This lecture attempts to analyse the progress made by homeopathy in recent years, by analysing consumer awareness, sales and distribution trends of homeopathic products, and research publications. Sales of homeopathic medicines are growing rapidly, but remain a very small fraction of the total pharmaceutical market. The proportion of combination to single medicines varies widely between countries. The market is concentrated in a relatively small number of the available medicines; many available homeopathic medicines are never used. Regulation of homeopathic practitioners and medicines is problematic, the legal position varies between countries. The volume of research is growing steadily. A series of recommendations is made, including modernisation of the terminology of homeopathy, training of more practitioners, a defined research agenda and integration into the medical system.
{"title":"Homeopathy: progress and promise, a critical perspective","authors":"JP Borneman","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This lecture attempts to analyse the progress made by homeopathy in recent years, by analysing consumer awareness, sales and distribution trends of homeopathic products, and research publications. Sales of homeopathic medicines are growing rapidly, but remain a very small fraction of the total pharmaceutical market. The proportion of combination to single medicines varies widely between countries. The market is concentrated in a relatively small number of the available medicines; many available homeopathic medicines are never used. Regulation of homeopathic practitioners and medicines is problematic, the legal position varies between countries. The volume of research is growing steadily. A series of recommendations is made, including modernisation of the terminology of homeopathy, training of more practitioners, a defined research agenda and integration into the medical system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137159573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the ‘side-effects’ of evidence-based medicine has been the fetishisation of research, which is sometimes treated as an end in itself. Of course medical practice should be based on evidence of its safety and effectiveness. But lack of evidence of effectiveness is quite different from evidence of lack of effectiveness. The former is often the case with homeopathy, although sceptics frequently interpret it as the latter. Research is not an end in itself, it is a tool, a collection of methods for addressing specific questions. The issue then arises, which questions, asked by whom, should clinical research in homeopathy attempt to answer? Broadly speaking there are three constituencies corresponding to three main categories of questions. The sceptical academic constituency asks ‘is there any evidence that homeopathy is not a placebo effect, that its clinical effects are not entirely attributable to non-specific effects associated with homeopathic treatment: belief, reassurance, advice etc?’ Homeopaths are more likely to pose questions about improving their practice: ‘how can we prescribe better, improve our understanding of materia medica, which prescribing strategies work best etc?’
{"title":"Research for whom?","authors":"Peter Fisher","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0508","DOIUrl":"10.1054/homp.1999.0508","url":null,"abstract":"One of the ‘side-effects’ of evidence-based medicine has been the fetishisation of research, which is sometimes treated as an end in itself. Of course medical practice should be based on evidence of its safety and effectiveness. But lack of evidence of effectiveness is quite different from evidence of lack of effectiveness. The former is often the case with homeopathy, although sceptics frequently interpret it as the latter. Research is not an end in itself, it is a tool, a collection of methods for addressing specific questions. The issue then arises, which questions, asked by whom, should clinical research in homeopathy attempt to answer? Broadly speaking there are three constituencies corresponding to three main categories of questions. The sceptical academic constituency asks ‘is there any evidence that homeopathy is not a placebo effect, that its clinical effects are not entirely attributable to non-specific effects associated with homeopathic treatment: belief, reassurance, advice etc?’ Homeopaths are more likely to pose questions about improving their practice: ‘how can we prescribe better, improve our understanding of materia medica, which prescribing strategies work best etc?’","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114502322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are three papers dealing with this vexed subject, each with a different emphasis; but all authors were agreed on three points: that there seems to be some basis for the consideration of constitution in homeopathy; that there have been rather doctrinaire approaches to the concept in the past, resulting in a rigidity of application; and that because of this, there is a danger that it can mislead in the all-important search for the totality of symptoms, the similimum. Dr Anthony Campbell’s paper, The Concept of Constitution in Homoeopathy, expresses the strongest views on the subject. The author quoted extensively from Kent’s writings, to show the latter’s surprisingly ambivalent attitude towards constitutional prescribing. He was obviously exasperated by the doctrinaire attitude of his colleagues. On the discussion of ‘temperaments’ he stated ‘We see many absurd statements in our homoeopathic literature. Many of these statements are the ex-cathedra statements of our ablest men. These are quoted and handed down as accepted and demonstrated wisdom. Our clinical reports are full of these traditional whims.’ His basic belief is very clear ‘The true basis of a homoeopathic remedy is the collection of signs and symptoms, and these must be morbid, has been the teaching of Hahnemann and his ablest followers. And such teaching is the only teaching that conforms to law.’ In fact, he insisted that the person responsible for introducing constitution was not himself, but Hering: ‘Hering introduced temperaments into the materia medica, but temperaments are not in the provings.’ This is all rather difficult to equate with his extensive use of constitutional indications in his ‘drug pictures’. Dr Campbell did not reject the idea of constitution in toto. He accepted that certain types of person may respond particularly well to certain medicines; but he objected to making it the ‘Philosopher’s Stone’. Ignatia and Constitutional Thinking in Homoeopathy, by Georg von Keller is more difficult to follow. He gave extensive descriptions of some unusual and very specific symptoms produced by Ignatia. He opposed the view that ‘constitution’ may be equated with ‘totality of symptoms’, and considered that even a single symptom would suffice if sufficiently specific. He had rather a different way of describing constitution: ‘Every patient is able to produce only the symptoms already pre-existing in the constitution.’ This could explain the variations found in provings. Constitutional Types, Dr DM Foubister’s evaluation of the concept, was read to the Faculty as early as 1968. He gave words of caution in the use of constitutional typing. Too much emphasis can be placed on the polychrests; the inexperienced may attempt to fit patients into types; many patients cannot be so classified; the emphasis needs to be on recent changes; and the remedy might be missed because the constitutional picture is not obvious. The impression gained from all this is that the issue is as much
{"title":"20 years ago: The British Homoepathic Journal, October 1981","authors":"ST Land","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0513","DOIUrl":"10.1054/homp.1999.0513","url":null,"abstract":"There are three papers dealing with this vexed subject, each with a different emphasis; but all authors were agreed on three points: that there seems to be some basis for the consideration of constitution in homeopathy; that there have been rather doctrinaire approaches to the concept in the past, resulting in a rigidity of application; and that because of this, there is a danger that it can mislead in the all-important search for the totality of symptoms, the similimum. Dr Anthony Campbell’s paper, The Concept of Constitution in Homoeopathy, expresses the strongest views on the subject. The author quoted extensively from Kent’s writings, to show the latter’s surprisingly ambivalent attitude towards constitutional prescribing. He was obviously exasperated by the doctrinaire attitude of his colleagues. On the discussion of ‘temperaments’ he stated ‘We see many absurd statements in our homoeopathic literature. Many of these statements are the ex-cathedra statements of our ablest men. These are quoted and handed down as accepted and demonstrated wisdom. Our clinical reports are full of these traditional whims.’ His basic belief is very clear ‘The true basis of a homoeopathic remedy is the collection of signs and symptoms, and these must be morbid, has been the teaching of Hahnemann and his ablest followers. And such teaching is the only teaching that conforms to law.’ In fact, he insisted that the person responsible for introducing constitution was not himself, but Hering: ‘Hering introduced temperaments into the materia medica, but temperaments are not in the provings.’ This is all rather difficult to equate with his extensive use of constitutional indications in his ‘drug pictures’. Dr Campbell did not reject the idea of constitution in toto. He accepted that certain types of person may respond particularly well to certain medicines; but he objected to making it the ‘Philosopher’s Stone’. Ignatia and Constitutional Thinking in Homoeopathy, by Georg von Keller is more difficult to follow. He gave extensive descriptions of some unusual and very specific symptoms produced by Ignatia. He opposed the view that ‘constitution’ may be equated with ‘totality of symptoms’, and considered that even a single symptom would suffice if sufficiently specific. He had rather a different way of describing constitution: ‘Every patient is able to produce only the symptoms already pre-existing in the constitution.’ This could explain the variations found in provings. Constitutional Types, Dr DM Foubister’s evaluation of the concept, was read to the Faculty as early as 1968. He gave words of caution in the use of constitutional typing. Too much emphasis can be placed on the polychrests; the inexperienced may attempt to fit patients into types; many patients cannot be so classified; the emphasis needs to be on recent changes; and the remedy might be missed because the constitutional picture is not obvious. The impression gained from all this is that the issue is as much ","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129789351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sharp increase of the prescription of methylphenidate (MPD) in hyperactive children in recent years is a matter of increasing uneasiness among professionals, parents and politicians. There is little awareness of treatment alternatives. The purpose of this prospective trial was to assess the efficacy of homeopathy in hyperactive patients and to compare it MPD. The study was performed in a paediatric practice with conventional and homeopathic backgrounds. Children aged 3–17 y, conforming to the DSM-IV criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a Conners Global Index (CGI) of 14 or higher were eligible for the study. All of them received an individual homeopathic treatment. When clinical improvement reached 50%, the parents were asked to reevaluate the symptoms. Those who did not improve sufficiently on homeopathy were changed to MPD, and again evaluated after 3 months. One hundred and fifteen children (92 boys, 23 girls) with a mean age of 8.3 y at diagnosis were included in the study. Prior to treatment the mean CGI was 20.63 (14–30), the mean index of the homeopathy group 20.52 and of the MPD-group 20.94. After an average treatment time of 3.5 months 86 children (75%) had responded to homeopathy, reaching a clinical improvement rating of 73% and an amelioration of the CGI of 55%. Twenty-five children (22%) needed MPD; the average duration of homeopathic (pre-) treatment in this group was 22 months. Clinical improvement under MPD reached 65%, the lowering of the CGI 48%. Three children did not respond to homeopathy nor to MPD, and one left the study. In cases where treatment of a hyperactive child is not urgent, homeopathy is a valuable alternative to MPD. The reported results of homeopathic treatment appear to be similar to the effects of MPD. Only children who did not reach the high level of sensory integration for school had to be changed to MPD. In preschoolers, homeopathy appears a particularly useful treatment for ADHD.
{"title":"Treatment for hyperactive children: homeopathy and methylphenidate compared in a family setting","authors":"H Frei , A Thurneysen","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0506","DOIUrl":"10.1054/homp.1999.0506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sharp increase of the prescription of methylphenidate (MPD) in hyperactive children in recent years is a matter of increasing uneasiness among professionals, parents and politicians. There is little awareness of treatment alternatives. The purpose of this prospective trial was to assess the efficacy of homeopathy in hyperactive patients and to compare it MPD. The study was performed in a paediatric practice with conventional and homeopathic backgrounds. Children aged 3–17<!--> <!-->y, conforming to the DSM-IV criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a Conners Global Index (CGI) of 14 or higher were eligible for the study. All of them received an individual homeopathic treatment. When clinical improvement reached 50%, the parents were asked to reevaluate the symptoms. Those who did not improve sufficiently on homeopathy were changed to MPD, and again evaluated after 3 months. One hundred and fifteen children (92 boys, 23 girls) with a mean age of 8.3<!--> <!