Earthquake Research Advances最新文献_第4页

Physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation and foreshocks: Cascade triggering, aseismic slip, or fluid flows? 地震成核和前震的物理机制：级联触发、地震滑动还是流体流动？

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100349

Zhigang Peng , Xinglin Lei

Earthquakes are caused by the rapid slip along seismogenic faults. Whether large or small, there is inevitably a certain nucleation process involved before the dynamic rupture. At the same time, significant foreshock activity has been observed before some but not all large earthquakes. Understanding the nucleation process and foreshocks of earthquakes, especially large damaging ones, is crucial for accurate earthquake prediction and seismic hazard mitigation. The physical mechanism of earthquake nucleation and foreshock generation is still in debate. While the earthquake nucleation process is present in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, it is difficult to observe such a process directly in the field. In addition, it is currently impossible to effectively distinguish foreshocks from ordinary earthquake sequences. In this article, we first summarize foreshock observations in the last decades and attempt to classify them into different types based on their temporal behaviors. Next, we present different mechanisms for earthquake nucleation and foreshocks that have been proposed so far. These physical models can be largely grouped into the following three categories: elastic stress triggering, aseismic slip, and fluid flows. We also review several recent studies of foreshock sequences before moderate to large earthquakes around the world, focusing on how different results/conclusions can be made by different datasets/methods. Finally, we offer some suggestions on how to move forward on the research topic of earthquake nucleation and foreshock mechanisms and their governing factors.

地震是由发震断层的快速滑动引起的。无论大或小，在动态破裂之前都不可避免地要经历一定的成核过程。与此同时，在一些但不是所有的大地震之前，已经观察到明显的前震活动。了解地震的成核过程和前震，特别是大型破坏性地震的前震，对于准确预测地震和减轻地震危害至关重要。地震成核和前震发生的物理机制仍存在争议。地震成核过程存在于室内实验和数值模拟中，但很难在现场直接观测到。此外，目前还无法有效区分前震和普通地震序列。在本文中，我们首先总结了近几十年来的前震观测，并试图根据它们的时间行为将它们分为不同的类型。接下来，我们提出了迄今为止提出的地震成核和前震的不同机制。这些物理模型大致可分为以下三类：弹性应力触发、地震滑动和流体流动。我们还回顾了最近几项关于世界各地中强震前震序列的研究，重点讨论了不同数据集/方法如何得出不同的结果/结论。最后，对地震成核和前震机制及其控制因素的研究方向提出了一些建议。

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引用次数: 0

Frontiers in Chinese seismology: Synthesizing innovations from the 18th Seismological Society of China Conference (SSC 2023) 中国地震学前沿：第18届中国地震学会会议（SSC 2023）创新成果综合

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100351

Xiangli He , Tao Li , Qinxia Wang , Ziyue Wang , Zhaoning Chen , Chong Xu

The 18^th Academic Conference of the Seismological Society of China was held in Guiyang, China, on August 7, 2023, fostering academic exchanges on the latest advancements in earthquake science. The conference featured 170 abstracts and nearly 300 academic presentations. In this paper, we classify and summarize the scholars' presentations, analyzing the current state and progress of earthquake science in China from four key perspectives: crustal structure dynamics, earthquake mechanisms, seismic resilience of urban and rural infrastructure, and innovative earthquake services. The presentations reveal that research primarily focuses on detecting crustal structures in southwest China, with seismic imaging technology and magnetotelluric detection being the most commonly used methods. Studies on earthquake mechanisms are centered on recent destructive events, such as the 2023 M_W 7.8 and M_W 7.6 Türkiye earthquakes, the 2022 M_W 6.7 Luding earthquake, and the 2021 M_W 7.4 Madoi earthquake. Regarding seismic resilience, the focus is on shock resistance and seismic isolation experiments involving large-scale hybrid structures, as well as the formation mechanisms and risk assessments of earthquake-triggered disaster chains. Additionally, significant progress has been made in smart earthquake services, particularly in rapid disaster assessment, earthquake disaster information extraction technology, the China Seismic Experimental Site, and the strong-motion Flatfile database for mainland China. Overall, this conference highlighted that earthquake science in China has reached a new level of development. However, numerous scientific challenges and critical technologies remain to be addressed, such as acquiring higher-resolution crustal structures and applying big data and artificial intelligence to diverse seismic models and earthquake services, which requires the continued collaboration of researchers in the field.

