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18F-FDG PET/CT findings of paratesticular alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 睾丸旁腺泡横纹肌肉瘤的 18F-FDG PET/CT 发现
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.121
Xueqi Chen, Jiayin Shou, Shanshi Li, Yan Fan, Jianhua Zhang

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) originates from primitive mesenchymal cells and is the most common soft tissue tumor in childhood. 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been reported to be valuable in RMS staging and risk stratification. Paratesticular RMS is a relatively uncommon form of RMS, most of which are of the embryonal histologic type. Paratesticular alveolar RMS is associated with aggressive behavior, high metastatic potential, and poor outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging findings of paratesticular alveolar RMS have never been described. Here, we report on a 16-year-old boy's rare paratesticular alveolar RMS with multiple metastases and its findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT. This case also demonstrates the potential value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in RMS staging and treatment decisions, and may aid in the differential diagnosis.

横纹肌肉瘤(RMS)起源于原始间充质细胞,是儿童时期最常见的软组织肿瘤。据报道,18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射断层扫描(PET)/计算机断层扫描(CT)对横纹肌肉瘤的分期和风险分层很有价值。睾丸旁RMS是一种相对少见的RMS,其中大多数属于胚胎组织学类型。睾丸旁肺泡型RMS具有侵袭性、高转移潜能和不良预后。据我们所知,18F-FDG PET/CT 对睾丸旁肺泡型 RMS 的成像结果从未有过描述。在此,我们报告了一名16岁男孩罕见的伴有多处转移的睾丸旁肺泡型RMS及其18F-FDG PET/CT成像结果。该病例还证明了18F-FDG PET/CT在RMS分期和治疗决策中的潜在价值,并有助于鉴别诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical practice guidelines for full-cycle standardized management of bone health in breast cancer patients 乳腺癌患者骨健康全周期标准化管理临床实践指南
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.111
Committee of Full-cycle Standardized Management of Bone Health in Breast Cancer Patients

Bone health management for breast cancer spans the entire cycle of patient care, including the prevention and treatment of bone loss caused by early breast cancer treatment, the adjuvant application of bone-modifying agents to improve prognosis, and the diagnosis and treatment of advanced bone metastases. Making good bone health management means formulating appropriate treatment strategies and dealing with adverse drug reactions, and will help to improve patients' quality of life and survival rates. The Breast Cancer Expert Committee of the National Cancer Center for Quality Control organized relevant experts to conduct an in-depth discussion on the full-cycle management of breast cancer bone health based on evidence-based medicine, and put forward reasonable suggestions to guide clinicians to better deal with health issues in bone health clinics.

乳腺癌的骨健康管理横跨患者护理的整个周期,包括预防和治疗早期乳腺癌治疗引起的骨质流失、辅助应用骨修饰药物以改善预后,以及诊断和治疗晚期骨转移。做好骨健康管理,就是要制定合适的治疗策略,处理好药物不良反应,有助于提高患者的生活质量和生存率。国家癌症质控中心乳腺癌专家委员会组织相关专家对基于循证医学的乳腺癌骨健康全周期管理进行了深入探讨,并提出合理建议,指导临床医生更好地处理骨健康诊疗中的健康问题。
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引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular disease burden in patients with urological cancers: The new discipline of uro-cardio-oncology 泌尿系统癌症患者的心血管疾病负担:泌尿心血管肿瘤学这门新学科
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.108
Yi Zheng, Ying Liu, Ziliang Chen, Yunpeng Zhang, Zuo Qi, Ning Wu, Zhiqiang Zhao, Gary Tse, Yong Wang, Hailong Hu, Yuanjie Niu, Tong Liu

Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, and urological cancers are the most common cancers among men. Several therapeutic agents have been used to treat urological cancer, leading to improved survival for patients. However, this has been accompanied by an increase in the frequency of survivors with cardiovascular complications caused by anticancer medications. Here, we propose the novel discipline of uro-cardio-oncology, an evolving subspecialty focused on the complex interactions between cardiovascular disease and urological cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various cardiovascular toxicities induced by different classes of antineoplastic agents used to treat urological cancers, including androgen deprivation therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapeutics. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity associated with anticancer therapy and outline strategies for the surveillance, diagnosis, and effective management of cardiovascular complications. Finally, we provide an analysis of future perspectives in this emerging specialty, identifying areas in need of further research.