-->y at diagnosis were included in the study. Prior to treatment the mean CGI was 20.63 (14–30), the mean index of the homeopathy group 20.52 and of the MPD-group 20.94. After an average treatment time of 3.5 months 86 children (75%) had responded to homeopathy, reaching a clinical improvement rating of 73% and an amelioration of the CGI of 55%. Twenty-five children (22%) needed MPD; the average duration of homeopathic (pre-) treatment in this group was 22 months. Clinical improvement under MPD reached 65%, the lowering of the CGI 48%. Three children did not respond to homeopathy nor to MPD, and one left the study. In cases where treatment of a hyperactive child is not urgent, homeopathy is a valuable alternative to MPD. The reported results of homeopathic treatment appear to be similar to the effects of MPD. Only children who did not reach the high level of sensory integration for school had to be changed to MPD. In preschoolers, homeopathy appears a particularly useful treatment for ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116188472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keyword index to volume 90","authors":"","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137226244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The third international research conference in the series ‘Improving the Success of Homeopathy’, orga-nised by the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital was held at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London on 22 – 23 February. The theme was ‘Reuniting Art with Science’. The conference was attended by 123 people from 17 countries. Thanks to the generosity of the British Homeopathic Association, we were able to give financial support to low income attendees from countries such as Romania, the Indian subcontinent, South America and elsewhere, who would not other-wise have been able to attend. The main themes explored were ‘Art and science in homeopathy’, ‘Harvesting the richness of clinical experience’
{"title":"International Conference: Reuniting Art with Science; London, 22–23 February 2001","authors":"R van Haselen , P Fisher , F Dantas","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0509","DOIUrl":"10.1054/homp.1999.0509","url":null,"abstract":"The third international research conference in the series ‘Improving the Success of Homeopathy’, orga-nised by the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital was held at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London on 22 – 23 February. The theme was ‘Reuniting Art with Science’. The conference was attended by 123 people from 17 countries. Thanks to the generosity of the British Homeopathic Association, we were able to give financial support to low income attendees from countries such as Romania, the Indian subcontinent, South America and elsewhere, who would not other-wise have been able to attend. The main themes explored were ‘Art and science in homeopathy’, ‘Harvesting the richness of clinical experience’","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127958028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LV Bonamin , KS Martinho , AL Nina , F Caviglia , RGW Do Rio
We evaluated the interaction of dexamethasone 10−17 and 10−33 M (equivalent to 7cH and 15cH) with dexamethasone in pharmacological concentrations, using as experimental models: acute inflammation induced by carrageenan, Ehrlich ascitic tumour, and migration of tumour infiltrating leukocytes (TIL). Male adult BALB/c mice (n=7 per group) were used in all experiments. Carrageenan (1%) was injected into the footpad for oedema evaluation and into the peritoneal cavity (i.p.), for differential counting of inflammatory cells. Ehrlich ascitic tumour cells (107 viable cells/ml) were injected i.p. and tumour cells were counted after 6 days, by the Trypan blue exclusion method. The differential TIL was counted using smears stained by hematoxylin–eosin. Treatments were made immediately after carrageenan inoculation or once a day, during Ehrlich tumour development, until the animals were killed. Animals were treated with the following preparations: (1) phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution; (2) dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg for inflammation model or 4 mg/kg for tumour model) mixed with dexamethasone 7cH or 15cH; (3) dexamethasone (same doses) mixed in PBS. Homeopathic dexamethasone partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of pharmacological dexamethasone with regard to paw oedema (two-way ANOVA, P≤0.0008) and polymorphonuclear cell migration (χ2, P=0.0001). No important differences were observed between experimental and control groups, in relation to Ehrlich tumour cells viability or count, or bodyweight, but potentised dexamethasone restored control levels of TIL viability, compared to mice treated with pharmacological doses of dexamethasone (χ2, P≤0.001). The results demonstrate that a potentised substance may change its own pharmacological effects and suggest that ultradilutions effects act mostly on host response.
