Pub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100415
Felipe do Casal de Paula , Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa , Jessica Caroline de Lima , Larissa Tonial dos Santos
Frass, a byproduct of Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) rearing, contains high levels of nutrients, but its direct application to soil may be limited due to biological instability and phytochemical compounds. This study aimed to assess the vermicomposting of frass mixed with cattle manure at different proportions, targeting its stabilization for agricultural use. Five mixtures with increasing frass content (0–100 %) were prepared, and physicochemical parameters, germination index (GI), and structural characteristics were monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Our findings revealed that high frass content compromises worm development and compost maturity. The mixture of 50 % frass and 50 % cattle manure showed the best results regarding stability, nutrient content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) value, and was not phytotoxic (GI > 80 %). FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of organic compounds and the formation of stable functional groups. In conclusion, vermicomposting with cattle manure is an effective strategy for frass stabilization, addressing an important gap in the literature and enhancing its potential as an organic fertilizer in sustainable farming systems.
{"title":"Stabilization of black soldier fly larval frass through vermicomposting with cattle manure: Agricultural and chemical assessment","authors":"Felipe do Casal de Paula , Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa , Jessica Caroline de Lima , Larissa Tonial dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frass, a byproduct of <em>Hermetia illucens</em> (black soldier fly) rearing, contains high levels of nutrients, but its direct application to soil may be limited due to biological instability and phytochemical compounds. This study aimed to assess the vermicomposting of frass mixed with cattle manure at different proportions, targeting its stabilization for agricultural use. Five mixtures with increasing frass content (0–100 %) were prepared, and physicochemical parameters, germination index (GI), and structural characteristics were monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Our findings revealed that high frass content compromises worm development and compost maturity. The mixture of 50 % frass and 50 % cattle manure showed the best results regarding stability, nutrient content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) value, and was not phytotoxic (GI > 80 %). FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of organic compounds and the formation of stable functional groups. In conclusion, vermicomposting with cattle manure is an effective strategy for frass stabilization, addressing an important gap in the literature and enhancing its potential as an organic fertilizer in sustainable farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100414
Monita Olivia , Ririn Asmanovita , Ines Junita Sinuhaji , Wulan Ramanda Putri , Iskandar R. Sitompul , Panca Setia Utama , Steve W.M. Supit
Blended Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete is a relatively new type of binder that can potentially reduce palm oil waste and carbon dioxide emissions associated with the Portland cement-based industry. POFA has pozzolanic properties that enable concrete to improve its resistance in aggressive environments such as organic acid peat water. Increasing POFA content by over 20 % is prone to strength degradation and durability problems, and adding micro silica could improve the properties of concrete. This research aims to study the fresh properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, and durability of combined POFA concrete with micro silica in the peat water environment. A mixture optimization was conducted, and the optimum micro silica content was 10 %. In this study, four mixes with various POFA (0, 20, 40 %), and micro silica percentage by weight (0, 5, 10, 15 %) were investigated. Control mixtures were Portland Composite Cement (PCC) and PCC with 10 % silica (PCC-POFA0). The samples were immersed in peat water for 3, 7, and 28 days. The compressive strength, tensile strength, porosity, sorptivity, weight change, shrinkage, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), half-cell corrosion and corrosion rate were determined. The PCC-POFA20 has the best compressive and tensile strengths, as well as the lowest porosity and sorptivity. It also passes the UPV test as high-quality concrete and has a low corrosion rate. In conclusion, mix PCC-POFA20 with 10 % micro silica produces concrete with the highest resistance to acidic organic peat water.
