Cleaner Waste Systems最新文献

Green building materials in the construction sector in Ghana: A narrative review of environmental and economic viability 加纳建筑部门的绿色建筑材料：环境和经济可行性的叙述性审查

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100478

Kwame Anokye

The construction industry in Ghana faces a critical challenge in balancing environmental sustainability with economic feasibility. This narrative review evaluates the environmental and economic viability of Green Building Materials (GBMs) using a life cycle approach. Synthesized findings from existing literature indicate that conventional building materials contribute significantly to carbon emissions, with cement production alone accounting for approximately 8 % of global CO₂ emissions. In contrast, GBMs such as compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) and geopolymer concrete demonstrate lower embodied carbon and energy consumption. Additionally, buildings constructed with GBMs reported 26–30 % cost savings due to reduced material costs, lower maintenance, and enhanced thermal performance. Despite these benefits, the adoption of GBMs in Ghana remains constrained by high initial costs, limited market availability, and inadequate policy support. The study identifies key barriers, including the absence of financial incentives, underdeveloped supply chains, and a shortage of skilled labor. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions such as tax incentives, subsidies, local manufacturing investments, and sustainability education programs to facilitate GBM adoption. This study provides novel insights by integrating environmental impact assessments with life cycle cost analyses, bridging a critical knowledge gap in sustainable construction. This research highlights the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration to align Ghana’s construction sector with global sustainability targets.

加纳建筑业面临着平衡环境可持续性与经济可行性的严峻挑战。本文使用生命周期方法对绿色建筑材料（GBMs）的环境和经济可行性进行了评估。现有文献的综合研究结果表明，传统建筑材料对碳排放的贡献很大，仅水泥生产就占全球二氧化碳排放量的约8. %。相比之下，压缩稳定土块（cseb）和地聚合物混凝土等GBMs表现出更低的隐含碳和能源消耗。此外，使用GBMs建造的建筑报告称，由于材料成本降低、维护成本降低和热性能增强，节省了26 - 30% %的成本。尽管有这些好处，加纳采用gbm仍然受到初始成本高、市场供应有限和政策支持不足的制约。该研究指出了主要障碍，包括缺乏财政激励、供应链不发达和熟练劳动力短缺。研究结果强调，迫切需要有针对性的干预措施，如税收优惠、补贴、当地制造业投资和可持续发展教育计划，以促进GBM的采用。本研究通过将环境影响评估与生命周期成本分析相结合，提供了新颖的见解，弥合了可持续建筑的关键知识差距。这项研究强调了多方利益相关者合作的重要性，使加纳的建筑部门与全球可持续发展目标保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Valorisation of fermented hatchery residues through black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) bioconversion 黑兵蝇（Hermetia illucens）幼虫生物转化发酵孵化场残留物的研究

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100476

Mariève Dallaire-Lamontagne , Linda Saucier , Martha Paola Rivera Rodríguez , Mahamoudou Koné , Fanny Gallant , Jean-Michel Allard Prus , Jérémy Lavoie , Grant W. Vandenberg , Marie-Hélène Deschamps

The bioconversion of hatchery residues (HR; unmarketable chicks, eggs and eggshells) by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offers an alternative to conventional rendering. Fermentation of HR improves microbiological quality and odours but results in carbohydrate-deficient diets. This study assessed the potential of BSFL to bioconvert fermented and unfermented HR diets and evaluated the impact on resulting larvae and frass. Diets included a control (Gainesville), unfermented HR, and fermented HR (14 days, 0.3 % ferment, 25 % lactose, dry basis), with or without 13 % potato residues (dry basis) as a carbohydrate source. The BSFL (n = 800 5-day post-eclosion neonates) were reared in triplicate per treatment (0.6 g dry diet/larva). Microbiological analyses were performed on diets, larvae, and frass. Yield and bioconversion rate were significantly lower for unfermented (60 ± 7 g; 5 %) and fermented HR (19 ± 4 g; 2 %) than for the control (209 ± 18 g; 14 %). Fermentation effectively reduced initial coliform loads to values (< 2 log cfu/g) below those of the control (4 log cfu/g) and unfermented HR (5 log cfu/g) but failed to control spore-forming Clostridium spp. (8 log cfu/g in diets; 9 log cfu/g in larvae). Larvae and frass from the control exhibited higher contamination with Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes (4–5 log cfu/g) than those from unfermented HR (3 log cfu/g). These findings indicate that HR can support BSFL rearing, though further composition and texture optimisation is required. While fermentation enhances initial substrate quality, post-harvest treatments of larvae remain essential to ensure microbial safety.