2023年8月7日，中国地震学会第十八届学术会议在中国贵阳召开，促进了地震科学最新进展的学术交流。这次会议有170篇摘要和近300篇学术报告。本文从地壳结构动力学、地震机理、城乡基础设施抗震恢复力和创新地震服务四个关键角度，对中国地震科学的现状和进展进行了梳理和总结。研究结果表明，中国西南地区的地壳结构探测研究主要集中在地震成像技术和大地电磁探测技术上。对地震机制的研究集中在最近发生的破坏性事件上，如2023年的7.8级和7.6级基野地震，2022年的6.7级泸定地震和2021年的7.4级马多伊地震。在地震恢复力方面，重点开展大型混合结构的抗冲击和隔震实验，以及地震灾害链的形成机制和风险评估。此外，智能地震服务取得重大进展，特别是在快速灾害评估、地震灾害信息提取技术、中国地震试验场和中国大陆强震Flatfile数据库方面。总的来说，这次会议突出了中国地震科学的发展达到了一个新的水平。然而，许多科学挑战和关键技术仍有待解决，例如获取更高分辨率的地壳结构，以及将大数据和人工智能应用于各种地震模型和地震服务，这需要该领域研究人员的持续合作。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the final fatalities using early reported death count from the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, MS 8.0–7.9 earthquake doublet and revising the estimates over time 根据2023年kahramanmaraku， t<s:1> rkiye, MS 8.0-7.9级地震的早期报告死亡人数估计最终死亡人数，并随着时间的推移修改估计数

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100331

Yan Liu, Zitao Wang, Xuemin Zhang

Earthquakes can cause significant damage and loss of life, necessitating immediate assessment of the resulting fatalities. Rapid assessment and timely revision of fatality estimates are crucial for effective emergency decision-making. This study using the February 6, 2023, M_S 8.0 and M_S 7.9 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquakes as an example to estimate the ultimate number of fatalities. An early Quick Rough Estimate (QRE) based on the number of deaths reported by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Türkiye (AFAD) is conducted, and it dynamically adjusts these estimates as new data becomes available. The range of estimates of the final number of deaths can be calculated as 31 384–56 475 based on the "the QRE of the second day multiplied by 2–3″ rule, which incorporates the reported final deaths 50 500. The Quasi-Linear and Adaptive Estimation (QLAE) method adaptively adjusts the final fatality estimate within two days and predicts subsequent reported deaths. The correct order of magnitude of the final death toll can be estimated as early as 13 hr after the M_S 8.0 earthquake. In addition, additional earthquakes such as May 12, 2008, M_S 8.1 Wenchuan earthquake (China), September 8, 2023, M_S 7.2 Al Haouz earthquake (Morocco), November 3, 2023, M_S 5.8 Mid-Western Nepal earthquake, December 18, 2023, M_S 6.1 Jishishan earthquake (China), January 1, 2024, M_S 7.2 Noto Peninsula earthquake (Japan) and August 8, 2023, Maui, Hawaii, fires are added again to verified the correctness of the model. The fatalities from the Maui fires are found to be approximately equivalent to those resulting from an MS 7.4 earthquake. These methods complement existing frameworks such as Quake Loss Assessment for Response and Mitigation (QLARM) and Prompt Assessment of Global.