癌症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因,而泌尿系统癌症是男性最常见的癌症。目前已有多种治疗药物用于治疗泌尿系统癌症,从而提高了患者的生存率。然而,与此同时,因抗癌药物引起心血管并发症的幸存者人数也在增加。在此,我们提出了泌尿心血管肿瘤学这一新兴学科,它是一个不断发展的亚专科,重点研究心血管疾病与泌尿系统癌症之间复杂的相互作用。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了用于治疗泌尿系统癌症的各类抗肿瘤药物诱发的各种心血管毒性,包括雄激素剥夺疗法、血管内皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、免疫检查点抑制剂和化疗药物。此外,我们还讨论了与抗癌治疗相关的心血管毒性的可能机制,并概述了心血管并发症的监测、诊断和有效管理策略。最后,我们分析了这一新兴专业的未来前景,确定了需要进一步研究的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular disease burden in patients with urological cancers: The new discipline of uro‐cardio‐oncology 泌尿系统癌症患者的心血管疾病负担:泌尿心血管肿瘤学这门新学科
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.108
Yi Zheng, Ying Liu, Ziliang Chen, Yunpeng Zhang, Zuo Qi, Ning Wu, Zhiqiang Zhao, Gary Tse, Yong Wang, Hailong Hu, Yuanjie Niu, Tong Liu
Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, and urological cancers are the most common cancers among men. Several therapeutic agents have been used to treat urological cancer, leading to improved survival for patients. However, this has been accompanied by an increase in the frequency of survivors with cardiovascular complications caused by anticancer medications. Here, we propose the novel discipline of uro‐cardio‐oncology, an evolving subspecialty focused on the complex interactions between cardiovascular disease and urological cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various cardiovascular toxicities induced by different classes of antineoplastic agents used to treat urological cancers, including androgen deprivation therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapeutics. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity associated with anticancer therapy and outline strategies for the surveillance, diagnosis, and effective management of cardiovascular complications. Finally, we provide an analysis of future perspectives in this emerging specialty, identifying areas in need of further research.
癌症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因,而泌尿系统癌症是男性最常见的癌症。目前已有多种治疗药物用于治疗泌尿系统癌症,从而提高了患者的生存率。然而,与此同时,因抗癌药物引起心血管并发症的幸存者人数也在增加。在此,我们提出了泌尿心血管肿瘤学这一新兴学科,它是一个不断发展的亚专科,重点研究心血管疾病与泌尿系统癌症之间复杂的相互作用。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了用于治疗泌尿系统癌症的各类抗肿瘤药物诱发的各种心血管毒性,包括雄激素剥夺疗法、血管内皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、免疫检查点抑制剂和化疗药物。此外,我们还讨论了与抗癌治疗相关的心血管毒性的可能机制,并概述了心血管并发症的监测、诊断和有效管理策略。最后,我们分析了这一新兴专业的未来前景,确定了需要进一步研究的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Multifaceted roles and functions of SOX30 in human cancer SOX30 在人类癌症中的多重作用和功能
Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.107
Na Sun, Cheng Wang, Pingping Gao, Rui Wang, Yi Zhang, Xiaowei Qi
SRY‐box transcription factor 30 (SOX30) participates in tumor cell apoptosis in lung cancer. The occurrence of somatic SOX30 mutations, the expression signature of SOX30 in normal and cancer tissues, the correlation of SOX30 with immune cells and immune‐related genes, and the clinical significance of SOX30 in various cancers have stimulated interest in SOX30 as a potential cancer biomarker. SOX30 influences drug sensitivity and tumor immunity in specific cancer types. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the latest research on the role of SOX30 in cancer by combining bioinformatics evidence and a literature review. We summarize recent research on SOX30 in cancer regarding somatic mutations, trials, transcriptome analysis, clinical information, and SOX30‐mediated regulation of malignant phenotypes. Additionally, we report on the diagnostic value of SOX30 mRNA expression levels across different cancer types. This review on the role of SOX30 in cancer progression may provide insights into possible research directions for SOX30 in cancer and a theoretical basis for guiding future studies.
SRY-盒转录因子30(SOX30)参与肺癌中肿瘤细胞的凋亡。体细胞SOX30突变的发生、SOX30在正常组织和癌症组织中的表达特征、SOX30与免疫细胞和免疫相关基因的相关性以及SOX30在各种癌症中的临床意义激发了人们对SOX30作为潜在癌症生物标志物的兴趣。SOX30 会影响特定癌症类型的药物敏感性和肿瘤免疫。在这篇综述中,我们结合生物信息学证据和文献综述,全面总结了有关 SOX30 在癌症中作用的最新研究。我们总结了有关 SOX30 在癌症中的体细胞突变、试验、转录组分析、临床信息以及 SOX30 介导的恶性表型调控等方面的最新研究。此外,我们还报告了不同癌症类型中 SOX30 mRNA 表达水平的诊断价值。这篇关于 SOX30 在癌症进展中的作用的综述可为 SOX30 在癌症中的可能研究方向提供见解,并为指导未来的研究提供理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Multifaceted roles and functions of SOX30 in human cancer SOX30 在人类癌症中的多重作用和功能
Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.107
Na Sun, Cheng Wang, Pingping Gao, Rui Wang, Yi Zhang, Xiaowei Qi