{"title":"Properties of blended Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete using additive micro silica exposed to organic peat water environment","authors":"Monita Olivia , Ririn Asmanovita , Ines Junita Sinuhaji , Wulan Ramanda Putri , Iskandar R. Sitompul , Panca Setia Utama , Steve W.M. Supit","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blended Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete is a relatively new type of binder that can potentially reduce palm oil waste and carbon dioxide emissions associated with the Portland cement-based industry. POFA has pozzolanic properties that enable concrete to improve its resistance in aggressive environments such as organic acid peat water. Increasing POFA content by over 20 % is prone to strength degradation and durability problems, and adding micro silica could improve the properties of concrete. This research aims to study the fresh properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, and durability of combined POFA concrete with micro silica in the peat water environment. A mixture optimization was conducted, and the optimum micro silica content was 10 %. In this study, four mixes with various POFA (0, 20, 40 %), and micro silica percentage by weight (0, 5, 10, 15 %) were investigated. Control mixtures were Portland Composite Cement (PCC) and PCC with 10 % silica (PCC-POFA0). The samples were immersed in peat water for 3, 7, and 28 days. The compressive strength, tensile strength, porosity, sorptivity, weight change, shrinkage, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), half-cell corrosion and corrosion rate were determined. The PCC-POFA20 has the best compressive and tensile strengths, as well as the lowest porosity and sorptivity. It also passes the UPV test as high-quality concrete and has a low corrosion rate. In conclusion, mix PCC-POFA20 with 10 % micro silica produces concrete with the highest resistance to acidic organic peat water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public participation is a key to a successful municipal waste management (MWM) system, but making it sustainable remains challenging. Social learning is one potential solution to improve and sustain public participation, as it encourages the community to become more engaged in the program through a collaborative process involving diverse actors. However, previous studies paid little attention to this topic. This study aimed to provide evidence on the development of studies on public participation and community engagement in waste management, and to further investigate the studies on social learning within collaborative systems for the public participation. It employed bibliometric analysis, utilizing the public participation ladder by Arnstein, social learning theory, and the collaborative governance model as the analytical framework. Using two tools, Visualization of Similarities viewer (VOSviewer) and Biblioshiny, this study mapped the metadata and analyzed 140 selected documents through a systematic search of the Scopus database. This study revealed some insights. First, public acceptance and identification of behavioral determinant factors have been a consistent main topic of studies, especially in developing countries, indicating a low level of participation as the focus of prior studies. In contrast, an active partnership with the government and other stakeholders throughout the planning and decision-making processes is expected to be the primary focus. Second, only a limited number of studies on waste management have analyzed the collaborative dynamic interaction and social learning process more closely in developed country contexts. Studies on other crucial aspects of collaborative governance, such as organizational design and facilitative leadership, are also lacking, despite their importance for social learning in collaborative governance. More comprehensive studies were required to be explored in future studies, including the starting conditions as an enabler of the collaborative process. This study is a novel investigation that employs a bibliometric analysis to visualize the growth of studies in the public participation context of waste management. The findings contribute, both theoretically and practically, in waste management field by providing future research directions and offering insights for policymakers, NGOs, and other relevant stakeholders to develop collaborative strategies that enhance public participation sustainability.
{"title":"Social learning, public participation and community engagement in waste management: A bibliometric analysis of trends and gaps","authors":"Rony Sandra Yofa Zebua , Sunarti , Andi Wahyudi , Istiana Hermawati , Wisber Wiryanto , Asmadi Adnan , Caecilia Suprapti Dwi Takariani , Alhadi Saputra , Zaenal Abidin","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public participation is a key to a successful municipal waste management (MWM) system, but making it sustainable remains challenging. Social learning is one potential solution to improve and sustain public participation, as it encourages the community to become more engaged in the program through a collaborative process involving diverse actors. However, previous studies paid little attention to this topic. This study aimed to provide evidence on the development of studies on public participation and community engagement in waste management, and to further investigate the studies on social learning within collaborative systems for the public participation. It employed bibliometric analysis, utilizing the public participation ladder by Arnstein, social learning theory, and the collaborative governance model as the analytical framework. Using two tools, Visualization of Similarities viewer (VOSviewer) and Biblioshiny, this study mapped the metadata and analyzed 140 selected documents through a systematic search of the Scopus database. This study revealed some insights. First, public acceptance and identification of behavioral determinant factors have been a consistent main topic of studies, especially in developing countries, indicating a low level of participation as the focus of prior studies. In contrast, an active partnership with the government and other stakeholders throughout the planning and decision-making processes is expected to be the primary focus. Second, only