黑兵蝇幼虫（BSFL）对孵化场残留物（HR；未上市的小鸡、鸡蛋和蛋壳）的生物转化为传统的转化提供了一种替代方法。发酵HR可以改善微生物质量和气味，但会导致碳水化合物缺乏。本研究评估了BSFL生物转化发酵和未发酵HR饲料的潜力，并评估了对产生的幼虫和杂草的影响。饲粮包括对照（Gainesville）、未发酵的HR和发酵的HR（14天，0.3 %发酵，25 %乳糖，干基），添加或不添加13 %马铃薯渣（干基）作为碳水化合物源。每个处理（0.6 g干饲料/幼虫）饲养3个重复的BSFL （n = 800只羽化后5 d新生儿）。对日粮、幼虫和牧草进行微生物学分析。未发酵的产量和生物转化速率明显下降(60 ± 7 g; 5 %)和发酵的人力资源(19 ± 4 g; 2 %)比控制(209 ± 18 g; 14 %)。发酵有效地降低了初始大肠菌群负荷（< 2 log cfu/g），低于对照组（4 log cfu/g）和未发酵HR(5 log cfu/g)，但未能控制芽孢形成梭状芽孢杆菌（8 log cfu/g，幼虫9 log cfu/g）。对照的幼虫和饲料中沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特菌的污染（4-5 log cfu/g）高于未发酵的幼虫和饲料（3 log cfu/g）。这些结果表明，尽管需要进一步优化组成和质地，但HR可以支持BSFL饲养。虽然发酵提高了初始底物质量，但收获后的幼虫处理仍然是确保微生物安全的必要条件。

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引用次数: 0

Development of rice husk and coconut coir-based green desiccants toward industrial moisture control applications 稻壳和椰壳基绿色干燥剂在工业水分控制中的应用

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100477

Ajay P.D , Ganesha A , Girish H , Nitesh Kumar , Shiva Kumar , Sampath Suranjan Salins

Agricultural waste materials such as rice husk and coconut coir offer eco-friendly, low-cost alternatives to conventional desiccants. This study evaluates their potential for moisture control applications following nitric acid (4 N HNO₃) treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that acid treatment significantly increased porosity from 34.95 % to 53.13 % in rice husk and from 39.72 % to 52.90 % in coconut coir. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed enhanced hydroxyl group availability, with treated rice husk showing 1.61-fold higher O-H peak intensity compared to untreated samples. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated substantially lower regeneration temperatures: 150 °C for rice husk and 118 °C for coconut coir, compared to conventional desiccants (silica gel: 120–180 °C; zeolites: 200–400 °C). Moisture adsorption testing at 75 % relative humidity showed treated rice husk achieved 48.2 g (100 g)⁻¹ capacity while treated coconut coir reached 57.0 g (100 g)⁻¹, both exceeding silica gel (35–40 g (100 g)⁻¹ Rice husk exhibited superior thermal stability (up to 542 °C) and durability, making it ideal for high-temperature industrial applications, while coconut coir demonstrated faster regeneration kinetics suitable for energy-efficient systems. A Figure of Merit integrating adsorption capacity, regeneration time, and temperature (0.321–0.322 g/100 g/h/°C) confirms their competitive performance. These findings establish that acid-treated agricultural waste is a viable, sustainable desiccant with promise for future industrial moisture control, air conditioning, and food preservation applications.

