We here present the french legal modalities of Assisted Reproductive Techniques in cases of serodiscordant couples for Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Hepatitis B or C viruses. We also present the articles which inspired these measures destinated to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to the unifected wife or husband and child.
Three computer-based methods for analyzing fetal heart rhythm (FHR) have been developed recently. They use the fetal electrocardiograph (STAN software), short-term variability (STV) measurement based on comparisons of intervals between beats (Oxford 8002 software), and frequential analysis by conversion of the time signal to a frequency spectrum (according to the Fourier principle), respectively. As compared to conventional visual FHR analysis, a T/QRS ratio increase and presence of biphasic ST-segment waves recorded by STAN, a STV value lower than 6 milliseconds at full term with Oxford, and a decrease in low frequencies with an increase in very low frequencies ensure more reliable detection of fetal asphyxia during labor.
Technical advances allow a study of the fœtal electrocardiographic complexes. PR intervals and ST waveforms were studied by different teams. Actually, ST analysis is routinely realisable by means of an apparatus.
The authors recall the physiological bases of the foetal heart rate study. The features obtained by the visual analysis of the traces are discussed, with the analysis of the basal heart rate, of accelerations and decelerations. The methods for a complete study are detailed, with semi-quantitative studies and scores. Non stress test and stress tests are discussed. Then, the study of the foetal heart rate during pregnancy, delivery and second stage of labour are discussed.
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