarily in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the food industry. For over the past decades, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based detection platform has been extensively used for bacterial detection, and the effort has been extended to clinical, environmental, and food samples. In contrast to other approaches, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and polymerase chain reaction, SERS exhibits outstanding advantages of rapid detection, being culture-free, low cost, high sensitivity, and lack of water interference. This review aims to cover the development of SERS-based methods for bacterial detection with an emphasis on the source of the signal, techniques used to improve the limit of detection and specificity, and the application of SERS in high-throughput settings and complex samples. The challenges and advancements with the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lili Gao, Siyi Wu, Puwasit Wongwasuratthakul, Zhou Chen, Wei Cai, Qinyu Li, Linley Li LIN
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is widely applied with the use of extracted biological cell samples, but current FNA cytology is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can lead to the risk of false-negative results. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning algorithms holds promise for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we develop a label-free SERS liquid biopsy method with machine learning for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer by using thyroid FNA washout fluids. These liquid supernatants are mixed with silver nanoparticle colloids, and dispersed in quartz capillary for SERS measurements to discriminate between healthy and malignant samples. We collect Raman spectra of 36 thyroid FNA samples (18 malignant and 18 benign) and compare four classification models: Principal Component Analysis–Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The results show that the CNN algorithm is the most precise, with a high accuracy of 88.1%, sensitivity of 87.8%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.953. Our approach is simple, convenient, and cost-effective. This study indicates that label-free SERS liquid biopsy assisted by deep learning models holds great promise for the early detection and screening of thyroid cancer.
{"title":"Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by Using Fine-Needle Aspiration Liquid Samples","authors":"Lili Gao, Siyi Wu, Puwasit Wongwasuratthakul, Zhou Chen, Wei Cai, Qinyu Li, Linley Li LIN","doi":"10.3390/bios14080372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080372","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is widely applied with the use of extracted biological cell samples, but current FNA cytology is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can lead to the risk of false-negative results. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning algorithms holds promise for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we develop a label-free SERS liquid biopsy method with machine learning for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer by using thyroid FNA washout fluids. These liquid supernatants are mixed with silver nanoparticle colloids, and dispersed in quartz capillary for SERS measurements to discriminate between healthy and malignant samples. We collect Raman spectra of 36 thyroid FNA samples (18 malignant and 18 benign) and compare four classification models: Principal Component Analysis–Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The results show that the CNN algorithm is the most precise, with a high accuracy of 88.1%, sensitivity of 87.8%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.953. Our approach is simple, convenient, and cost-effective. This study indicates that label-free SERS liquid biopsy assisted by deep learning models holds great promise for the early detection and screening of thyroid cancer.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleftherios Touloupakis, Isabela Calegari Moia, Raffaella Margherita Zampieri, Claudia Cocozza, Niccolò Frassinelli, Enrico Marchi, Cristiano Foderi, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Negar Rezaie, Valerio Giorgio Muzzini, Maria Laura Traversi, Alessio Giovannelli
The development of tools to quickly identify the fate of damaged trees after a stress event such as a wildfire is of great importance. In this context, an innovative approach to assess irreversible physiological damage in trees could help to support the planning of management decisions for disturbed sites to restore biodiversity, protect the environment and understand the adaptations of ecosystem functionality. The vitality of trees can be estimated by several physiological indicators, such as cambium activity and the amount of starch and soluble sugars, while the accumulation of ethanol in the cambial cells and phloem is considered an alarm sign of cell death. However, their determination requires time-consuming laboratory protocols, making the approach impractical in the field. Biosensors hold considerable promise for substantially advancing this field. The general objective of this review is to define a system for quantifying the plant vitality in forest areas exposed to fire. This review describes recent electrochemical biosensors that can detect plant molecules, focusing on biosensors for glucose, fructose, and ethanol as indicators of tree vitality.