a limited number of studies on waste management have analyzed the collaborative dynamic interaction and social learning process more closely in developed country contexts. Studies on other crucial aspects of collaborative governance, such as organizational design and facilitative leadership, are also lacking, despite their importance for social learning in collaborative governance. More comprehensive studies were required to be explored in future studies, including the starting conditions as an enabler of the collaborative process. This study is a novel investigation that employs a bibliometric analysis to visualize the growth of studies in the public participation context of waste management. The findings contribute, both theoretically and practically, in waste management field by providing future research directions and offering insights for policymakers, NGOs, and other relevant stakeholders to develop collaborative strategies that enhance public participation sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100412
Barbara Bokor
The pervasive use of plastic food packaging (PFP) generates significant environmental, social, and economic challenges, including pollution, resource depletion, and health risks. Despite efforts by the European Union (EU) to address these challenges through regulatory instruments grounded in circular economy (CE) principles, persistent gaps remain in effectively mitigating the negative externalities associated specifically with PFP. This article undertakes a comprehensive legal analysis of EU regulatory frameworks, focusing on their ability to internalize negative externalities across the lifecycle of PFP and align with CE and sustainability principles. The analysis reveals that current regulations, while ambitious in addressing waste management and promoting recycling, emphasize downstream solutions rather than holistic upstream interventions, such as reducing plastic production, promoting safer alternatives, and addressing complex multilayer composites. These limitations highlight a disconnect between the EU’s CE aspirations and the realities of persistent environmental and social harms caused by PFP. The study's novelty lies in its integration of sustainable circular economy (SCE) principles as an evaluative framework. These principles, encompassing environmental, social, and economic dimensions, serve to assess the coherence and effectiveness of EU policies and provide actionable recommendations for legal reform. By critically examining regulatory gaps, misalignments, and trade-offs, the article contributes to the ongoing discourse on advancing a genuinely sustainable CE for PFP in the EU.
{"title":"Legal analysis of the EU regulatory framework on circular economy and sustainability principles in plastic food packaging","authors":"Barbara Bokor","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive use of plastic food packaging (PFP) generates significant environmental, social, and economic challenges, including pollution, resource depletion, and health risks. Despite efforts by the European Union (EU) to address these challenges through regulatory instruments grounded in circular economy (CE) principles, persistent gaps remain in effectively mitigating the negative externalities associated specifically with PFP. This article undertakes a comprehensive legal analysis of EU regulatory frameworks, focusing on their ability to internalize negative externalities across the lifecycle of PFP and align with CE and sustainability principles. The analysis reveals that current regulations, while ambitious in addressing waste management and promoting recycling, emphasize downstream solutions rather than holistic upstream interventions, such as reducing plastic production, promoting safer alternatives, and addressing complex multilayer composites. These limitations highlight a disconnect between the EU’s CE aspirations and the realities of persistent environmental and social harms caused by PFP. The study's novelty lies in its integration of sustainable circular economy (SCE) principles as an evaluative framework. These principles, encompassing environmental, social, and economic dimensions, serve to assess the coherence and effectiveness of EU policies and provide actionable recommendations for legal reform. By critically examining regulatory gaps, misalignments, and trade-offs, the article contributes to the ongoing discourse on advancing a genuinely sustainable CE for PFP in the EU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100413
Henrique Comba Gomes , Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra , Conrado de Souza Rodrigues , Flavia Spitale Jacques Poggiali , Boksun Kim
Some of the challenges faced by the construction industry related to sustainability are the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW), environmental impacts caused by the demand for natural aggregates, and associated carbon (CO2) emissions. One potential solution is recycling CDW as recycled aggregates (RA). Though, RA generally performs poorly compared to natural aggregates (NA) in concretes. Researchers suggest that CO2 curing via accelerated carbonation may improve the properties of RA. However, further investigation is needed to understand the impact of CO2 curing on mortar made with fine recycled aggregates (FRA). This study explores the effects of CO2 curing on FRA under three different moisture content conditions (0 %, 30 %, and 50 %) in combination with accelerated carbonation. The CO2 curing was then tested in five mortar mixes: 0 % RA, 50 % FRA, 100 %FRA, 50 % CO2-cured FRA, and 100 % CO2-cured FRA. The aggregate physical properties were analysed while CO2 curing was assessed through mass gain, differential thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mortar mix performance was evaluated through physical, mechanical and durability properties. The results revealed the 30 % moisture condition produced the highest carbonation results, leading to a reduction in FRA porosity. Also, mortars with CO2-cured FRA demonstrated better overall performance compared to non-carbonated RA, and in some cases even outperformed mortars made with NA. These findings suggest that CO2 curing could be an effective strategy to enhance the properties of FRA, expanding their potential applications in the construction industry.