稻壳和椰壳等农业废料是传统干燥剂的环保、低成本替代品。这项研究评估了它们在硝酸（4 N HNO₃）处理后的水分控制应用的潜力。扫描电镜（SEM）显示，酸处理显著提高了稻壳的孔隙率，从34.95 %增加到53.13 %，椰壳的孔隙率从39.72 %增加到52.90 %。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实了羟基可用性的增强，处理后的稻壳的O-H峰强度比未处理的样品高1.61倍。热重分析（TGA）表明，与传统的干燥剂（硅胶：120-180°C，沸石：200-400°C）相比，稻壳的再生温度显著降低：150°C，椰壳的再生温度为118°C。在75 %相对湿度下的吸湿测试表明，处理过的稻壳达到48.2 g(100 g)−1容量，而处理过的椰壳达到57.0 g(100 g)−1，两者都超过硅胶（35-40 g(100 g)−1）。稻壳表现出优异的热稳定性（高达542°C）和耐久性，使其成为高温工业应用的理想选择，而椰壳表现出更快的再生动力学，适用于节能系统。综合吸附容量、再生时间和温度（0.321-0.322 g/100 g/h/°C）的优值图证实了它们的竞争性能。这些发现表明，酸处理的农业废弃物是一种可行的、可持续的干燥剂，有望在未来的工业湿度控制、空调和食品保鲜应用中得到应用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of vision–language models for waste classification: Zero- and few-shot with a training-free tip-adapter 废物分类的视觉语言模型的评估：零和少数镜头与训练自由提示适配器

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100475

Jonas V. Funk, Paul Bäcker, Lukas Roming, Jerardh Josekutty, Georg Maier, Thomas Längle

Accurate waste classification is essential for effective recycling. For household waste, changing recycling policies and the introduction of new materials in consumer products continually reshape sorting categories across regions and over time. These changes challenge existing sensor-based sorting systems trained for a specific classification task, and restoring accuracy with fully supervised retraining is costly because it requires new labeled data and full model updates. We investigate whether foundation models can deliver accurate image-based waste classification with no or few labeled examples. We analyze existing methods such as multimodal large language models (MLLMs), vision–language models (VLMs), Vision Transformers (ViTs), and a baseline CNN across four datasets, including a new food vs. non-food packaging dataset, with varying numbers of labeled examples. Further, we propose adaptations to the existing approaches, such as chain-of-thought prompting for MLLMs, and ensemble prompting and a Tip-Adapter for VLMs. We show that MLLMs perform well on zero-shot classification and larger models like GPT-4o further improve with few examples, but at infeasible computational cost for industry-scale inference. For a comparably faster way of zero-shot classification, we show that VLMs yield an accuracy of 90.4% on TrashNet, by contrast, a CNN typically needs a few hundred labeled images to achieve similar performance. Using the training-free Tip-Adapter with only 10 labeled example images per class lifts macro-F1 by 8.1 points over the zero-shot VLM baseline. Overall, we propose a guideline for language-driven, training-free methods for waste classification.

准确的废物分类是有效回收的必要条件。对于家庭垃圾，随着时间的推移，不断变化的回收政策和在消费品中引入新材料不断重塑不同地区的分类类别。这些变化挑战了针对特定分类任务训练的现有基于传感器的分类系统，并且通过完全监督的再训练恢复准确性的成本很高，因为它需要新的标记数据和完整的模型更新。我们研究了基础模型是否可以在没有或很少标记示例的情况下提供准确的基于图像的废物分类。我们分析了现有的方法，如多模态大语言模型（MLLMs）、视觉语言模型（VLMs）、视觉变形器（ViTs）和基线CNN，跨越四个数据集，包括一个新的食品与非食品包装数据集，具有不同数量的标记示例。此外，我们提出了对现有方法的调整，例如用于mlm的思维链提示，以及用于vlm的集成提示和Tip-Adapter。我们证明了MLLMs在零射击分类上表现良好，并且像gpt - 40这样的大型模型在少量示例下进一步改进，但对于工业规模的推理来说，计算成本是不可行的。对于一种相对更快的零射击分类方法，我们表明VLMs在TrashNet上产生90.4%的准确率，相比之下，CNN通常需要几百张标记图像才能达到类似的性能。使用无需训练的Tip-Adapter，每个类只有10个标记的示例图像，将macro-F1在零拍摄VLM基线上提高8.1点。总的来说，我们提出了一种语言驱动，无需培训的废物分类方法的指导方针。

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引用次数: 0

Upcycling colored brush fiber waste through siro yarn production: A sustainable approach to reduce environmental impact in textile manufacturing 通过siro纱生产升级回收彩色刷纤维废料：减少纺织制造对环境影响的可持续方法