{"title":"Fire up Biosensor Technology to Assess the Vitality of Trees after Wildfires","authors":"Eleftherios Touloupakis, Isabela Calegari Moia, Raffaella Margherita Zampieri, Claudia Cocozza, Niccolò Frassinelli, Enrico Marchi, Cristiano Foderi, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Negar Rezaie, Valerio Giorgio Muzzini, Maria Laura Traversi, Alessio Giovannelli","doi":"10.3390/bios14080373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080373","url":null,"abstract":"The development of tools to quickly identify the fate of damaged trees after a stress event such as a wildfire is of great importance. In this context, an innovative approach to assess irreversible physiological damage in trees could help to support the planning of management decisions for disturbed sites to restore biodiversity, protect the environment and understand the adaptations of ecosystem functionality. The vitality of trees can be estimated by several physiological indicators, such as cambium activity and the amount of starch and soluble sugars, while the accumulation of ethanol in the cambial cells and phloem is considered an alarm sign of cell death. However, their determination requires time-consuming laboratory protocols, making the approach impractical in the field. Biosensors hold considerable promise for substantially advancing this field. The general objective of this review is to define a system for quantifying the plant vitality in forest areas exposed to fire. This review describes recent electrochemical biosensors that can detect plant molecules, focusing on biosensors for glucose, fructose, and ethanol as indicators of tree vitality.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noninvasive in situ monitoring of viscoelastic characteristics of corneal tissue at elevated temperatures is pivotal for mechanical property-informed refractive surgery techniques, including thermokeratoplasty and photorefractive keratectomy, requiring precise thermal modifications of the corneal structure during these surgical procedures. This study harnesses Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy as a biosensing platform to noninvasively probe the viscoelastic properties of ovine corneas across a temperature range of 25–64 °C. By submerging the tissue samples in silicone oil, consistent hydration and immiscibility are maintained, allowing for their accurate sensing of temperature-dependent mechanical behaviors. We identify significant phase transitions in the corneal tissue, particularly beyond 40 °C, likely due to collagen unfolding, marking the beginning of thermal destabilization. A subsequent transition, observed beyond 60 °C, correlates with collagen denaturation. These phase transformations highlight the cornea’s sensitivity to both physiologically reversible and irreversible viscoelastic changes induced by mild to high temperatures. Our findings underscore the potential of the Brillouin biosensing technique for real-time diagnostics of corneal biomechanics during refractive surgeries to attain optimized therapeutic outcomes.
无创原位监测角膜组织在高温下的粘弹性特性，对于以机械特性为依据的屈光手术技术（包括热角膜移植术和光屈光性角膜切除术）至关重要，因为在这些手术过程中需要对角膜结构进行精确的热调节。本研究利用布里渊光散射光谱作为生物传感平台，在 25-64 °C 的温度范围内对绵羊角膜的粘弹性能进行无创探测。通过将组织样本浸没在硅油中，可保持稳定的水合性和不溶性，从而准确感知随温度变化的机械行为。我们在角膜组织中发现了明显的相变，尤其是超过 40 °C时，这可能是由于胶原蛋白展开，标志着热不稳定性的开始。在 60 °C 以上观察到的后续转变与胶原蛋白变性有关。这些相变突显了角膜对轻度到高温诱导的生理可逆和不可逆粘弹性变化的敏感性。我们的研究结果凸显了布里渊生物传感技术在屈光手术过程中实时诊断角膜生物力学以达到最佳治疗效果的潜力。
{"title":"Brillouin Biosensing of Viscoelasticity across Phase Transitions in Ovine Cornea","authors":"Chingis Kharmyssov, Zhandos Utegulov","doi":"10.3390/bios14080371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080371","url":null,"abstract":"Noninvasive in situ monitoring of viscoelastic characteristics of corneal tissue at elevated temperatures is pivotal for mechanical property-informed refractive surgery techniques, including thermokeratoplasty and photorefractive keratectomy, requiring precise thermal modifications of the corneal structure during these surgical procedures. This study harnesses Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy as a biosensing platform to noninvasively probe the viscoelastic properties of ovine corneas across a temperature range of 25–64 °C. By submerging the tissue samples in silicone oil, consistent hydration and