地震可能造成重大的破坏和生命损失，需要立即评估由此造成的死亡人数。快速评估和及时修订死亡估计数对于有效的应急决策至关重要。本研究以2023年2月6日发生的MS 8.0和MS 7.9 kahramanmarakei地震为例，估计最终死亡人数。根据缅甸灾害和应急管理局（AFAD）报告的死亡人数进行了早期快速粗略估计，并在获得新数据时动态调整这些估计数。最后死亡人数的估计范围可根据“第二天的死亡率乘以2-3″规则”计算为31 384-56 475人，其中包括报告的最后死亡人数50 500人。准线性和自适应估计（QLAE）方法自适应调整两天内的最终死亡估计，并预测随后报告的死亡人数。最终死亡人数的正确数量级最早可以在MS 8.0地震发生13小时后估计出来。此外，还增加了2008年5月12日、2023年9月8日中国汶川8.1级地震、2023年11月3日摩洛哥Al Haouz 7.2级地震、2023年12月18日尼泊尔中西部5.8级地震、2024年1月1日中国鸡石山6.1级地震、日本诺托半岛7.2级地震和2023年8月8日夏威夷毛伊岛大火等地震，以验证模型的正确性。毛伊岛大火造成的死亡人数大致相当于7.4级地震造成的死亡人数。这些方法补充了诸如响应和减轻地震损失评估（QLARM）和全球快速评估等现有框架。

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引用次数: 0

Reexamination confirming additional seismic evidence for the 12 May 2010 low-yield nuclear test 重新审查确认了2010年5月12日低当量核试验的额外地震证据

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100350

Miao Zhang , Lianxing Wen

This study examines event location and source discrimination for the May 12, 2010 possible nuclear event in North Korea, using seismic data recorded in the Dongbei Broadband Seismic Network in China. Using highly similar Pg waveforms between the events, we locate the event within 2 km of the 2009 nuclear test site. For event classification, we first build a group of reference earthquakes and explosions through a machine-learning phase picker and an event association/location process, with open-access satellite image verification; we then classify the event based on the Pg/Lg spectral ratios and Pg waveform similarity comparisons with past nuclear tests. The event is classified as a small explosion reaffirming the findings of Zhang and Wen (2015a). Along with independent scientific evidence from radionuclide studies and infrasound signal analysis, the May 12, 2010 event can be reasonably attributed to a low-yield nuclear test. Our study shows that explosion discriminants are dependent on event magnitudes and seismic noises, and vary from station to station. Accordingly, event classification should be performed on a station-by-station basis. The approach presented here is useful for seismic monitoring of low-yield nuclear tests.

本研究利用中国东北宽带地震台网记录的地震数据，对2010年5月12日朝鲜可能发生的核事件进行了事件定位和震源判别。利用两个事件之间高度相似的Pg波形，我们将该事件定位在2009年核试验场2公里范围内。对于事件分类，我们首先通过机器学习阶段选择器和事件关联/定位过程构建一组参考地震和爆炸，并使用开放获取的卫星图像验证；然后，我们根据Pg/Lg光谱比和Pg波形与过去核试验的相似性比较对事件进行分类。该事件被归类为小爆炸，重申了Zhang和Wen （2015a）的发现。根据来自放射性核素研究和次声信号分析的独立科学证据，2010年5月12日的事件可以合理地归因于一次低当量核试验。我们的研究表明，爆炸判别依赖于事件震级和地震噪声，并且因站而异。因此，应逐站进行事件分类。本文提出的方法对低当量核试验的地震监测是有用的。

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引用次数: 0

Automatic location of surface-monitored microseismicity with deep learning 基于深度学习的地表监测微震活动自动定位

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100355

Zhaolong Gan , Xiao Tian , Xiong Zhang , Mengxue Dai

Accurate and rapid determination of source locations is of great significance for surface microseismic monitoring. Traditional methods, such as diffraction stacking, are time-consuming and challenging for real-time monitoring. In this study, we propose an approach to locate microseismic events using a deep learning algorithm with surface data. A fully convolutional network is designed to predict source locations. The input data is the waveform of a microseismic event, and the output consists of three 1D Gaussian distributions representing the probability distribution of the source location in the

x

,

y

, and

z

dimensions. The theoretical dataset is generated to train the model, and several data augmentation methods are applied to reduce discrepancies between the theoretical and field data. After applying the trained model to field data, the results demonstrate that our method is fast and achieves comparable location accuracy to the traditional diffraction stacking location method, making it promising for real-time microseismic monitoring.