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100474

Md. Atikul Islam , Md. Ehsanur Rashid , Towfik Aziz Kanon , Md. Rubel Khan , Md. Bashar Uddin , Md. Nayemul Islam , Md. Habibur Rahman , Abdul Wahab Fahim , Raihan Uddin , Shrestha Ray , Md Younus Khan Rijuan , Md Mahbubul Haque

Growing environmental concerns, stricter sustainability regulations, and rising raw material costs have accelerated interest in textile waste recycling. This study investigates the use of colored brush fiber waste (CWBF), generated during the sueding process, to produce siro yarn without mechanical recycling. Twelve yarn samples were developed—nine with varying CWBF blends and three virgin cotton control yarns. The CWBF, collected in tuft form, was fed directly through carding machine. Yarn properties were assessed using evenness and tensile tests, along with optical microscopy and SEM. Statistical analyses, including full factorial regression and correlation analysis, identified significant factors affecting yarn quality. A 12.5 % CWBF blend was found optimal, offering substantial environmental benefits—saving 1559 liters of water, 4.8 kWh of energy, and reducing 2.2 kg of CO₂ per kilogram of CWBF used. Fabrics were also made to confirm the yarn's suitability for apparel applications, demonstrating CWBF’s potential as a sustainable raw material for siro yarn production.

日益增长的环境问题、更严格的可持续性法规和不断上涨的原材料成本加速了对纺织废料回收的兴趣。本研究探讨了在无机械回收的情况下，利用绒面加工过程中产生的有色刷毛纤维废料（CWBF）生产纱的方法。开发了12种纱线样品，其中9种采用不同的CWBF混纺纱线，3种采用纯棉对照纱线。以成簇形式收集的CWBF，通过梳理机直接进料。纱线性能通过均匀度和拉伸测试以及光学显微镜和扫描电镜进行评估。统计分析，包括全因子回归和相关分析，确定了影响纱线质量的显著因素。12.5 %的CWBF混合物被发现是最佳的，提供了大量的环境效益-节省1559升水，4.8千瓦时的能源，每使用一公斤CWBF减少2.2 公斤的二氧化碳。织物的制作也证实了这种纱线在服装应用上的适用性，证明了CWBF作为一种可持续的西纱生产原料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Dry-wet mechanical treatment to produce high-quality recycling aggregate and cement raw material from mixed construction and demolition waste – A material flow analysis case study from Austria 干湿机械处理从混合建筑和拆除废物中生产高质量再生骨料和水泥原料-奥地利的物料流分析案例研究

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100473

Dominik Blasenbauer , Johann Fellner , Stefan Skutan , Jakob Lederer

Mixed demolition waste comprises concrete, stones, bricks, fine mineral fractions, and extraneous materials that can impair the quality of recycled aggregate. Upgrading this waste into high-quality building materials requires sophisticated dry-wet mechanical treatment. However, detailed analyses of material flows, energy use, and composition from such processes are scarce, though essential for LCA and economic assessments. Recycling outcomes also depend on local conditions, making the collection of primary data crucial. For Austria, existing studies are outdated or missing. This study investigates dry-wet mechanical treatment of mixed demolition waste at an Austrian facility. The process combines dry pre-treatment (screening, sorting, metal removal) with wet steps (washing, screening, density separation). A three-day sampling campaign revealed that 78 wt% of the input material becomes high-quality recycled aggregates. Fines (21 wt%) are used in cement production as a substitute for primary raw materials. Metals and impurities (1 wt%) enter recycling or waste-to-energy streams, with no landfill fraction. The final product, a standardized 0/16 aggregate mix, meets environmental standards and achieves end-of-waste status under Austrian law. Wet treatment reduces non-mineral impurities by ∼40 wt% compared to dry treatment and improves grading curves by removing fines. Chemical analysis confirms this, as washing transfers oxides and minerals from fines to the filter cake. A simplified economic analysis indicates that gate fees and product trading are the primary revenue drivers. Future work builds on the data assessed and uses it as a basis for a comprehensive life cycle and economic analysis.