{"title":"Very high dilutions of dexamethasone inhibit its pharmacological effects in vivo","authors":"LV Bonamin , KS Martinho , AL Nina , F Caviglia , RGW Do Rio","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0496","DOIUrl":"10.1054/homp.1999.0496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We evaluated the interaction of dexamethasone 10<sup>−17</sup> and 10<sup>−33</sup> <!-->M (equivalent to 7cH and 15cH) with dexamethasone in pharmacological concentrations, using as experimental models: acute inflammation induced by carrageenan, Ehrlich ascitic tumour, and migration of tumour infiltrating leukocytes (TIL). Male adult BALB/c mice (<em>n</em>=7 per group) were used in all experiments. Carrageenan (1%) was injected into the footpad for oedema evaluation and into the peritoneal cavity (i.p.), for differential counting of inflammatory cells. Ehrlich ascitic tumour cells (10<sup>7</sup> viable cells/ml) were injected i.p. and tumour cells were counted after 6 days, by the Trypan blue exclusion method. The differential TIL was counted using smears stained by hematoxylin–eosin. Treatments were made immediately after carrageenan inoculation or once a day, during Ehrlich tumour development, until the animals were killed. Animals were treated with the following preparations: (1) phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution; (2) dexamethasone (0.5<!--> <!-->mg/kg for inflammation model or 4<!--> <!-->mg/kg for tumour model) mixed with dexamethasone 7cH or 15cH; (3) dexamethasone (same doses) mixed in PBS. Homeopathic dexamethasone partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of pharmacological dexamethasone with regard to paw oedema (two-way ANOVA, <em>P</em>≤0.0008) and polymorphonuclear cell migration (χ<sup>2</sup>, <em>P</em>=0.0001). No important differences were observed between experimental and control groups, in relation to Ehrlich tumour cells viability or count, or bodyweight, but potentised dexamethasone restored control levels of TIL viability, compared to mice treated with pharmacological doses of dexamethasone (χ<sup>2</sup>, <em>P</em>≤0.001). The results demonstrate that a potentised substance may change its own pharmacological effects and suggest that ultradilutions effects act mostly on host response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124834957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conventional antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) faces a number of problems, including antibiotic resistance. Homeopathy has been shown to be capable of treating AOM successfully. As AOM has a high rate of spontaneous resolution, a trial to prove any treatment-effect has to demonstrate very fast resolution of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to find out how many children with AOM are relieved of pain within 12 h after the beginning of homeopathic treatment, making additional measures unnecessary. Two hundred and thirty children with AOM received a first individualized homeopathic medicine in the paediatric office. If pain-reduction was not sufficient after 6 h, a second (different) homeopathic medicine was given. After a further 6 h, children who had not reached pain control were started on antibiotics. Pain control was achieved in 39% of the patients after 6 h, another 33% after 12 h. This resolution rate is 2.4 times faster than in placebo controls. There were no complications observed in the study group, and compared to conventional treatment the approach was 14% cheaper.
{"title":"Homeopathy in acute otitis media in children: treatment effect or spontaneous resolution?","authors":"H Frei , A Thurneysen","doi":"10.1054/homp.1999.0505","DOIUrl":"10.1054/homp.1999.0505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The conventional antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) faces a number of problems, including antibiotic resistance. Homeopathy has been shown to be capable of treating AOM successfully. As AOM has a high rate of spontaneous resolution, a trial to prove any treatment-effect has to demonstrate very fast resolution of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to find out how many children with AOM are relieved of pain within 12<!--> <!-->h after the beginning of homeopathic treatment, making additional measures unnecessary. Two hundred and thirty children with AOM received a first individualized homeopathic medicine in the paediatric office. If pain-reduction was not sufficient after 6<!--> <!-->h, a second (different) homeopathic medicine was given. After a further 6<!--> <!-->h, children who had not reached pain control were started on antibiotics. Pain control was achieved in 39% of the patients after 6<!--> <!-->h, another 33% after 12<!--> <!-->h. This resolution rate is 2.4 times faster than in placebo controls. There were no complications observed in the study group, and compared to conventional treatment the approach was 14% cheaper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100201,"journal":{"name":"British Homoeopathic Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1054/homp.1999.0505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124382488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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