SRY-box transcription factor 30 (SOX30) participates in tumor cell apoptosis in lung cancer. The occurrence of somatic SOX30 mutations, the expression signature of SOX30 in normal and cancer tissues, the correlation of SOX30 with immune cells and immune-related genes, and the clinical significance of SOX30 in various cancers have stimulated interest in SOX30 as a potential cancer biomarker. SOX30 influences drug sensitivity and tumor immunity in specific cancer types. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the latest research on the role of SOX30 in cancer by combining bioinformatics evidence and a literature review. We summarize recent research on SOX30 in cancer regarding somatic mutations, trials, transcriptome analysis, clinical information, and SOX30-mediated regulation of malignant phenotypes. Additionally, we report on the diagnostic value of SOX30 mRNA expression levels across different cancer types. This review on the role of SOX30 in cancer progression may provide insights into possible research directions for SOX30 in cancer and a theoretical basis for guiding future studies.

SRY-盒转录因子30(SOX30)参与肺癌中肿瘤细胞的凋亡。体细胞SOX30突变的发生、SOX30在正常组织和癌症组织中的表达特征、SOX30与免疫细胞和免疫相关基因的相关性以及SOX30在各种癌症中的临床意义激发了人们对SOX30作为潜在癌症生物标志物的兴趣。SOX30 会影响特定癌症类型的药物敏感性和肿瘤免疫。在这篇综述中,我们结合生物信息学证据和文献综述,全面总结了有关 SOX30 在癌症中作用的最新研究。我们总结了有关 SOX30 在癌症中的体细胞突变、试验、转录组分析、临床信息以及 SOX30 介导的恶性表型调控等方面的最新研究。此外,我们还报告了不同癌症类型中 SOX30 mRNA 表达水平的诊断价值。这篇关于 SOX30 在癌症进展中的作用的综述可为 SOX30 在癌症中的可能研究方向提供见解,并为指导未来的研究提供理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerated partial breast irradiation: Current evidence and future developments 加速乳房部分照射:当前证据和未来发展
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.106
Dandan Song, Honghong Zhang, Chengbo Ren, Ning Zhan, Liangxi Xie, Wenjia Xie

Whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer has become one of the standard treatment modes for breast cancer and yields the same effect as radical surgery. Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) as a substitute for whole breast irradiation for patients with early breast cancer is a hot spot in clinical research. APBI is characterised by simple high-dose local irradiation of the tumour bed in a short time, thus improving convenience for patients and saving costs. The implementation methods of APBI mainly include brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and intraoperative radiotherapy. This review provides an overview of the clinical effects and adverse reactions of the main technologies of APBI and discusses the prospects for the future development of APBI.