混合的拆迁废物包括混凝土、石头、砖块、细矿物组分和可能损害再生骨料质量的外来物质。将这些废物升级为高质量的建筑材料需要复杂的干湿机械处理。然而，对这些过程的物质流动、能源使用和成分的详细分析很少，尽管这对LCA和经济评估至关重要。回收结果也取决于当地条件，因此收集原始数据至关重要。对奥地利来说，现有的研究要么过时，要么缺失。本研究调查干湿机械处理混合拆迁废物在奥地利的设施。该工艺将干式预处理（筛选、分选、除金属）与湿式步骤（洗涤、筛选、密度分离）相结合。为期三天的采样活动显示，78 wt%的输入材料成为高质量的再生骨料。细粉（21 wt%）在水泥生产中用作主要原料的替代品。金属和杂质（1 wt%）进入回收或废物转化为能源流，没有填埋部分。最终产品是标准化的0/16骨料混合物，符合环境标准，并达到奥地利法律规定的废弃状态。与干法处理相比，湿法处理减少了约40 wt%的非矿物杂质，并通过去除细粒改善了分级曲线。化学分析证实了这一点，因为洗涤将氧化物和矿物质从细粉转移到滤饼中。简单的经济分析表明，入场费和产品交易是主要的收入驱动因素。今后的工作以评估的数据为基础，并将其作为全面生命周期和经济分析的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Refurbishment: A systematic review of its current state and future research avenues 翻新：对其现状和未来研究途径的系统回顾

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100472

Heemanshi Shahi, Sapna Parashar

Refurbishment plays a crucial role in the circular economy by extending product lifecycles, reducing waste, and enhancing sustainability. However, research on refurbishment remains fragmented across disciplines. This study systematically reviews 227 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus, employing bibliometric and content analysis to identify key themes. Findings highlight a strong focus on consumer acceptance, business strategies, and environmental benefits, while sustainable refurbishment and digitalization remain underexplored. Limited research exists on refurbishment in emerging economies. This review contributes to circular economy literature by emphasizing interdisciplinary research on technology adoption, consumer behavior, and industry-specific applications, offering insights for academics, policymakers, and businesses.

翻新通过延长产品生命周期、减少浪费和提高可持续性，在循环经济中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，关于翻新的研究仍然分散在各个学科之间。本研究系统地回顾了来自Scopus的227篇同行评议文章，采用文献计量学和内容分析来确定关键主题。调查结果强调了对消费者接受度、商业战略和环境效益的高度关注，而可持续翻新和数字化仍未得到充分探索。关于新兴经济体翻新的研究有限。本综述通过强调对技术采用、消费者行为和行业特定应用的跨学科研究，为学者、政策制定者和企业提供见解，为循环经济文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

Physical, mechanical and chemical characterization of a composite from leather shavings and scrap office paper for potential packaging application 由皮革屑和废办公用纸制成的潜在包装用复合材料的物理、机械和化学特性

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100469

Anggie Thalya Villanueva-Linares , Jose Alberto Aguilar-Franco , Marvin Marco Chambi-Peralta , Carlos Renzo Rivera Calcina , Teófilo Donaires Flores , Jeanette Fabiola Díaz-Quintanilla

A composite material with potential applications in the packaging industry was developed using leather shavings, scrap office paper, thermoplastic resin, and distilled water. The production process consisted of raw material preparation, the production of recycled paperboard sheets, and sheet finishing. An extreme vertex mixture design generated 13 samples to optimize the proportions of paper, leather shavings and resin, using tensile strength (ASTM D828–22) as the dependent variable. The optimal recycled paperboard formulation was 70 wt% paper, 5 wt% leather shavings, and 25 wt% resin. Physical tests were conducted to measure grammage (ISO 536), thickness (ISO 534), moisture content (TAPPI T 412), and water absorption (ISO 535–2023). Chemical analyses included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflectance (ATR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and elemental chemical composition of the composite material. Compared with reference paperboard, the recycled paperboard exhibited lower moisture absorption but also reduced tensile strength. FTIR spectra confirmed cellulose-related bands and revealed the presence of collagen from leather, while TGA/DTG curves indicated slight shifts in degradation temperatures, reflecting reduced thermal stability due to leather incorporation. The recycled paperboard shows potential for sustainable packaging applications that demand moderate mechanical performance. However, the lower thermal stability and tensile strength may limit its use in high-stress demanding applications.