准确、快速地确定震源位置对地面微震监测具有重要意义。传统的方法，如衍射叠加，既耗时又具有挑战性。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种利用地表数据的深度学习算法来定位微地震事件的方法。设计了一个全卷积网络来预测源位置。输入数据是微地震事件的波形，输出数据由三个一维高斯分布组成，表示震源位置在x、y和z维度上的概率分布。生成理论数据集来训练模型，并采用几种数据增强方法来减小理论数据与现场数据之间的差异。将训练好的模型应用于现场数据，结果表明，该方法定位速度快，定位精度与传统的衍射叠加定位方法相当，有望用于微震实时监测。

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引用次数: 0

IonKit-NH: A MATLAB-based toolkit for ionospheric detection of earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption IonKit-NH：一个基于matlab的电离层探测工具，用于地震、海啸和火山喷发

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100353

Long Tang

In recent years, GNSS-derived total electron content (TEC) measurements have emerged as an effective method for detecting natural hazards through their ionospheric manifestations. Seismo-atmospheric disturbances generated by earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions propagate as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) that modify ionospheric electron density. Despite this potential, specialized open-source tools for such analyses remain limited. We present IonKit-NH, a MATLAB-based toolkit enabling systematic processing of multi-GNSS data (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS) through dual-frequency combination analysis for TEC derivation. The software implements automated generation of time-distance diagrams and 2D TEC perturbation maps, enabling quantitative characterization of TID propagation parameters associated with natural hazards. This toolkit enhances standardized analysis of ionospheric precursors and co-seismic signals across global navigation satellite systems.

近年来，gnss衍生的总电子含量（TEC）测量已成为通过电离层表现检测自然灾害的有效方法。地震、海啸和火山爆发产生的地震-大气扰动以行进电离层扰动（TIDs）的形式传播，从而改变电离层电子密度。尽管有这种潜力，专门用于此类分析的开源工具仍然有限。我们提出了IonKit-NH，这是一个基于matlab的工具包，可以通过双频组合分析进行TEC推导，系统地处理多gnss数据（GPS， GLONASS, Galileo， BDS）。该软件实现了自动生成时间距离图和2D TEC摄动图，能够定量表征与自然灾害相关的TID传播参数。该工具包增强了对全球导航卫星系统中电离层前兆和同震信号的标准化分析。

引用次数: 0

Summary of environmental effect and seismic activity in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 青藏高原环境效应与地震活动综述

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100354

Yanyun Zhang , Yu Zhang , Huazheng Su , Ruidong Li , Bingbing Han

This paper focuses on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It systematically reviews its seismic activity characteristics and extensive environmental effects under extreme climatic conditions in dry and cold seasons. Firstly, through detailed data analysis and literature review, it is revealed how the seasonal significant rainfall and temperature changes in the plateau establish potential links with key parameters such as the frequency and intensity of seismic activity. This process deeply analyzes how natural conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature changes directly or indirectly affect the mechanism of earthquake preparation and triggering, which may promote or inhibit the occurrence of seismic activity. The close relationship between cold and dry seasons and seismic activity is emphasized, and the unique influence of these special climatic conditions on seismic activity patterns is discussed. In addition, the regional distribution characteristics of seismic activity in the plateau area are also analyzed, including key data such as annual occurrence number and magnitude distribution, which provides strong data support for formulating regional earthquake disaster response strategies. In addition, the characteristics of various secondary disasters that may be caused by earthquakes, such as landslides, debris flows, barrier lakes, etc., are analyzed, which deepens the understanding of the complexity of the earthquake disaster chain. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for future earthquake disaster prevention and control work and to promote the improvement of earthquake science research and disaster management levels in the Qingzang Plateau and even the world.

