Cancer Innovation最新文献

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) significantly impacts immune regulation and the pathogenesis and progression of various cancers. This review discusses LILRB4's structural attributes, expression patterns in immune cells, and molecular mechanisms in modulating immune responses. We describe the influence of LILRB4 on T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages, and its dual role in stimulating and suppressing immune activities. The review discusses the current research on LILRB4's involvement in acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extramedullary multiple myeloma. The review also describes LILRB4's role in autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and other conditions. We evaluate the recent advancements in targeting LILRB4 using monoclonal antibodies and peptide inhibitors and their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Together, these studies underscore the need for further research on LILRB4's interactions in the tumor microenvironment and highlight its importance as a therapeutic target in oncology and for future clinical innovations.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates tumor development through intricate intercellular signaling, thereby supporting tumor growth and suppressing the immune response. Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13), an AAA+ ATPase, modulates the conformation of client macromolecules, consequently influencing cellular signaling pathways. TRIP13 has been implicated in processes such as proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis during tumor progression. Recent studies have revealed that TRIP13 also plays a role in immune response suppression within the TME. Thus, inhibiting these functions of TRIP13 could potentially enhance immune responses and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. This review summarizes the recent research progress of TRIP13 and discusses the potential of targeting TRIP13 to improve immune-based therapies for patients with cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer. Ongoing research aims to uncover the causes of CRC, with a growing focus on the role of gut microbiota (GM) in carcinogenesis. The GM influences CRC development, progression, treatment efficacy, and therapeutic toxicities. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli can regulate microbial gene expression through the incorporation of human small noncode RNA and potentially contribute to cancer progression. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have both negative and positive impacts on GM, depending on their type. Several studies state that titanium dioxide may increase the diversity, richness, and abundance of probiotics bacteria, whereas other studies demonstrate dose-dependent GM dysbiosis. The MNPs offer cytotoxicity through the modulation of MAPK signaling pathways, NF-kB signaling pathways, PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, extrinsic signaling pathways, intrinsic apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at G1, G2, or M phase. MNPs enhance drug delivery, enable targeted therapy, and may restore GM. However, there is a need to conduct well-designed clinical trials to assess the toxicity, safety, and effectiveness of MNPs-based CRC therapies.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor and the main cause of death in women worldwide. With increased knowledge regarding tumor escape mechanisms and advances in immunology, many new antitumor strategies such as nonspecific immunotherapies, monoclonal antibodies, anticancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses, among others, make immunotherapy a promising approach for the treatment of BC. However, these approaches still require meticulous assessment and readjustment as resistance and modest response rates remain important barriers. In this article, we aim to summarize the most recent data available in BC immunotherapy to include the results of ongoing clinical trials and approved therapies used as monotherapies or in combination with conventional treatments.

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a pivotal biological phenomenon involved in various cellular processes, including the formation of membrane-less organelles and the regulation of biomolecular condensates through precise spatiotemporal coordination of signaling pathways in cells. Dysregulation of LLPSs results in aberrant biomolecular condensates, which are widely implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we comprehensively summarize the multifaceted roles of LLPS in tumor biology from the perspective of cancer hallmarks, including genomic stability, metabolic reprogramming progression, ferroptosis, and metastasis, to unveil the intricate mechanisms by which LLPS occurs in tumorigenesis. We discuss current discoveries related to therapeutic involvement and potential clinical applications of LLPS in cancer treatment, highlighting the potential of targeting LLPS-driven processes as novel therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with new approaches for cancer treatment based on LLPS. This in-depth discussion of the impact of LLPS on fundamental aspects of tumor biology provides new insights into overcoming cancer.

Patient-centered care (PCC) is an innovative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of malignancy that aims to improve patients' experience during the management of their disease. However, despite growing interest, the concept and specifics of PCC remain unclear. This consensus document addresses this gap by providing a literature review and a clear definition of PCC and outlines its main components as observed in real-world practice. These components include daytime diagnostic and treatment procedures, in-hospital and community-based infusion centers, home-based diagnostic and treatment services, smart healthcare solutions, and integration of traditional Chinese medicine. This document delves into the implementation of PCC and explores its potential benefits.