immiscibility are maintained, allowing for their accurate sensing of temperature-dependent mechanical behaviors. We identify significant phase transitions in the corneal tissue, particularly beyond 40 °C, likely due to collagen unfolding, marking the beginning of thermal destabilization. A subsequent transition, observed beyond 60 °C, correlates with collagen denaturation. These phase transformations highlight the cornea’s sensitivity to both physiologically reversible and irreversible viscoelastic changes induced by mild to high temperatures. Our findings underscore the potential of the Brillouin biosensing technique for real-time diagnostics of corneal biomechanics during refractive surgeries to attain optimized therapeutic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baining Sun, Chenxiang Zheng, Dun Pan, Leer Shen, Wan Zhang, Xiaohua Chen, Yanqin Wen, Yongyong Shi
Viral hepatitis is a systemic infectious diseases caused by various hepatitis viruses, primarily leading to liver damage. It is widely prevalent worldwide, with hepatitis viruses categorized into five types: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, based on their etiology. Currently, the detection of hepatitis viruses relies on methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoelectron microscopy to observe and identify viral particles, and in situ hybridization to detect viral DNA in tissues. However, these methods have limitations, including low sensitivity, high error rates in results, and potential false negative reactions due to occult serum infection conditions. To address these challenges, we have designed an AuNPs-DNA walker method that uses gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and complementary DNA strands for detecting viral DNA fragments through a colorimetric assay and fluorescence detection. The DNA walker, attached to gold nanoparticles, comprises a long walking strand with a probe sequence bound and stem-loop structural strands featuring a modified fluorescent molecule at the 3′ end, which contains the DNAzyme structural domain. Upon the addition of virus fragments, the target sequence binds to the probe chains. Subsequently, the long walking strand is released and continuously hybridizes with the stem-loop structural strand. The DNAzyme undergoes hydrolytical cleavage by Mg2+, breaking the stem-loop structural strand into linear single strands. As a result of these structural changes, the negative charge density in the solution decreases, weakening spatial repulsion and rapidly reducing the stability of the DNA walker. This leads to aggregation upon the addition of a high-salt solution, accompanied by a color change. Virus typing can be performed through fluorescence detection. The innovative method can detect DNA/RNA fragments with high specificity for the target sequence, reaching concentrations as low as 1 nM. Overall, our approach offers a more convenient and reliable method for the detection of hepatitis viruses.
病毒性肝炎是由各种肝炎病毒引起的一种全身性传染病，主要导致肝脏损伤。根据病因，肝炎病毒可分为甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型和戊型五种。目前，肝炎病毒的检测主要依靠酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、免疫电子显微镜观察和识别病毒颗粒以及原位杂交检测组织中的病毒 DNA 等方法。然而，这些方法都有其局限性，包括灵敏度低、结果误差率高，以及隐性血清感染条件下可能出现的假阴性反应。为了解决这些难题，我们设计了一种 AuNPs-DNA walker 方法，它使用金纳米粒子（AuNPs）和互补 DNA 链，通过比色法和荧光检测来检测病毒 DNA 片段。附着在金纳米粒子上的 DNA 步行器包括一条结合了探针序列的长步行链和茎环结构链，茎环结构链的 3′端有一个修饰过的荧光分子，其中包含 DNA 酶结构域。加入病毒片段后，目标序列与探针链结合。随后，长游走链被释放出来，并不断与茎环结构链杂交。DNA 酶在 Mg2+ 的作用下发生水解裂解，将茎环结构链分解成线性单链。由于这些结构变化，溶液中的负电荷密度降低，削弱了空间斥力，迅速降低了 DNA 步行器的稳定性。这导致在加入高盐溶液后出现聚集，并伴有颜色变化。通过荧光检测可以进行病毒分型。这种创新方法可以检测 DNA/RNA 片段，对目标序列具有高度特异性，检测浓度可低至 1 nM。总之，我们的方法为检测肝炎病毒提供了一种更方便、更可靠的方法。
{"title":"Using AuNPs-DNA Walker with Fluorophores Detects the Hepatitis Virus Rapidly","authors":"Baining Sun, Chenxiang Zheng, Dun Pan, Leer Shen, Wan Zhang, Xiaohua Chen, Yanqin Wen, Yongyong Shi","doi":"10.3390/bios14080370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080370","url":null,"abstract":"Viral hepatitis is a systemic infectious diseases caused by various hepatitis viruses, primarily leading to liver damage. It is widely prevalent worldwide, with hepatitis viruses categorized into five types: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, based on their etiology. Currently, the detection of hepatitis viruses relies on methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoelectron microscopy to observe and identify viral particles, and in situ hybridization to detect viral DNA in tissues. However, these methods have limitations, including low sensitivity, high error rates in results, and potential false negative reactions due to occult serum infection conditions. To address these challenges, we have designed an AuNPs-DNA walker method that uses gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and complementary DNA strands for detecting viral DNA fragments through a colorimetric assay and fluorescence detection. The DNA walker, attached to gold nanoparticles, comprises a long walking strand with a probe sequence bound and stem-loop structural strands featuring a modified fluorescent molecule at the 3′ end, which contains the DNAzyme structural domain. Upon the addition of virus fragments, the target sequence binds to the probe chains. Subsequently, the long walking strand is released and continuously hybridizes with the stem-loop structural strand. The DNAzyme undergoes hydrolytical cleavage by Mg2+, breaking the stem-loop structural strand into linear single strands. As a result of these structural changes, the negative charge density in the solution decreases, weakening spatial repulsion and rapidly reducing the stability of the DNA walker. This leads to aggregation upon the addition of a high-salt solution, accompanied by a color change. Virus typing can be performed through fluorescence detection. The innovative method can detect DNA/RNA fragments with high specificity for the target sequence, reaching concentrations as low as 1 nM. Overall, our approach offers a more convenient and reliable method for the detection of hepatitis viruses.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a commonly used metal ion, iron(II) (Fe2+) ions pose a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop analytical techniques for the rapid and accurate detection of Fe2+ ions. However, the development of near-infrared (NIR) luminescence probes with good photostability for Fe2+ ions remain challenging. In this work, we report a novel iridium(III) complex-based luminescence probe for the sensitive and rapid detection of Fe2+ ions in a solution based on an Fe2+-mediated reduction reaction. This probe is capable of sensitively detecting Fe2+ ions with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.26 μM. Furthermore, this probe shows high photostability, and its luminescence remains stable under 365 nm irradiation over a time period of 30 min. To our knowledge, this is first iridium(III) complex-based NIR probe for the detection of Fe2+ ions. We believe that this work provides a new method for the detection of Fe2+ ions and has great potential for future applications in water quality testing and human monitoring.
{"title":"Development of a NIR Iridium(III) Complex-Based Probe for the Selective Detection of Iron(II) Ions","authors":"Wanyi Wang, Zixi Zhang, Jingqi Liu, Lingtan Kong, Wanhe Wang, Chung-Hang Leung, Jing Wang","doi":"10.3390/bios14080369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14080369","url":null,"abstract":"As a commonly used metal ion, iron(II) (Fe2+) ions pose a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop analytical techniques for the rapid and accurate detection of Fe2+ ions. However, the development of near-infrared (NIR) luminescence probes with good photostability for Fe2+ ions remain challenging. In this work, we report a novel iridium(III) complex-based luminescence probe for the sensitive and rapid detection of Fe2+ ions in a solution based on an Fe2+-mediated reduction reaction. This probe is capable of sensitively detecting Fe2+ ions with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.26 μM. Furthermore, this probe shows high photostability, and its luminescence remains stable under 365 nm irradiation over a time period of 30 min. To our knowledge, this is first iridium(III) complex-based NIR probe for the detection of Fe2+ ions. We believe that this work provides a new method for the detection of Fe2+ ions and has great potential for future applications in water quality testing and human monitoring.","PeriodicalId":100185,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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