以皮革屑、废办公纸、热塑性树脂和蒸馏水为原料，研制了一种具有包装工业应用前景的复合材料。生产过程包括原料制备、再生纸板生产和纸张整理。极端顶点混合设计产生13个样品，以拉伸强度（ASTM D828-22）作为因变量，优化纸，皮革刨花和树脂的比例。再生纸板的最佳配方为：70 wt%纸，5 wt%皮屑，25 wt%树脂。进行物理测试以测量克重（ISO 536）、厚度（ISO 534）、含水量（TAPPI t412）和吸水性（ISO 535-2023）。化学分析包括扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、导数热重分析（DTG）和复合材料的元素化学组成。与参考纸板相比，再生纸板吸湿率较低，但抗拉强度降低。FTIR光谱证实了纤维素相关波段，并显示了皮革胶原蛋白的存在，而TGA/DTG曲线显示降解温度略有变化，反映了皮革掺入导致的热稳定性降低。再生纸板显示了可持续包装应用的潜力，需要适度的机械性能。然而，较低的热稳定性和抗拉强度可能限制其在高应力要求应用中的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Towards cleaner semiconductor packaging: Life cycle assessment of material and location decisions on carbon and water scarcity footprints 迈向更清洁的半导体封装：碳和水稀缺足迹的材料和位置决策的生命周期评估

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100467

Ali Ouattara , Chen Chuan Lin , Jia-Yi Thum , Chien-Hung Kuo , Lance Hongwei Huang , Allen H. Hu

Semiconductor devices drive technological innovation needed for the transition toward more sustainable systems; however, their manufacturing entails significant environmental burdens, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water scarcity. This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of two major semiconductor packaging types, Lead Frame (LF) and Flip Chip (FC), using gold (Au) or copper (Cu) bonding wires. Carbon footprint (CF) and water scarcity footprint (WSF) are quantified in accordance with ISO 14067 and ISO 14046, respectively, using the ReCiPe and AWARE methods, with a functional unit of 1 mm³ . Results indicate that FC-Au wire has the highest CF (2.72E-03 kgCO₂eq) and overall environmental impact (2.43E-04 Pt), driven mainly by electricity consumption and upstream raw material production. The same configuration exhibits the highest water use (3.62 E-03 m³), and a WSF evaluated at 2.49 E-03 m³ world-eq. Incorporating regional water scarcity data reduces WSF values by up to 71.19 %, noting the importance of spatial resolution. An alternative assessment with a FU of one piece confirms this trend. Cu-based packaging represents a more sustainable alternative to Au-based packaging, exhibiting significantly lower environmental impacts and water scarcity burdens. These results provide actionable insights for material selection and for identifying sustainable manufacturing locations, particularly in regions such as Japan and Malaysia, within the semiconductor industry.

半导体器件推动了向更可持续系统过渡所需的技术创新；然而，它们的制造带来了巨大的环境负担，包括温室气体排放和水资源短缺。本研究进行了生命周期评估（LCA），以评估两种主要半导体封装类型，引线框架（LF）和倒装芯片（FC），使用金（Au）或铜（Cu）键合线的环境性能。碳足迹（CF）和水资源稀缺足迹（WSF）分别按照ISO 14067和ISO 14046进行量化，采用ReCiPe和AWARE方法，功能单位为1 mm³ 。结果表明，FC-Au线的CF （2.72E-03 kgCO₂eq）和整体环境影响（2.43E-04 Pt）最高，主要受电力消耗和上游原材料生产的驱动。相同的配置显示出最高的用水量（3.62 E-03 m3）， WSF评估为2.49 E-03 m3世界当量。纳入区域水资源短缺数据可使WSF值降低71.19% %，这表明空间分辨率的重要性。另一种评估是单件的FU，证实了这一趋势。铜基包装代表了一种比金基包装更可持续的替代品，表现出明显更低的环境影响和水资源短缺负担。这些结果为材料选择和确定可持续的制造地点提供了可行的见解，特别是在半导体行业的日本和马来西亚等地区。