{"title":"Carbonation for enhancement of fine recycled aggregate applied to mortar","authors":"Henrique Comba Gomes , Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra , Conrado de Souza Rodrigues , Flavia Spitale Jacques Poggiali , Boksun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some of the challenges faced by the construction industry related to sustainability are the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW), environmental impacts caused by the demand for natural aggregates, and associated carbon (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. One potential solution is recycling CDW as recycled aggregates (RA). Though, RA generally performs poorly compared to natural aggregates (NA) in concretes. Researchers suggest that CO<sub>2</sub> curing via accelerated carbonation may improve the properties of RA. However, further investigation is needed to understand the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> curing on mortar made with fine recycled aggregates (FRA). This study explores the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> curing on FRA under three different moisture content conditions (0 %, 30 %, and 50 %) in combination with accelerated carbonation. The CO<sub>2</sub> curing was then tested in five mortar mixes: 0 % RA, 50 % FRA, 100 %FRA, 50 % CO<sub>2</sub>-cured FRA, and 100 % CO<sub>2</sub>-cured FRA. The aggregate physical properties were analysed while CO<sub>2</sub> curing was assessed through mass gain, differential thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mortar mix performance was evaluated through physical, mechanical and durability properties. The results revealed the 30 % moisture condition produced the highest carbonation results, leading to a reduction in FRA porosity. Also, mortars with CO<sub>2</sub>-cured FRA demonstrated better overall performance compared to non-carbonated RA, and in some cases even outperformed mortars made with NA. These findings suggest that CO<sub>2</sub> curing could be an effective strategy to enhance the properties of FRA, expanding their potential applications in the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100409
Balamurali Kanagaraj , Arkishembha Sohliya , G. Jayakumar , N. Anand , Eva Lubloy
The demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional steel reinforcement in concrete remains a major challenge, particularly due to steel’s high cost, energy-intensive production, and susceptibility to corrosion in aggressive environments. While bamboo has been explored as a renewable reinforcement, its performance within advanced geopolymer matrices and optimised slab configurations remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by experimentally evaluating the structural behaviour of four types of bamboo reinforced slabs: cement concrete (BCC), geopolymer concrete (BGC), fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete (BFRGC), and topology-optimised geopolymer concrete (TBGC). The slabs were tested under uniformly distributed loading, and their compressive strength, bond performance, stiffness, ductility, deformability factor, and energy absorption capacity were assessed. Results revealed that BFRGC exhibited superior performance, achieving 13.6 % higher compressive strength, 32 % greater ductility, and 33.7 % higher energy absorption capacity compared to BGC, while BCC demonstrated the most brittle response. TBGC, although material-efficient, showed reduced stiffness (7.9 % lower than BGC) and energy absorption (24.6 % lower). These findings highlight the potential of hybrid fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete with bamboo strips to enhance load-carrying capacity and post-cracking behaviour, thereby advancing the use of natural, sustainable reinforcement in structural applications.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of bamboo reinforced concrete slab: A comparative study between fibre reinforced mix and shape optimised composite","authors":"Balamurali Kanagaraj , Arkishembha Sohliya , G. Jayakumar , N. Anand , Eva Lubloy","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional steel reinforcement in concrete remains a major challenge, particularly due to steel’s high cost, energy-intensive production, and susceptibility to corrosion in aggressive environments. While bamboo has been explored as a renewable reinforcement, its performance within advanced geopolymer matrices and optimised slab configurations remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by experimentally evaluating the structural behaviour of four types of bamboo reinforced slabs: cement concrete (BCC), geopolymer concrete (BGC), fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete (BFRGC), and topology-optimised