早期乳腺癌保乳手术后的全乳照射已成为乳腺癌的标准治疗模式之一,其效果与根治性手术相同。加速乳腺部分照射(APBI)作为早期乳腺癌患者全乳腺照射的替代疗法是临床研究的热点。加速乳腺部分照射的特点是在短时间内对肿瘤床进行简单的高剂量局部照射,从而为患者提供更多便利,并节省费用。APBI的实施方法主要包括近距离放射治疗、体外射束放射治疗和术中放射治疗。本综述概述了APBI主要技术的临床效果和不良反应,并探讨了APBI的未来发展前景。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical significance, molecular characterization, and immune microenvironment analysis of coagulation-related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma 透明细胞肾细胞癌中凝血相关基因的临床意义、分子特征和免疫微环境分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.105
Weihao Chen, Xupeng Zhao, Yongliang Lu, Hanfeng Wang, Xiyou Wang, Yi Wang, Chen Liang, Zhuomin Jia, Wei Ma

Background

Numerous studies have revealed a tight connection between tumor development and the coagulation system. However, the effects of coagulation on the prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly understood.

Methods

We employed the consensus clustering method to characterize distinct molecular subtypes associated with coagulation patterns. Subsequently, we examined variations in the overall survival (OS), genomic profiles, and TME characteristics between these subtypes. To develop a prognostic coagulation-related risk score (CRRS) model, we utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analyses. We also created a nomogram to aid in the clinical application of the risk score, evaluating the relationships between the CRRS and the immune microenvironment, responsiveness to immunotherapy, and targeted treatment. The clinical significance of PLAUR and its biological function in ccRCC were also further analyzed.

Results

There were significant differences in clinical features, prognostic stratification, genomic variation, and TME characteristics between the two coagulation-related subtypes. We established and validated a CRRS using six coagulation-related genes that can be employed as an effective indicator of risk stratification and prognosis estimation for ccRCC patients. Significant variations in survival outcomes were observed between the high- and low-risk groups. The nomogram was proficient in predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. Additionally, the CRRS emerged as a novel tool for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy and targeted treatments in ccRCC. Moreover, we confirmed upregulated PLAUR expression in ccRCC samples that was significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis. PLAUR knockdown notably inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusion

Our data suggested that CRRS may be employed as a reliable predictive biomarker that can provide therapeutic benefits for immunotherapy and targeted therapy in ccRCC.

大量研究揭示了肿瘤发生与凝血系统之间的紧密联系。然而,人们对凝血对透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)的预后和肿瘤微环境(TME)的影响仍然知之甚少。随后,我们研究了这些亚型之间在总生存期(OS)、基因组图谱和TME特征方面的差异。为了建立预后凝血相关风险评分(CRRS)模型,我们采用了最小绝对缩减和选择操作者 Cox 回归和逐步多变量 Cox 回归分析。我们还创建了一个提名图来帮助风险评分的临床应用,评估 CRRS 与免疫微环境、免疫疗法反应性和靶向治疗之间的关系。两种凝血相关亚型的临床特征、预后分层、基因组变异和TME特征均存在显著差异。我们利用六个凝血相关基因建立并验证了CRRS,它可作为ccRCC患者风险分层和预后评估的有效指标。高危组和低危组之间的生存结果存在显著差异。提名图能很好地预测1年、3年和5年的OS。此外,CRRS还是评估免疫疗法和靶向治疗对ccRCC临床疗效的一种新工具。此外,我们还证实了 PLAUR 在 ccRCC 样本中的表达上调与患者的不良预后显著相关。我们的数据表明,CRRS可作为一种可靠的预测性生物标记物,为ccRCC的免疫疗法和靶向疗法提供疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Postmastectomy radiotherapy in breast reconstruction: Current controversies and trends 乳房重建中的乳房切除术后放疗:当前的争议和趋势
Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.104
Honghong Zhang, Dandan Song, Liangxi Xie, Ning Zhan, Wenjia Xie, Jianming Zhang