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引用次数: 0

Have we engineered adsorbents for obsolescence? A critical mandate for regeneration in the age of perpetual pollution 我们设计吸附剂是为了淘汰吗？这是在持续污染的时代进行再生的关键任务

IF 3.9

Cleaner Waste Systems

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100470

Rich Jhon Paul Latiza , Rugi Vicente Rubi , Reibelle Raguindin

Biochar is widely promoted as a sustainable solution for pharmaceutical water treatment, yet its environmental value depends entirely on a capability that is frequently assumed but rarely proven: long-term regenerability. This study challenges the prevailing single-use paradigm by quantifying the durability and methodological rigor of contemporary biochar research. Through a systematic review of 258 studies (2021–2025), we identified a final cohort of 57 experimental papers (N = 147 datasets). The review exposes a critical blind spot: 60 % of high-quality studies completely omit experimental regeneration data. For the 34 studies that did report cycling metrics, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis to establish the field’s first quantitative benchmark for durability. The results reveal a pooled mean performance loss of 29.8 % (95 % CI: 21.1 %–38.4 %) over an average of just five cycles. Subgroup analysis identified the regeneration mechanism as the primary driver of heterogeneity (

I^{2}

=99.3 %); notably, thermal regeneration proved superior (6.7 % loss) to the widely used solvent washing methods (36.2 % loss). Methodological assessment further reveals that 85 % of studies fail to account for the secondary waste generated during regeneration. To bridge this gap between academic claims and engineering reality, we propose the “Minimum Information for Adsorbent Regeneration” (MIAR) guidelines, mandating the reporting of secondary waste, energy inputs, and statistical durability in future research.

生物炭被广泛推广为制药水处理的可持续解决方案，但其环境价值完全取决于一种经常被假设但很少被证明的能力：长期可再生性。本研究通过量化当代生物炭研究的持久性和方法严谨性，挑战了普遍的单一使用范式。通过对258项研究（2021-2025）的系统回顾，我们确定了57篇实验论文的最终队列（N = 147个数据集）。这篇综述暴露了一个关键的盲点：60% %的高质量研究完全忽略了再生实验数据。对于34项报告循环指标的研究，我们进行了随机效应荟萃分析，以建立该领域第一个持久性定量基准。结果显示，在平均五个周期内，汇总平均性能损失为29.8 %（95 % CI: 21.1 % -38.4 %）。亚组分析发现再生机制是异质性的主要驱动因素（I2= 99.3%）；值得注意的是，热再生被证明优于广泛使用的溶剂洗涤方法（损失36.2%）（损失6.7%）。方法学评估进一步表明，85%的研究没有考虑到再生过程中产生的二次废物。为了弥合学术主张和工程现实之间的差距，我们提出了“吸附剂再生的最低信息”（MIAR）指南，要求在未来的研究中报告二次废物，能源投入和统计耐久性。

{"title":"Have we engineered adsorbents for obsolescence? A critical mandate for regeneration in the age of perpetual pollution","authors":"Rich Jhon Paul Latiza , Rugi Vicente Rubi , Reibelle Raguindin","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is widely promoted as a sustainable solution for pharmaceutical water treatment, yet its environmental value depends entirely on a capability that is frequently assumed but rarely proven: long-term regenerability. This study challenges the prevailing single-use paradigm by quantifying the durability and methodological rigor of contemporary biochar research. Through a systematic review of 258 studies (2021–2025), we identified a final cohort of 57 experimental papers (N = 147 datasets). The review exposes a critical blind spot: 60 % of high-quality studies completely omit experimental regeneration data. For the 34 studies that did report cycling metrics, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis to establish the field’s first quantitative benchmark for durability. The results reveal a pooled mean performance loss of 29.8 % (95 % CI: 21.1 %–38.4 %) over an average of just five cycles. Subgroup analysis identified the regeneration mechanism as the primary driver of heterogeneity (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>=99.3 %); notably, thermal regeneration proved superior (6.7 % loss) to the widely used solvent washing methods (36.2 % loss). Methodological assessment further reveals that 85 % of studies fail to account for the secondary waste generated during regeneration. To bridge this gap between academic claims and engineering reality, we propose the “Minimum Information for Adsorbent Regeneration” (MIAR) guidelines, mandating the reporting of secondary waste, energy inputs, and statistical durability in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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