本文以青藏高原为研究对象。系统地回顾了干冷季节极端气候条件下的地震活动特征和广泛的环境影响。首先，通过详细的数据分析和文献综述，揭示了青藏高原季节性显著降水和温度变化与地震活动频率和强度等关键参数之间的潜在联系。该过程深入分析了极端降雨和温度变化等自然条件如何直接或间接地影响地震的准备和触发机制，从而促进或抑制地震活动的发生。强调寒季和旱季与地震活动的密切关系，并讨论了这些特殊气候条件对地震活动模式的独特影响。此外，还分析了高原地区地震活动的区域分布特征，包括年发生次数、震级分布等关键数据，为制定区域地震灾害应对策略提供了有力的数据支持。此外，分析了滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等地震可能引发的各种次生灾害的特征，加深了对地震灾害链复杂性的认识。旨在为今后的地震灾害防治工作提供科学依据，促进青藏高原乃至世界地震科学研究和灾害管理水平的提高。

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引用次数: 0

The representative scientific results of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite 中国地震电磁卫星的代表性科学成果

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100314

Zhima Zeren, Yanyan Yang, Rui Yan, Zhenxia Zhang, Jie Wang, He Huang, Song Xu, Hengxin Lu, Na Zhou, Jianping Huang

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) launched on February 2, 2018, has been steadily operating in orbit for more than six years, exceeding its designed five-year lifespan expectation. The evaluation results suggest that the satellite platform and the majority of payloads are performing well, and still providing reliable measurements. This report briefly introduces the representative scientific results obtained from CSES-01's five-year observations. The first result is the long-term global geophysical field data accumulated for the first time, including the global geomagnetic field, the electromagnetic field and waves in a broad frequency band, the in-situ and profile ionospheric plasma parameters, and the energetic particles. The second result is that a series of data processing and validation methods were obtained, and some of the methods are unique worldwide. The third result is that the geomagnetic field, lithospheric magnetic field, and ionospheric electron density 3D models were built based on CSES-01’ s data. The fourth result is that statistical features of seismic-ionospheric disturbances were revealed and the direct observational evidence for the electromagnetic wave propagation models in the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere was also confirmed. The fifth result is the physical processing of the space weather events was clearly described, showing CSES-01's good capability of monitoring space weather conditions.

中国地震电磁卫星（ses -01）于2018年2月2日发射升空，已在轨道上稳定运行了6年多，超过了5年的设计寿命预期。评估结果表明，卫星平台和大部分有效载荷性能良好，仍然提供可靠的测量。本报告简要介绍了ses -01 5年观测取得的具有代表性的科学成果。第一个结果是首次积累的长期全球地球物理场数据，包括全球地磁场、电磁场和宽频带波、原位和剖面电离层等离子体参数以及高能粒子。第二个结果是获得了一系列数据处理和验证方法，其中一些方法在世界范围内是独一无二的。第三个结果是基于ses -01数据建立了地磁场、岩石圈磁场和电离层电子密度三维模型。第四，揭示了地震-电离层扰动的统计特征，也证实了岩石圈-大气-电离层电磁波传播模型的直接观测证据。五是清晰地描述了空间天气事件的物理处理过程，显示了ses -01良好的空间天气监测能力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of seismic spatiotemporal characteristics and migration distance in the Badong section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 三峡库区巴东段地震时空特征及迁移距离评价

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100316

Guoyong Duan , Fei Li , Kongwei Wang , Yaobo Xu

This paper aims to elucidate the seismic characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir area after impoundment and investigate the seismic source migration. Based on the seismic data analysis from the Badong segment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, we assessed the local temporal and spatial variations in the frequent earthquakes. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between changes in reservoir water levels and the occurrence of reservoir-induced earthquakes. Additionally, we examined the regularity of earthquake occurrences at the exact location during different periods. Based on the fault mechanics principles, a formula was derived to estimate the length of open and wing-shaped rupture at the hypocenter under the influence of pore or excess pore water pressure. The results reveal that reservoir-induced seismicity demonstrates short-term cycles characterized by alternating "active periods" and "quiet periods," as well as long-term cycles with the combined periods. The probability of earthquakes occurring within one year at the epicentre is relatively high and decreases after four years. The derived formula can be utilized to estimate the seismic migration distance at the epicentre in the short term. These research findings provide valuable insights for analyzing the regularity of reservoir-induced earthquake activities and understanding the mechanism of seismic source migration.