geopolymer concrete (TBGC). The slabs were tested under uniformly distributed loading, and their compressive strength, bond performance, stiffness, ductility, deformability factor, and energy absorption capacity were assessed. Results revealed that BFRGC exhibited superior performance, achieving 13.6 % higher compressive strength, 32 % greater ductility, and 33.7 % higher energy absorption capacity compared to BGC, while BCC demonstrated the most brittle response. TBGC, although material-efficient, showed reduced stiffness (7.9 % lower than BGC) and energy absorption (24.6 % lower). These findings highlight the potential of hybrid fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete with bamboo strips to enhance load-carrying capacity and post-cracking behaviour, thereby advancing the use of natural, sustainable reinforcement in structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100408
K. Nandhini , M.S. Shyam Sundar
The use of ordinary Portland cement in the construction industry greatly adds to environmental problems, such as excessive energy use and CO2 emissions. This study explores the viability of using waste eggshell powder (EP) as an additional cementitious ingredient in cement mortar in order to allay these worries. Packed with calcium carbonate, EP is tested as a partial cement substitute in weight percentages ranging from 5 % to 20 %. Traditional supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GS), and silica fume (SF), are also added at the same replacement amounts for comparison. Using each material, mortar specimens are prepared, and their compressive strength, workability, and durability qualities are thoroughly evaluated. It is anticipated that the findings will encourage more environmentally friendly and resource-efficient building techniques by offering comparative insights into the effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of EP use in conjunction with well-established SCMs.
{"title":"Towards greener mortars: Blended cementitious systems using waste eggshell powder","authors":"K. Nandhini , M.S. Shyam Sundar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of ordinary Portland cement in the construction industry greatly adds to environmental problems, such as excessive energy use and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This study explores the viability of using waste eggshell powder (EP) as an additional cementitious ingredient in cement mortar in order to allay these worries. Packed with calcium carbonate, EP is tested as a partial cement substitute in weight percentages ranging from 5 % to 20 %. Traditional supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GS), and silica fume (SF), are also added at the same replacement amounts for comparison. Using each material, mortar specimens are prepared, and their compressive strength, workability, and durability qualities are thoroughly evaluated. It is anticipated that the findings will encourage more environmentally friendly and resource-efficient building techniques by offering comparative insights into the effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of EP use in conjunction with well-established SCMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study quantitatively examines waste sorting behavior (WSB) and its antecedents among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a Middle Eastern Gulf country. Using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior, this research investigates the impacts of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on waste sorting intention (WSI), and the impacts of WSI, personal norms, perceived knowledge, trust in the waste management process and convenient infrastructure on WSB. We collected data using a self-administered research questionnaire on a sample of 353 students and used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the data.
The results revealed that attitudes (β = 0.433, p < 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.163, p = 0.002) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.137, p = 0.017) significantly positively impacted students’ WSI. Moreover, WSI (β = 0.444, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.153, p = 0.001), perceived knowledge (β = 0.144, p = 0.003) and personal norms (β = 0.182, p < 0.001) significantly positively impacted students’ WSB. However, trust in the local waste management system and convenient infrastructure were not significant variables for predicting students’ WSB. The R-squared values for WSI and WSB are 0.376 and 0.527, respectively. Practical implications of this study include actionable recommendations for policymakers and educational institutions aimed at enhancing sustainable waste sorting practices.