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is an essential component of combined therapy for early-stage, high-risk breast cancer. Breast reconstruction (BR) is often considered for patients with breast cancer who have undergone mastectomy. There has been a considerable amount of discussion about the optimal approach to combining PMRT with BR in the treatment of breast cancer. PMRT may increase the risk of complications and prevent good aesthetic results after BR, while BR may increase the complexity of PMRT and the radiation dose to surrounding normal tissues. The purpose of this review is to give a broad overview and summary of the current controversies and trends in PMRT and BR in the context of the most recent literature available.

乳腺癌是全球妇女最常见的癌症。乳房切除术后放疗(PMRT)是早期高危乳腺癌综合疗法的重要组成部分。接受过乳房切除术的乳腺癌患者通常会考虑进行乳房重建(BR)。关于在乳腺癌治疗中将 PMRT 与 BR 结合使用的最佳方法,已经进行了大量讨论。乳腺放射治疗可能会增加并发症的风险,影响 BR 后的美观效果,而 BR 可能会增加乳腺放射治疗的复杂性和对周围正常组织的辐射剂量。本综述的目的是根据现有的最新文献,对 PMRT 和 BR 目前的争议和趋势进行概述和总结。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review of 3D cancer models for drug screening and translational research 用于药物筛选和转化研究的三维癌症模型综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.102
Karthikey Sharma, Sreenath Dey, Rounik Karmakar, Aravind Kumar Rengan

The 3D cancer models fill the discovery gap of 2D cancer models and play an important role in cancer research. In addition to cancer cells, a range of other factors include the stroma, density and composition of extracellular matrix, cancer-associated immune cells (e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts cancer cell-stroma interactions and subsequent interactions, and a number of other factors (e.g., tumor vasculature and tumor-like microenvironment in vivo) has been widely ignored in the 2D concept of culture. Despite this knowledge, the continued use of monolayer cell culture methods has led to the failure of a series of clinical trials. This review discusses the immense importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) recapitulation in cancer research, prioritizing the individual roles of TME elements in cancer histopathology. The TME provided by the 3D model fulfills the requirements of in vivo spatiotemporal arrangement, components, and is helpful in analyzing various different aspects of drug sensitivity in preclinical and clinical trials, some of which are discussed here. Furthermore, it discusses models for the co-assembly of different TME elements in vitro and focuses on their synergistic function and responsiveness as tumors. Furthermore, this review broadly describes of a handful of recently developed 3D models whose main focus is limited to drug development and their screening and/or the impact of this approach in preclinical and translational research.

三维癌症模型填补了二维癌症模型的发现空白,在癌症研究中发挥着重要作用。除癌细胞外,基质、细胞外基质的密度和组成、癌症相关免疫细胞(如癌症相关成纤维细胞癌细胞与基质的相互作用及后续相互作用)等一系列因素(如体内肿瘤血管和类肿瘤微环境)在二维培养概念中已被广泛忽视。尽管知道这些,但继续使用单层细胞培养方法已导致一系列临床试验的失败。这篇综述讨论了肿瘤微环境(TME)再现在癌症研究中的巨大重要性,并优先讨论了肿瘤微环境要素在癌症组织病理学中的各自作用。三维模型提供的肿瘤微环境满足了体内时空排列和成分的要求,有助于分析临床前和临床试验中药物敏感性的各种不同方面,本文将讨论其中的一些方面。此外,本综述还讨论了不同 TME 元素在体外共同组装的模型,并重点研究了它们作为肿瘤的协同功能和反应性。此外,本综述还广泛介绍了最近开发的一些三维模型,这些模型的主要重点仅限于药物开发及其筛选和/或这种方法在临床前和转化研究中的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Cancer Innovation
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