本文旨在阐明三峡库区蓄水后的地震特征，探讨震源迁移。通过对三峡库区巴东段地震资料的分析，评价了该地区地震频发的时空变化特征。对水库水位变化与水库诱发地震的关系进行了相关分析。此外，我们还研究了不同时期在同一地点发生地震的规律。根据断裂力学原理，导出了在孔隙或超孔隙水压力作用下震源处开孔破裂和翼状破裂长度的估算公式。结果表明，水库诱发的地震活动表现出以“活跃期”和“安静期”交替为特征的短期周期，以及以组合周期为特征的长期周期。震中一年内发生地震的概率相对较高，四年后发生地震的概率降低。推导出的公式可以在短期内估计地震在震中的偏移距离。这些研究成果为分析水库诱发地震活动规律和认识震源运移机制提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The evolution process between the earthquake swarm beneath the Noto Peninsula, central Japan and the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake sequence 日本中部诺藤半岛地震群与2024年7.6级诺藤阪神地震序列的演化过程

Earthquake Research Advances

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100332

Zhigang Peng , Xinglin Lei , Qing-Yu Wang , Dun Wang , Phuc Mach , Dongdong Yao , Aitaro Kato , Kazushige Obara , Michel Campillo

Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation, such as pre-slip, cascade triggering, aseismic slip, and fluid-driven models, have been proposed. However, it is still not clear which model plays the most important role in driving foreshocks and mainshock nucleation for given cases. In this study, we focus on the relationship between an intensive earthquake swarm that started beneath the Noto Peninsula in Central Japan since November 2020 and the nucleation of the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake. We relocate earthquakes listed in the standard Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog since 2018 with the double-different relocation method. Relocated seismicity revealed that the 2024 M 7.6 mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault above a parallel fault where the M 6.5 Suzu earthquake occurred in May 2023. We find possible along-strike and along-dip expansion of seismicity in the first few months at the beginning of the swarm sequence, while no obvious migration pattern in the last few days before the M 7.6 mainshock was observed. Several smaller events occurred in between the M 5.5 and M 4.6 foreshocks that occurred about 4 min and 2 min before the M7.6 mainshock. The Coulomb stress changes from the M 5.5 foreshock were negative at the hypocenter of the M 7.6 mainshock, which is inconsistent with a simple cascade triggering model. Moreover, an M 5.9 foreshock was identified in the JMA catalog 14 s before the mainshock. Results from back-projection of high-frequency teleseismic P waves show a prolonged initial rupture process near the mainshock hypocenter lasting for ∼25 s, before propagating bi-laterally outward. Our results suggest a complex evolution process linking the earthquake swarm to the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock at a region of complex structures associated with the bend of a mapped large-scale reverse fault. A combination of fluid migration, aseismic slip and elastic stress triggering likely work in concert to drive both the prolonged earthquake swarm and the nucleation of the M7.6 mainshock.

提出了地震成核的几种物理机制，如预滑动、级联触发、地震滑动和流体驱动模型。然而，对于给定的情况，哪一种模式在驱动前震和主震成核中起最重要的作用仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们重点研究了自2020年11月以来在日本中部的诺托半岛下方开始的强烈地震群与2024年7.6级诺托汉托地震的成核之间的关系。我们对2018年以来日本气象厅（JMA）标准目录中列出的地震进行了双重不同的重新定位方法。重新定位的地震活动显示，2024年的7.6级主震可能在2023年5月发生6.5级苏州地震的平行断层上方破裂了一个逆冲断层。在震群序列开始的前几个月，地震活动性可能沿走向和沿倾角扩展，而在7.6级主震发生前的最后几天，地震活动性没有明显的迁移模式。在里氏5.5级和里氏4.6级前震之间发生了几次较小的地震，发生在里氏7.6级主震前约4分钟和2分钟。在7.6级主震震源处，5.5级前震库仑应力变化为负，与简单的级联触发模型不一致。此外，日本气象厅在主震发生前14秒目录中确定了5.9级前震。高频远震P波的反投影结果显示，主震震源附近的初始破裂过程持续约25秒，然后向两侧向外传播。我们的研究结果表明，地震群与7.6级主震的成核有一个复杂的演化过程，该区域的复杂结构与已绘制的大型逆断层的弯曲有关。流体迁移、地震滑动和弹性应力触发的组合可能共同推动了长时间的地震群和7.6级主震的成核。

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引用次数: 0