本研究对中东海湾国家阿联酋大学生的垃圾分类行为及其影响因素进行了定量研究。本研究运用扩展版的计划行为理论，探讨了态度、主观规范和感知行为控制对垃圾分类意愿的影响，以及WSI、个人规范、感知知识、对垃圾管理过程的信任和便利基础设施对垃圾分类意愿的影响。我们采用自填调查问卷的方式收集了353名学生的数据，并使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）对数据进行分析。结果显示，态度（β = 0.433, p <； 0.001）、主观规范（β = 0.163, p = 0.002）和感知行为控制（β = 0.137, p = 0.017）显著正向影响学生的WSI。此外，WSI （β = 0.444, p <； 0.001）、感知行为控制（β = 0.153, p = 0.001）、感知知识（β = 0.144, p = 0.003）和个人规范（β = 0.182, p <； 0.001）显著正向影响学生的WSB。然而，对当地废物管理系统和便利基础设施的信任不是预测学生WSB的显著变量。WSI和WSB的r平方值分别为0.376和0.527。这项研究的实际意义包括为决策者和教育机构提出可行的建议，旨在加强可持续的废物分类做法。
{"title":"Exploring waste sorting behavior and its antecedents among university students in the UAE using an extended theory of planned behavior","authors":"Marie-France Waxin , Hasnan Baber , Aaron Bartholomew , Aaliya Ahammed","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantitatively examines waste sorting behavior (WSB) and its antecedents among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a Middle Eastern Gulf country. Using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior, this research investigates the impacts of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on waste sorting intention (WSI), and the impacts of WSI, personal norms, perceived knowledge, trust in the waste management process and convenient infrastructure on WSB. We collected data using a self-administered research questionnaire on a sample of 353 students and used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the data.</div><div>The results revealed that attitudes (β = 0.433, p < 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.163, p = 0.002) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.137, p = 0.017) significantly positively impacted students’ WSI. Moreover, WSI (β = 0.444, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.153, p = 0.001), perceived knowledge (β = 0.144, p = 0.003) and personal norms (β = 0.182, p < 0.001) significantly positively impacted students’ WSB. However, trust in the local waste management system and convenient infrastructure were not significant variables for predicting students’ WSB. The R-squared values for WSI and WSB are 0.376 and 0.527, respectively. Practical implications of this study include actionable recommendations for policymakers and educational institutions aimed at enhancing sustainable waste sorting practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100410
Michael Ibrahim Fheili , Walid Marrouch
With ambitious plans to enhance municipal solid waste management as part of Egypt’s Vision 2030 plan, it becomes increasingly important for policymakers to consider all relevant stakeholders. No study to date evaluates the determinants of waste disposal practices across Egyptian households, let alone those in urban slums. Accordingly, this study investigates the determinants of household solid waste disposal practices in the urban slums of Greater Cairo using data from the Survey of Young People in Informal Urban Areas of Greater Cairo (SYPE-IGC) in 2016. We use a multinomial logistic regression to determine the probability of a household adopting various disposal practices over strictly improper ones, given certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The main results indicate that household wealth, the educational attainment of its head, and the availability of waste services are positively associated with proper household disposal practices. The results from the subsamples reiterate the uneven distribution of waste services.
{"title":"Determinants of improper versus proper waste disposal practices by households: Evidence from greater Cairo’s urban slums","authors":"Michael Ibrahim Fheili , Walid Marrouch","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With ambitious plans to enhance municipal solid waste management as part of Egypt’s Vision 2030 plan, it becomes increasingly important for policymakers to consider all relevant stakeholders. No study to date evaluates the determinants of waste disposal practices across Egyptian households, let alone those in urban slums. Accordingly, this study investigates the determinants of household solid waste disposal practices in the urban slums of Greater Cairo using data from the Survey of Young People in Informal Urban Areas of Greater Cairo (SYPE-IGC) in 2016. We use a multinomial logistic regression to determine the probability of a household adopting various disposal practices over strictly improper ones, given certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The main results indicate that household wealth, the educational attainment of its head, and the availability of waste services are positively associated with proper household disposal practices. The results from the subsamples reiterate the uneven distribution of waste services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100406
Salaheddin A. Arafa , Abdalrhman Milad , Mohamed.M. Mustafa , Ahmed A. Elgadi , Tan Huy Tran
Researchers have investigated diverse approaches to developing sustainable construction materials, with particular attention to enhancing the mechanical performance and water permeability of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC). PGC has been introduced as an alternative to conventional Portland cement (OPC) and natural aggregates (NA), offering both structural improvements and environmental benefits. In this study, biomass aggregate (BA) was produced from incinerated palm oil biomass, while coated biomass aggregate (CBA) was synthesized by combining BA with alkaline liquid (AL) and fly ash (FA), followed by curing at 80 °C for 24 h. Experimental results demonstrated that PGC incorporating CBA achieved a maximum compressive strength of 13.7 MPa, representing a 121 % increase compared with the OPC–NA reference mix (6.2 MPa) and a 65 % improvement over PGC containing BA (8.3 MPa). Importantly, this strength enhancement was obtained without reducing permeability. The CBA–PGC mixtures exhibited permeability values up to 2.1 cm/s, closely comparable to OPC–NA (2.15 cm/s) and higher than the 1.81–1.98 cm/s range recorded for BA–PGC. The optimum mixture was achieved with a FA:CBA ratio of 1:7, NaOH concentration of 10 M, an AL/FA ratio of 0.5, and curing at 80 °C for 24 h. These findings indicate that incorporating CBA into PGC significantly improves compressive strength while maintaining adequate water permeability, thereby highlighting its potential as a sustainable aggregate alternative. Furthermore, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict compressive strength (fc’) and permeability (k) across different pervious concrete mixes. The models achieved R²values above 0.9, confirming their predictive accuracy and reliability. Overall, this study demonstrates the viability of utilizing industrial by-products such as BA and CBA to produce high-performance, eco-efficient PGC, contributing to the advancement of sustainable construction materials.
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of pervious geopolymer concrete incorporated coated biomass aggregate: A mathematical modeling approach","authors":"Salaheddin A. Arafa , Abdalrhman Milad , Mohamed.M. Mustafa , Ahmed A. Elgadi , Tan Huy Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers have investigated diverse approaches to developing sustainable construction materials, with particular attention to enhancing the mechanical performance and water permeability of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC). PGC has been introduced as an alternative to conventional Portland cement (OPC) and natural aggregates (NA), offering both structural improvements and environmental benefits. In this study, biomass aggregate (BA) was produced from incinerated palm oil biomass, while coated biomass aggregate (CBA) was synthesized by combining BA with alkaline liquid (AL) and fly ash (FA), followed by curing at 80 °C for 24 h. Experimental results demonstrated that PGC incorporating CBA achieved a maximum compressive strength of 13.7 MPa, representing a 121 % increase compared with the OPC–NA reference mix (6.2 MPa) and a 65 % improvement over PGC containing BA (8.3 MPa). Importantly, this strength enhancement was obtained without reducing permeability. The CBA–PGC mixtures exhibited permeability values up to 2.1 cm/s, closely comparable to OPC–NA (2.15 cm/s) and higher than the 1.81–1.98 cm/s range recorded for BA–PGC. The optimum mixture was achieved with a FA:CBA ratio of 1:7, NaOH concentration of 10 M, an AL/FA ratio of 0.5, and curing at 80 °C for 24 h. These findings indicate that incorporating CBA into PGC significantly improves compressive strength while maintaining adequate water permeability, thereby highlighting its potential as a sustainable aggregate alternative. Furthermore, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict compressive strength (fc’) and permeability (k) across different pervious concrete mixes. The models achieved R²values above 0.9, confirming their predictive accuracy and reliability. Overall, this study demonstrates the viability of utilizing industrial by-products such as BA and CBA to produce high-performance, eco-efficient PGC, contributing to the advancement of sustainable construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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